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Genomics & Informatics Sep 2021Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis,...
Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, metagonimiasis, and other parasites. Although S. libertina has ecological, commercial, and clinical importance, its whole-genome has not been reported yet. Here, we revealed the genome of S. libertina through de novo assembly. We assembled the whole-genome of S. libertina and determined its transcriptome for the first time using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. According to the k-mer analysis, the genome size of S. libertina was estimated to be 3.04 Gb. Using RepeatMasker, a total of 53.68% of repeats were identified in the genome assembly. Genome data of S. libertina reported in this study will be useful for identification and conservation of S. libertina in East Asia.
PubMed: 34638179
DOI: 10.5808/gi.21039 -
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese... Feb 2017To analyze the clinical, pathological and radiological characteristics of paragonimiasis in children for accurate diagnosis and therapy. A total of 31 patients with...
To analyze the clinical, pathological and radiological characteristics of paragonimiasis in children for accurate diagnosis and therapy. A total of 31 patients with paragonimiasis treated from 2002 to 2016 were selected, including 17 cases from migrant areas and 14 cases from Wenzhou area. In migrant children group, the serum IgE was significantly higher than that in Wenzhou area group [(2 379±944) IU/mL∶(1 552±1 121) IU/mL, =-2.23, <0.05], and the duration of therapy was remarkable longer [(13.8±6.5) days∶(9.9±3.4) days, =-2.15, <0.05]. Among all cases, 10 showed polyserositis including pleural effusion, ascites and pericardial effusion at different degrees on chest CT scans. Five cases with cerebral paragonimiasis were confirmed by MR imaging. Most of the lesions were located in the parietal lobe with slight low signal on T1WI but high signal on T2WI surrounded by disproportionate edema. Annular enhancement was prominent by Gd-DTPA. Paragonimiasis serum antibody was positive in all cases by ELISA. Pathologic features included formation of irregular lacunae or sinus tracts, presence of paragonimus bodies, and eosinophilic infiltration in the adjacent tissues. Clinical manifestations of paragonimiasis are complex and non-specific in children.In migrant children group, clinical manifestations are diverse, more serious with more complications and difficulties in treatment, while patients in Wenzhou area group have favorable prognosis and less complicated treatment. The early diagnosis and timely treatment should be determined by patient's detailed history, eosinophilic count, radiologic findings and immunological test to avoid serious complications.
Topics: Ascites; Brain Diseases; Child; China; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Paragonimiasis; Parietal Lobe; Pleural Effusion; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Transients and Migrants
PubMed: 28173670
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2017.02.009 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Apr 2023Paragonimiasis is a food-born zoonotic parasitosis caused by Paragonimus spp. Six cases of reemerging paragonimiasis within the Karan hill-tribe near the Thai-Myanmar...
Paragonimiasis is a food-born zoonotic parasitosis caused by Paragonimus spp. Six cases of reemerging paragonimiasis within the Karan hill-tribe near the Thai-Myanmar border were evaluated to review clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, and treatment regimens. All patients tested positive for paragonimiasis eggs and presented with an array of symptoms, including chronic cough, hemoptysis, peripheral eosinophilia, and thoracic radiograph abnormalities. All fully recovered after a 2- to 5-day course of 75 to 80 mg/kg/day praziquantel. We conclude that paragonimiasis should be considered during differential diagnoses to promote early treatment and to prevent misdiagnosis of reemerging or sporadic cases. This applies particularly to endemic regions and high-risk groups known to habitually consume raw or undercooked intermediate or paratenic hosts.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Thailand; Praziquantel; Paragonimus; Hemoptysis
PubMed: 36848893
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0708 -
Oxford Medical Case Reports Nov 2017Paragonimiasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by trematodes of genus . We report case series of paragonimiasis with common symptoms of cough with...
Paragonimiasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by trematodes of genus . We report case series of paragonimiasis with common symptoms of cough with blood tinged sputum, shortness of breath, chest pain with occasional fever, eosinophilia and radiological findings mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis and had taken anti-tubercular drug despite all investigation negative for tuberculosis without improvement. They all had common history of consumption of raw/undercooked crab. There is a local belief in remote villages of Nepal that eating raw crab helps in healing bone fracture and cure jaundice. Microscopic examination of sputum sample revealed the ova of species. All patients were treated with praziquantel and got improved. Pulmonary paragonimiasis is endemic in Southeast Asia including Nepal. So, it has to be differentiated from pulmonary tuberculosis in the patient with symptoms of cough, chest pain and hemoptysis with eosinophilia and having history of consumption of raw/undercooked crabs or crayfish.
PubMed: 29230303
DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omx083 -
International Journal For Parasitology Jan 2022Foodborne diseases are a neglected research area, and despite the existence of many tools for diagnosis and genetic studies, very little is known about the effect of the...
Foodborne diseases are a neglected research area, and despite the existence of many tools for diagnosis and genetic studies, very little is known about the effect of the landscape on the genetic diversity and presence of parasites. One of these foodborne disease is paragonimiasis, caused by trematodes of the genus Paragonimus, which is responsible for a high number of infections in humans and wild animals. The main Paragonimus sp reported in Mesoamerica is Paragonimus mexicanus, yet there are doubts about its correct identification as a unique species throughout the region. This, together with a lack of detailed knowledge about their ecology, evolution and differentiation, may complicate the implementation of control strategies across the Mesoamerican region. We had the goal of delimiting the species of P. mexicanus found throughout Mesoamerica and determining the effect of landscape and geology on the diversity and presence of the parasite. We found support for the delimitation of five genetic groups. The genetic differentiation among these groups was positively affected by elevation and the isolation of river basins, while the parasite's presence was affected negatively only by the presence of human settlements. These results suggest that areas with lower elevation, connected rivers basins, and an absence of human settlements have low genetic differentiation and high P. mexicanus presence, which may increase the risk of Paragonimus infection. These demonstrate the importance of accurate species delimitation and consideration of the effect of landscape on Paragonimus in the proposal of adequate control strategies. However, other landscape variables cannot be discarded, including temperature, rainfall regime, and spatial scale (local, landscape and regional). These additional variables were not explored here, and should be considered in future studies.
Topics: Animals; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Rivers
PubMed: 34371019
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.010 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2021Human gnathostomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Gnathostoma nematode infection. A rapid, reliable, and practical immunoassay, named dot immuno-gold filtration...
Human gnathostomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Gnathostoma nematode infection. A rapid, reliable, and practical immunoassay, named dot immuno-gold filtration assay (DIGFA), was developed to supporting clinical diagnosis of gnathostomiasis. The practical tool detected anti-Gnathostoma-specific IgG4 in human serum using crude extract of third-stage larvae as antigen. The result of the test was shown by anti-human IgG4 monoclonal antibody conjugated colloidal gold. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were both 100% for detection in human sera from patients with gnathostomiasis (13/13) and from healthy negative controls (50/50), respectively. Cross-reactivity with heterogonous serum samples from patients with other helminthiases ranged from 0 (trichinosis, paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cysticercosis) to 25.0% (sparganosis), with an average of 6.3% (7/112). Moreover, specific IgG4 antibodies diminished at 6 months after treatment. This study showed that DIGFA for the detection of specific IgG4 in human sera could be a promising tool for the diagnosis of gnathostomiasis and useful for evaluating therapeutic effects.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Gnathostoma; Gnathostomiasis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Paragonimiasis
PubMed: 34218597
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.257 -
Parasitology May 2018Paragonimiasis is an important infectious disease in Chongqing, China. However, no epidemiological surveys of paragonimiasis have been carried out in Chongqing since it...
Paragonimiasis is an important infectious disease in Chongqing, China. However, no epidemiological surveys of paragonimiasis have been carried out in Chongqing since it became a municipality in 1997. We conducted a retrospective case review of 683 patients who were referred to our laboratory and diagnosed as having paragonimiasis during 2010-2015. Patients were diagnosed with paragonimiasis based on immunodiagnostic tests in addition to clinical and laboratory findings. Patient data extracted from the epidemiologic form were analysed. The majority of patients were distributed on the east side of the Wujiang River, which belongs to the Three Gorges Reservoir region. Consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater crab or crayfish in the family Cambaridae was the main reason for infection. Notably, more than 50·0% of patients were diagnosed between March and July, indicating that serious clinical symptoms only appear approximately 6 months post-infection. Paragonimiasis remains a public health issue in Chongqing, and an epidemiological study of Paragonimus in the Three Gorges region is strongly recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Brachyura; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; Zoonoses
PubMed: 29113601
DOI: 10.1017/S003118201700172X -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Sep 2021Paragonimiasis, lung fluke disease caused by infection with species, is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. The overriding symptoms of infection include chronic cough,...
INTRODUCTION
Paragonimiasis, lung fluke disease caused by infection with species, is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. The overriding symptoms of infection include chronic cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic pain. Extrapulmonary paragonimiasis caused by aberrant parasitic migration is known to occur in a variety of sites such as the brain, abdominal wall, and intraperitoneal cavity. Ectopic paragonimiasis is an uncommon disease that presents with a few clinical manifestations, which makes it difficult to diagnose and treat.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 47-year-old man with an unremarkable medical and surgical history presented with a peritoneal lesion that was discovered incidentally on abdominal computed tomography during routine health screening. The patient did not exhibit any associated symptoms such as abdominal pain. The radiologic diagnosis was a gastric duplication cyst and we performed laparoscopic excision of the peritoneal mass. Histopathological examination revealed paragonimiasis, and the result of the skin test for paragonimiasis was positive. The patient was treated with praziquantel.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
The diagnosis of ectopic peritoneal paragonimiasis remains challenging due to inexperience, misdiagnosis, and its rarity. Clinicians should bear in mind that an intra-abdominal mass may be related to a parasitic infection. The detection of the ova of parasites in sputum and biopsy specimens may be difficult due to an insufficient amount.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians need to thoroughly take the patient's history and clinically suspect parasitic infections. Laparoscopic resection of this rare mass is safe, feasible, and allows for rapid recovery.
PubMed: 34484726
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102754 -
Parasites & Vectors Feb 2020Trichinella spiralis muscle larval (ML) excretion/secretion (ES) antigen is the most widely used diagnostic antigen of trichinellosis, but preparation of ES antigen...
BACKGROUND
Trichinella spiralis muscle larval (ML) excretion/secretion (ES) antigen is the most widely used diagnostic antigen of trichinellosis, but preparation of ES antigen requires collecting worms from infected animals, and detection of specific IgG against ML ES antigen may result in a false negative at the early stage of infection. The aim of the study was to characterize T. spiralis elastase-1 (TsEla) and to evaluate its potential as diagnostic antigen for trichinellosis.
METHODS
The complete cDNA sequences of the TsEla gene were cloned and expressed, and recombinant (rTsEla) was purified. TsEla transcription and expression in different T. spiralis life-cycle stages was investigated by qPCR and western blotting, and its location in the nematodes was evaluated using an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The antigenicity of rTsEla was investigated by western blotting analysis and ELISA. Anti-Trichinella IgG, IgM and IgE of experimentally infected mice and specific IgG antibodies of trichinellosis patients were assayed by rTsEla-ELISA and ES-ELISA.
RESULTS
The results of the qPCR and western blotting showed that TsEla was expressed in various T. spiralis life stages. Natural TsEla was detected in the soluble proteins and ES proteins of different life stages. IFA revealed that TsEla was identified in the whole nematodes of various stages, especially in the cuticle, stichosome and genital primordium of the parasite. Serum anti-Trichinella IgM, IgG and IgE in infected mice was first detected by rTsEla-ELISA at 6, 10 and 12 days post-infection (dpi), and reached 100% at 8, 14 and 14 dpi, respectively. When rTsEla-ELISA and ES-ELISA were used to detect anti-Trichinella IgG in sera of trichinellosis patients, the sensitivity was 97.37% (37/38) and 89.74% (34/38) (P > 0.05), and the specificity was 99.10% (220/222) and 98.20% (218/222), respectively (P > 0.05). The rTsEla cross-reacted with only one serum sample out of 20 samples from paragonimiasis patients and 7 samples from clonorchiasis patients.
CONCLUSIONS
rTsEla is valuable to early diagnosis of trichinellosis and could be an alternative diagnostic antigen to the ML ES antigens.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Antigens, Helminth; Blotting, Western; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Life Cycle Stages; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pancreatic Elastase; Sequence Alignment; Trichinella spiralis; Trichinellosis
PubMed: 32093735
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3981-y -
Pancreas Apr 2024A few pediatric cases of abdominal paragonimiasis have been described. Here we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis with involvement of the pancreas...
A few pediatric cases of abdominal paragonimiasis have been described. Here we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis with involvement of the pancreas in a 9-year-old boy. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological features of pancreatic paragonimiasis in children and raise the awareness of this disease.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Paragonimiasis; Lung; Radiography; Pancreas
PubMed: 38345919
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002307