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Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2022Incidence of anxiety and depression has been surging in recent years, causing unignorable mental health crisis across the globe. Mounting studies demonstrated that...
Incidence of anxiety and depression has been surging in recent years, causing unignorable mental health crisis across the globe. Mounting studies demonstrated that overgrowth of detrimental gut microbes is driving the development of anxiety and depression. Our previous studies suggested that ferulic acid (FA) and feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) were potent in regulating gut microbiome and microbial metabolism in a variety of disease settings, including neuroinflammation. Given the increasing evidence solidifying the role of gut-brain axis in neurological disorders, we here investigated the therapeutic potential of FA and FOs in anxiety and depression. In present study we found that FA and FOs effectively alleviated anxiety and depression-like behavior in mice, while increasing the abundance of Firmicutes, Solibacillus, Acinetobacter and Arthrobacter, and decreasing the abundance of Parabacteroides, Oscollospira and Rummeliibacillus. In addition, FA and FOs were efficacious in enhancing phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine and caffeine metabolism in mice having depression. Our results validated FA and FOs as effective nutrition to prevent anxiety and depression, as well as provided mechanistic insight into their anti-anxiety and anti-depression function. We suggested that FOs mitigated the symptom of depression in mice potentially via changing gut microbiome structure and microbial metabolism.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Anxiety; Oligosaccharides; Phenylalanine
PubMed: 36461269
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111887 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2023Our previous study showed that as a substitute for statins, selenium-enriched kiwifruit (Se-Kiwi) might reduce blood lipids and protect the liver in Kunming mice, but...
Our previous study showed that as a substitute for statins, selenium-enriched kiwifruit (Se-Kiwi) might reduce blood lipids and protect the liver in Kunming mice, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Metabolic regulation of mammalian intestinal microflora plays an important role in obesity and related diseases induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, samples of serum, liver, colon, and fresh feces from the Se-Kiwi-treated hyperlipidemia C57BL/6J mouse model were collected. Based on metabolome (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS) and gut microbiome (16S rDNA) analyses as well as the integrative analysis of physiological and biochemical indices and pathological data of mice, we aimed to systematically illustrate the gut microbiome and metabolomics mechanism of Se-Kiwi in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice. As a result, Se-Kiwi can significantly increase the abundance of potentially beneficial gut bacteria such as , and in the colon and improve hyperlipidemia by regulating the digestion and absorption of vitamins, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and other metabolic pathways, which have been confirmed by the following fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. This process was significantly regulated by the , , , , , and genes. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of selenium-enriched functional foods in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet, High-Fat; Hyperlipidemias; Selenium; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Metabolomics; Lipid Metabolism; Mammals
PubMed: 38055355
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00108 -
MBio Aug 2019Studies of the gut microbiota have dramatically increased in recent years as the importance of this microbial ecosystem to human health and disease is better...
Studies of the gut microbiota have dramatically increased in recent years as the importance of this microbial ecosystem to human health and disease is better appreciated. The are the most abundant order of bacteria in the healthy human gut and induce both health-promoting and disease-promoting effects. There are more than 55 species of gut with extensive intraspecies genetic diversity, especially in regions involved in the synthesis of molecules that interact with other bacteria, the host, and the diet. This property necessitates the study of diverse species and strains. In recent years, the genetic toolkit to study these bacteria has greatly expanded, but we still lack a facile system for creating deletion mutants and allelic replacements in diverse strains, especially with the rapid increase in resistance to the two antibiotics used for genetic manipulation. Here, we present a new versatile and highly efficient vector suite that allows the creation of allelic deletions and replacements in multiresistant strains of and using a gain-of-function system based on polysaccharide utilization. These vectors also allow for easy counterselection independent of creating a mutant background strain, using a toxin from a type VI secretion system of Toxin production during counterselection is induced with one of two different molecules, providing flexibility based on strain phenotypes. This family of vectors greatly facilitates functional genetic analyses and extends the range of gut strains that can be genetically modified to include multiresistant strains that are currently genetically intractable with existing genetic tools. We have entered an era when studies of the gut microbiota are transitioning from basic questions of composition and host effects to understanding the microbial molecules that underlie compositional shifts and mediate health and disease processes. The importance of the gut to human health and disease and their potential as a source of engineered live biotherapeutics make these bacteria of particular interest for in-depth mechanistic study. However, there are still barriers to the genetic analysis of diverse strains, limiting our ability to study important host and community phenotypes identified in these strains. Here, we have overcome many of these obstacles by constructing a series of vectors that allow easy genetic manipulation in diverse gut and strains. These constructs fill a critical need and allow streamlined allelic replacement in diverse gut , including the growing number of multiantibiotic-resistant strains present in the modern-day human intestine.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Markers; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Inulin; Metalloendopeptidases; Mutation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Rhamnose
PubMed: 31409684
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01762-19 -
Anaerobe Aug 2023This retrospective study analyzed the susceptibility levels of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) in a hospital-based laboratory where disk diffusion test (DDT) was...
OBJECTIVES
This retrospective study analyzed the susceptibility levels of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) in a hospital-based laboratory where disk diffusion test (DDT) was routinely performed. Isolates non-susceptible to imipenem and metronidazole by DDT were further investigated using a gradient method.
METHODS
The DDT and MIC susceptibility data of clindamycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and imipenem obtained on Brucella blood agar for 1264 non-duplicated isolates during 2020-2021 were analyzed. Species identification was obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. Interpretative agreement of DDT results using the 2015 EUCAST tentative and 2021 CA-SFM breakpoints was compared against MIC as the reference.
RESULTS
The dataset included 604 B. fragilis (483 division I, 121 division II isolates), 415 non-fragilis Bacteroides, 177 Phocaeicola and 68 Parabacteroides. Susceptibility rates for clindamycin (22.1-62.1%) and moxifloxacin (59.9-80.9%) were low and many had no inhibition zones. At the EUCAST and CA-SFM breakpoints, 83.0 and 89.4% were imipenem-susceptible, and 89.6% and 97.4 were metronidazole-susceptible. MIC testing confirmed 11.4% and 2.8% isolates as imipenem-non-susceptible and metronidazole-resistant, respectively. Significant numbers of false-susceptibility and/or false-resistance results were observed at the CA-SFM breakpoint but not the EUCAST breakpoint. Higher rates of imipenem and/or metronidazole resistance were detected in B. fragilis division II, B. caccae, B. ovatus, B. salyersiae, B. stercoris and Parabacteroides. Co-resistance to imipenem and metronidazole was detected in 3 B. fragilis division II isolates.
CONCLUSIONS
The data demonstrated emerging BFG resistance to several important anti-anaerobic antibiotics and highlights the importance of anaerobic susceptibility testing in clinical laboratories to guide therapy.
Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroides fragilis; Clindamycin; Metronidazole; Moxifloxacin; Hong Kong; Retrospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Imipenem
PubMed: 37429411
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102756 -
Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont,... Oct 2014Multidrug resistance in Bacteroides spp. and related genera is uncommon and has not been described in Latin America until now. We studied phenotypically and...
Multidrug resistance in Bacteroides spp. and related genera is uncommon and has not been described in Latin America until now. We studied phenotypically and genotypically the multidrug resistance of 10 clinical strains of Bacteroides, two of Parabacteroides distasonis, and one of Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus recovered in a national hospital between 2006 and 2010. To this end, we determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, imipenem, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and metronidazole using E-tests, evaluated the isolates for β-lactamases with nitrocefin hydrolysis tests, performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening of erm, tet, and nim genes, obtained partial gyrA sequences, and studied the effect of tazobactam and efflux pump inhibitors (EPI) on the MIC of cefotaxime, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin. Three isolates were resistant to four different classes of antibiotics and 10 were resistant to three. β-lactam resistance was in most cases due to β-lactamases susceptible of partial inhibition by tazobactam. Ten isolates were cfxA-positive and two isolates had cepA. Twelve isolates were highly resistant to clindamycin and nine were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin. However, these phenotypes were not linked to ermA, ermB, ermF, and ermG or mutations in gyrA. Addition of EPI lowered the MICs of clindamycin and ciprofloxacin of one and four isolates, respectively. Twelve isolates had tetQ and four were positive for tetM. In both cases, genes of the two-component system RteAB accompanied tet genes. Although metronidazole susceptibility was universal, nim genes were not present. To our knowledge, this is the first report of multidrug resistance due to less commonly identified or alternative mechanisms in strains of Bacteroides and related species from a developing country.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Costa Rica; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Humans; Metronidazole; Mutation; Phenotype; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 24606061
DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0180 -
BioMed Research International 2021Increasing evidences have reported gut microbiota dysbiosis in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease and pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). There... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidences have reported gut microbiota dysbiosis in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease and pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). There is lack evidence of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in adults with INS, however. Here, we to address the association between the gut microbiome and INS.
METHODS
Stool samples of 35 adult INS patients and 35 healthy volunteers were collected. Total bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced. The fecal microbiome was analyzed using bioinformatics. The correlation analysis between altered taxa and clinical parameters was also included.
RESULTS
We found that microbial diversity in the gut was reduced in adult patients with INS. , , , , , , , , , , , , and were significantly reduced, while , , , , , and were markedly increased in patients with INS. In addition, , , and were negatively correlated with serum creatinine. Blood urea nitrogen levels were positively correlated with , , , , and , but were negatively correlated with and . , , , , , and were positively correlated with albumin. Proteinuria was positively correlated with , , , , , , , and , but was negatively correlated with , , and e.
CONCLUSION
Our findings show compositional alterations of intestinal microbiota in adult patients with INS and correlations between significantly altered taxa and clinical parameters, which points out the direction for the development of new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches targeted intestinal microbiota.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome
PubMed: 33681383
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8854969 -
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity May 2022
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Depression; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 35176441
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.009 -
β-Carotene prevents weaning-induced intestinal inflammation by modulating gut microbiota in piglets.Animal Bioscience Jul 2021Weaning is an important stage in the life of young mammals, which is associated with intestinal inflammation, gut microbiota disorders, and even death. β-Carotene...
OBJECTIVE
Weaning is an important stage in the life of young mammals, which is associated with intestinal inflammation, gut microbiota disorders, and even death. β-Carotene displays anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can prevent the development of inflammatory diseases. However, whether β-carotene can affect intestinal microbiota remains unclear.
METHODS
Twenty-four piglets were distributed into four groups: the normal suckling group (Con), the weaning group (WG), the weaning+β-carotene (40 mg/kg) group (LCBC), and the weaning+β-carotene (80 mg/kg) group (HCBC). The serum, jejunum, colon, and faeces were collected separately from each group. The effects of β-carotene on the phenotype, overall structure, and composition of gut microbiota were assessed in weaning piglets.
RESULTS
The results showed that β-carotene improved the growth performance, intestinal morphology and relieved inflammation. Furthermore, β-carotene significantly decreased the species from phyla Bacteroidetes and the genus Prevotella, and Blautia, and increased the species from the phyla Firmicutes and the genera p-75-a5, and Parabacteroides compared to the WG group. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that Prevotella and Blautia were positively correlated, and Parabacteroides and Synergistes were negatively correlated with the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while p-75-a5 showed negative correlation with IL-6 in serum samples from piglets.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that β-carotene could alleviate weaning-induced intestinal inflammation by modulating gut microbiota in piglets. Prevotella may be a potential target of β-carotene in alleviating the weaning-induced intestinal inflammation in piglets.
PubMed: 32054173
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0499 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023To investigate the effect of short-term very-low-calorie restriction (VLCR) on metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and elucidate the molecular mechanism...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
To investigate the effect of short-term very-low-calorie restriction (VLCR) on metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and elucidate the molecular mechanism through analyses on gut microbiota and small-molecule metabolites.
METHODS
Fourteen T2D patients were hospitalized to receive VLCR (300-600 kcal/d) for 9 days. BMI, BP, and HR were taken before and after VLCR. Levels of blood lipids, fasting insulin, FBG, and 2h PBG were assessed. The microbial diversity in feces was detected by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology, and small-molecule metabolites in plasma and feces by untargeted metabolomics technology.
RESULTS
After VLCR, BW, BMI, WC, BP, and levels of FBG and 2h PBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride decreased significantly in T2D patients (<0.05). There was no significant change in the α-diversity of fecal microbiota, but the abundance of increased significantly, and the ratio decreased significantly from 11.79 to 4.20. showed an abundance having increased most prominently after VLCR treatment. Plasma level of amino acid metabolite L-arginine increased significantly. Plasma levels of three lipid metabolites, PC (14:0/20:4 [8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z]), LysoPC (16:1 [9Z]) and LysoPC (18:1 [11Z]), were significantly reduced. Fecal levels of lipid metabolite LysoPC (18:1 [11Z]) and bile acid metabolite glycholic acid were significantly decreased.
CONCLUSION
In T2DM patients, VLCR can considerably reduce body weight and improve glucose and lipid metabolism without causing severe side effects. LysoPC (18:1 [11Z]) and showed the most obvious difference after VLCR, which could be the indicators for VLCR in T2D.
Topics: Humans; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Insulin; Lipids; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38269247
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1289571 -
Nature Metabolism Jan 2023
PubMed: 36653667
DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00740-y