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Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... Mar 2024To investigate the population distribution of intermediate host snails and crabs of along the Jiulongjiang River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in...
[Investigation of the population diversity of intermediate host snails and crabs of along Jiulong River, Zhangjiang River and Dongxi River basins in southern Fujian Province].
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the population distribution of intermediate host snails and crabs of along the Jiulongjiang River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Bopingling Mountain, southern Fujian Province, so as to provide baseline data for researches on parasitic disease prevention and control and enlargement of samples in the parasitic resource bank.
METHODS
A total of 23 villages in 8 counties (districts) along the Jiulong River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province were selected as survey sites during the period from November 2020 through March 2023, and snail and freshwater crabs were sampled from 1 to 3 streams and ditches neighboring residential areas in each village. Morphological identification of snails was performed according to the external morphological characteristics of collected snail shells, and the unidentified snail species sampled from the natural foci of paragonimiasis in Yunxiao County were subjected to se-quence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 () gene. The crab species was identified by observing the morphological characteristics of the terminal segment of the first pleopod of male crabs, and cercariae and metacercariae were detected in collected snails.
RESULTS
The shells of the unidentified snails sampled from the natural foci of paragonimiasis in Yunxiao County were approximately 50 mm in height and 18 mm in width, thick and solid, long tower cone-shaped, and had 8 to 10 whorls. gene sequence analysis identified the snail species as . A total of 6 freshwater snail species belonging to 5 genera within 3 families, identified 23 survey sites, including , and that belonged to the Family Pleurceridae, and that belonged to the subfamily Triculinae, Family Pomatiopsidae, and (Family Thiaridae), and 11 species of freshwater crabs belonging to 5 genera within 2 families were identified, including genus of , , and , genus of and , genus of and , and genus of and that belonged to the Family Potamidae, and genus of and (Family Parathelphusidae). In addition, the prevalence of cercariae infections was 0.08% (2/2 317) in from Danyan Village in Changtai District and 0.09% (1/1 039) in from Jinkeng Village in Yunxiao County, and the prevalence of metacercariae infections was 25.81% (8/31) in from Danyan Village in Changtai District, and 26.31% (5/19) in from Jinkeng Village in Yunxiao County, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a population diversity in the intermediate host snails and crabs along the Jiulongjiang River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Bopingling Mountain, southern Fujian Province, and and are, for the first time, confirmed as the first intermediate hosts of .
Topics: Humans; Animals; Male; Paragonimus; Brachyura; Paragonimiasis; Rivers; Fresh Water; Gastropoda
PubMed: 38604684
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2023144 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2017An epidemiological study was performed to know the recent infection status of metacercariae (PwMc) in freshwater crayfish, , from 2 streams in Jeollanam-do, Republic of...
An epidemiological study was performed to know the recent infection status of metacercariae (PwMc) in freshwater crayfish, , from 2 streams in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. Crayfish were collected from creeks in Bogil-do (Island), Wando-gun, and in a creek near Daeheung Temple in Haenam-gun. The infection rate of crayfish with PwMc in Bogil-do was 89.8%, and the metacercarial burden was 37 PwMc per the infected crayfish. Crayfish in a creek near Daeheung Temple were larger and twice heavier than those in Bogil-do. Of them, 96.5% were infected with PwMc. An average of 140 metacercariae was found in the infected crayfish, almost quadruple to those of Bogil-do. There was a strong correlation between the number of PwMc and body weight of the crayfish. These results suggest that metacercariae are still prevalent in crayfish of the 2 regions in Jeollanam-do, Korea.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Body Weight; Fresh Water; Incidence; Metacercariae; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 28719962
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.347 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Dec 2016Herein, we report a case of Paragonimus westermani infection, which required differentiation from recurrent lung cancer. A 66-year old Japanese man with a history of...
Herein, we report a case of Paragonimus westermani infection, which required differentiation from recurrent lung cancer. A 66-year old Japanese man with a history of lung cancer who had undergone a lobectomy was referred to our clinic for treatment of cough, sputum, dyspnea, and a right pulmonary nodule. He had previously eaten seafood he visited China. P. westermani infection was confirmed by the presence of antibody against P. westermani antigen in the patient's serum and eggs in his sputum. Eventually, molecular identification by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing confirmed that the patient was infected with triploid forms of P. westermani.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Sputum
PubMed: 27498617
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.07.002 -
International Journal of Infectious... Mar 2023We report a case of pulmonary paragonimiasis diagnosed by transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC). TBLC is likely to be a superior method to transbronchial forceps biopsy...
We report a case of pulmonary paragonimiasis diagnosed by transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC). TBLC is likely to be a superior method to transbronchial forceps biopsy because TBLC can get larger specimens, resulting in a higher chance of containing the eggs. A male patient aged 57 years presented with hemoptysis and dyspnea on exertion. His initial chest computed tomography scans showed a cavitary nodule with a peripheral ground-glass appearance, leading to a prescription of an oral antibiotic, with an initial assumption of pneumonia. A follow-up chest computed tomography, however, revealed an appearance of a new nodule adjacent to the original nodule. TBLC and transbronchial forceps biopsy were done to rule out lung cancer and eventually, the eggs of Paragonimus westermani were found using TBLC. Praziquantel was prescribed, showing improvements in symptoms and chest X-ray findings. TBLC has more potential to be utilized as a diagnostic method than transbronchial forceps biopsy because it has a better chance to confirm pulmonary paragonimiasis, which can be initially suspected as pulmonary tuberculosis or lung cancer.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Lung; Paragonimus westermani; Lung Neoplasms; Thorax; Biopsy; Bronchoscopy
PubMed: 36608785
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.041 -
Helminthologia Sep 2020(), one of 46 species registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, may be much more widely distributed in Southeast Asia than previously...
(), one of 46 species registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, may be much more widely distributed in Southeast Asia than previously thought, as its reported natural foci have increased in the past decades. However, very little is known about its molecular biology, especially at the transcriptome level. For the first time, the transcriptome of this species was sequenced and compared with four other common species, namely , , , and , to predict homologous genes and differentially expressed homologous genes to explore interspecies differences of . A total of 7393 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed. Of these, 49 were considered to be core genes because they were differentially expressed in all four comparison groups. Annotations revealed that these genes were related mainly to "duplication, transcription, or translation", energy or nutrient metabolism, and parasitic growth, proliferation, motility, invasion, adaptation to the host, or virulence. Interestingly, a majority (5601/7393) of the identified genes, and in particular the core genes (48/49), were expressed at lower levels in . The identified genes may play essential roles in the biological differences between species. This work provides fundamental background information for further research into the molecular biology of .
PubMed: 32855607
DOI: 10.2478/helm-2020-0029 -
Lung India : Official Organ of Indian... 2015Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by the genus Paragonimus. Fresh water snails, crabs, and crayfish are the first and second intermediate hosts,...
Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by the genus Paragonimus. Fresh water snails, crabs, and crayfish are the first and second intermediate hosts, respectively. Humans acquire this infection by ingesting uncooked/undercooked crustaceans. Laboratory diagnosis of Paragonimiasis is done by demonstration of ova in the sputum/feces/pleural fluid or by serology. A case of pulmonary Paragonimiasis is presented herewith; the patient having been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis earlier. The aim of this presentation is to highlight this entity so that it is considered in the differential diagnosis in a case of hemoptysis.
PubMed: 25983414
DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.156248 -
Parasitology International Apr 2021We encountered an outbreak of paragonimiasis among Cambodian technical intern trainees (TITs) at a food-processing factory in Fukuoka, Japan. The patients were...
We encountered an outbreak of paragonimiasis among Cambodian technical intern trainees (TITs) at a food-processing factory in Fukuoka, Japan. The patients were 20-28 years old, seven females and two males, who had been in Japan for one to four years. All of them had consumed raw or undercooked Japanese mitten crab they purchased at a local grocery store near their training place. CT images showed multiple lesions not only in the lungs but in the extrapulmonary organs as well, such as subcutaneous tissues, abdominal muscles, and mesentery, in most of the patients. Their medical records indicated that all of them acquired infection in Japan, not in Cambodia. Diagnosis was made serologically and the patients were treated with praziquantel successfully. Foreign workers and TITs are increasing in Japan so rapidly, that food borne-infections, including paragonimiasis, should be considered in people from developing countries who have exotic dietary habits.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cambodia; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Japan; Lung; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Young Adult
PubMed: 33388385
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102279 -
Parasitology Research Dec 2016Cathepsin L is a cysteine protease belonging to the papain family. In parasitic trematodes, cathepsin L plays essential roles in parasite survival and host-parasite...
Cathepsin L is a cysteine protease belonging to the papain family. In parasitic trematodes, cathepsin L plays essential roles in parasite survival and host-parasite interactions. In this study, cathepsin L of the lung fluke Paragonimus pseudoheterotremus (PpsCatL) was identified and its molecular biological and immunological features characterized. A sequence analysis of PpsCatL showed that the gene encodes a 325-amino-acid protein that is most similar to P. westermani cathepsin L. The in silico three-dimensional structure suggests that PpsCatL is a pro-enzyme that becomes active when the propeptide is cleaved. A recombinant pro-PpsCatL lacking the signal peptide (rPpsCatL), with a molecular weight of 35 kDa, was expressed in E. coli and reacted with P. pseudoheterotremus-infected rat sera. The native protein was detected in crude worm antigens and excretory-secretory products and was localized in the cecum and in the lamellae along the intestinal tract of the adult parasite. Enzymatic activity of rPpsCatL showed that the protein could cleave the fluorogenic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC after autocatalysis but was inhibited with E64. The immunodiagnostic potential of the recombinant protein was evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and suggested that rPpsCatL can detect paragonimiasis with high sensitivity and specificity (100 and 95.6 %, respectively). This supports the further development of an rPpsCatL-ELISA as an immunodiagnostic tool.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Base Sequence; Cathepsin L; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Escherichia coli; Female; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sequence Alignment
PubMed: 27562899
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5232-x -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... Mar 2023To establish the method for extracting exogenous short DNA fragments of from urine samples, and to evaluate the efficiency of this method for extraction from urine...
OBJECTIVE
To establish the method for extracting exogenous short DNA fragments of from urine samples, and to evaluate the efficiency of this method for extraction from urine samples treated with various methods.
METHODS
The gene fragment was selected as a target sequence, and the 81 bp short DNA fragment was amplified on the target sequence using PCR assay. Following characterization using sequencing, the short DNA fragment was added into the urine samples as an exogenous short DNA fragment. Primers and probes were designed with as a target gene, to establish the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. The sensitivity of this qPCR assay was evaluated with exogenous short DNA fragments that were diluted at a 1:10 dilution ratio as the DNA template, and the specificity of the qPCR assay was evaluated with the genomic DNA of , and as DNA templates. Exogenous short DNA fragments were added into artificial and healthy volunteers' urine samples, followed by pH adjustment, centrifugation and concentration, and the efficiency of extracting exogenous short DNA fragments from urine samples was compared with the QIAmp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen kit) and BIOG cfDNA easy kit (BIOG kit).
RESULTS
An 81 bp small DNA fragment of was successfully prepared, and the lowest detection limit of the established qPCR assay was 100 copies/μL of the 81 bp small DNA fragment of If the genomic DNA of , and served as DNA templates, the qPCR assay only detected fluorescent signals with genomic DNA as the DNA template. If the pH values of artificial urine samples were adjusted to 5, 6, 7 and 8, the recovery rates were (49.12 ± 2.09)%, (84.52 ± 4.96)%, (89.38 ± 3.32)% and (87.82 ± 3.90)% for extracting the exogenous short DNA fragment of with the Qiagen kit, and were (2.30 ± 0.07)%, (8.11% ± 0.26)%, (13.35 ± 0.61)% and (20.82 ± 0.68)% with the BIOG kit, respectively ( = 38.702, 26.955, 39.042 and 29.571; all values < 0.01). If the Qiagen kit was used for extracting the exogenous short DNA fragment from artificial urine samples, the lowest recovery rate was seen from urine samples with a pH value of 5 (all values < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in the recovery rate from urine samples with pH values of 6, 7 and 8 (all values > 0.05). Following centrifugation of artificial [(64.30 ± 1.00)% vs. (58.87 ± 0.26)%; = 12.033, < 0.05] and healthy volunteers' urine samples [(31 165 ± 1 017) copies/μL vs. (28 471 ± 818) copies/μL; = 23.164, < 0.05]. In addition, concentration of artificial urine samples with the 10 kDa Centrifugal Filter and concentration of healthy volunteers' urine samples with the 100 kDa Centrifugal Filter were both effective to increase the recovery of the Qiagen kit for extracting the exogenous short DNA fragment of (both values < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
A method for extracting exogenous short DNA fragments of from urine samples has been successfully established, and the Qiagen kit has a high extraction efficiency. Adjustment of urine pH to 6 to 8 and concentration of healthy volunteers' urine samples with the 100 kDa Centrifugal Filter are both effective to increase the efficiency of extracting exogenous short DNA fragments of .
Topics: Animals; Humans; Schistosoma japonicum; Sensitivity and Specificity; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Polymerase Chain Reaction; DNA
PubMed: 36974010
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.202262 -
Acta Tropica Dec 2019Paragonimus westermani (P. westermani) is widely spread in Asian countries and is one of the most important causative agents for lung fluke diseases. The prevention and...
Paragonimus westermani (P. westermani) is widely spread in Asian countries and is one of the most important causative agents for lung fluke diseases. The prevention and control of Paragonimiaisis mainly depends on the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeted to a portion of the Ty3/gypsy-like LTR retrotransposon (Rn1) sequence coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) for the rapid detection of P. westermani-specific amplicons. The positive LAMP products were biotin-labeled and hybridized with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled probe which could be visually detected by LFD. No cross-reaction were observed with other parasitic pathogens including Trichinella spiralis, Anisakis simplex, Schistosoma japonicum and Gnathostoma spinigerum, but this LAMP assay could not distinguish P. westermani with Paragonimus skrjabini and Paragonimus heterotremus. The detection limit of the LAMP assay for P. westermani was 2.7 fg/µL, while that of PCR method was 27 fg/µL. LAMP method was applied to detect P. westermani genomic DNA in blood samples form experimental infected dogs, and results showed the parasite was detectable as early as week 2. LAMP-LFD assay applicability was successfully tested in dog blood samples collected from five cities (Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing and Shaoxing) in Zhejiang province. In summary, the established LAMP-LFD assay targeted to the Rn1 sequence is a rapid and convenient method for specific detection of P. westermani.
Topics: Animals; China; DNA Primers; Dogs; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 31542373
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105185