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European Journal of Internal Medicine Sep 2019Paraneoplastic syndromes include, by definition, any symptomatic and non-metastatic condition associated with a neoplasm. Paraneoplastic movement disorders are a... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic syndromes include, by definition, any symptomatic and non-metastatic condition associated with a neoplasm. Paraneoplastic movement disorders are a heterogeneous group of syndromes encompassing both hyperkinetic and hypokinetic conditions, characterized by acute/sub-acute onset, rapidly progressive evolution, and multifocal localizations with several overlapping features. These movement disorders are immune-mediated, as shown by the rapid onset and by the presence of antineuronal antibodies in biological samples of patients, fundamental for the diagnosis. Antineuronal antibodies could be targeted against intracellular or neuronal surface antigens. Paraneoplastic movement disorders associated with anti-neuronal surface antigens antibodies respond more frequently to immunotherapy. The underlying tumors may be different, according to the clinical presentation, age, and gender of patients. Our search considered articles involving human subjects indexed in PubMed. Abstracts were independently reviewed for eligibility criteria by one author and validated by at least one additional author. In this review, we sought to critically reappraise the clinical features and the pathophysiological mechanisms of paraneoplastic movement disorders, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Our main aim is to make clinicians aware of paraneoplastic movement disorders, and to provide assistance in the early diagnosis and management of these rare but life-threatening conditions.
Topics: Algorithms; Humans; Movement Disorders; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System
PubMed: 31200996
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.05.023 -
Skeletal Radiology Mar 2023Rheumatic paraneoplastic syndromes are rare syndromes that occur at distant sites from the underlying tumor and may involve the bones, joints, fasciae, muscles, or... (Review)
Review
Rheumatic paraneoplastic syndromes are rare syndromes that occur at distant sites from the underlying tumor and may involve the bones, joints, fasciae, muscles, or vessels. In the absence of a known tumor, early recognition of a rheumatic syndrome as paraneoplastic permits dedicated work-up for, and potentially early treatment of an occult malignancy. Although there is a continuously growing list of paraneoplastic rheumatic disorders, not all of these disorders have a well-established association with a neoplastic process. The goals of this article are to review the clinical characteristics, diagnostic work-up, and imaging findings of well-documented rheumatic paraneoplastic disorders.
Topics: Humans; Rheumatic Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Neoplasms; Radiologists; Synovitis
PubMed: 35604445
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04074-w -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Jan 2021Paraneoplastic neuropathy (PNS) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by the remote effects of tumors and is presumed to be primarily caused by an immune-mediated mechanism...
Paraneoplastic neuropathy (PNS) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by the remote effects of tumors and is presumed to be primarily caused by an immune-mediated mechanism due to the appearance of anti-neuronal antibodies. In addition to the classical PNS syndromes already established as syndromes, there are an increasing number of reports of PNS that target membrane proteins on the cell surface such as channels. Diagnosing PNS, which often precedes associated tumors, is clinically important because it allows for early detection of tumors and early intervention.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System
PubMed: 33361510
DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416201708 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Oct 2018The aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge of paraneoplastic syndromes involving eyes. The main interest was the immunopathogenesis of the... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge of paraneoplastic syndromes involving eyes. The main interest was the immunopathogenesis of the abovementioned entities. A web search was conducted using Medline, Web of Science and Scopus engines. Key words concerning ocular paraneoplastic syndromes (OPS) such as: "ocular paraneoplastic syndrome", "cancer-associated retinopathy", "cancer-associated cone dysfunction", "melanoma-associated retinopathy", "bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation", and "paraneoplastic optic neuritis" were combined with "immunology", "immune response", "antibodies", or "autoantibodies". Numerous papers were found as a result of "ocular paraneoplastic syndrome" search and many of them matched the chosen criteria. We focused on the most recent papers - published in the last 5 years - and eventually, 92 items were found. Only several papers from each detailed category fulfilled both OPS and immunologic criteria. Site-specific paraneoplastic syndromes still remain a difficult clinical challenge. The immunopathogenesis of some of them seems to be more complex than previously thought.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Eye Neoplasms; Humans; Orbital Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 30289210
DOI: 10.17219/acem/73860 -
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine Feb 2017A variety of conditions mimicking rheumatologic syndromes may be associated with an underlying malignancy. Therefore, distinguishing these syndromes from more common,... (Review)
Review
A variety of conditions mimicking rheumatologic syndromes may be associated with an underlying malignancy. Therefore, distinguishing these syndromes from more common, nonparaneoplastic rheumatologic conditions can be perplexing. Some autoimmune conditions and the medications used for their management can be associated with increased future risk of malignancy. Some cancers can directly involve the musculoskeletal structures, whereas others present with systemic manifestations at sites away from the tumor and its metastases. Better awareness and timely recognition of these associations may lead to earlier cancer detection and hopefully better long-term survival.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 27886699
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2016.08.006 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... 2022Dozens of paraneoplastic syndromes affect the visual system ranging from conjunctival pemphigoid to encephalopathy of the occipital cortex. The most profiled ocular... (Review)
Review
Dozens of paraneoplastic syndromes affect the visual system ranging from conjunctival pemphigoid to encephalopathy of the occipital cortex. The most profiled ocular syndromes are bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) and the autoimmune retinopathies. To review the critical features of these 2 entities then concentrate on advancements in treatment made within the last 10 years. Literature review with structured data abstraction. Major insights into pathogenesis have been wanting. Plasmapheresis appears to improve vision in a substantial proportion of patients with BDUMP. The number of clinical variables that influence visual outcome in paraneoplastic retinopathies combined with the variety of local and systemic treatment options makes interpretation of clinical effectiveness difficult. The rarity of these disorders makes randomized clinical trials unlikely. It may be time for a clinical professional organization to use a modified Delphi method to establish a consensus algorithm for the diagnosis and management of retinal paraneoplastic syndromes to augment clinical communications and clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular; Autoimmune Diseases; Retinal Diseases; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 36473045
DOI: 10.1177/10732748221144458 -
Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Jan 2018Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare but can have enormous clinical impact on diagnosis and outcome of neoplastic diseases. The rheumatologist should be familiar with a few... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare but can have enormous clinical impact on diagnosis and outcome of neoplastic diseases. The rheumatologist should be familiar with a few typical musculoskeletal manifestations of malignancies to be able to diagnose them early for a timely initiation of anti-tumour therapies. This review describes the characteristic features of various paraneoplastic arthritides and vasculitides, cancer-associated myositis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and tumour-induced osteomalacia. In addition, the current knowledge about underlying pathomechanisms of these syndromes is discussed.
Topics: Autoimmunity; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 28736272
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.07.021 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2024Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from the transformation of neuroendocrine cells in several organs, most notably the... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from the transformation of neuroendocrine cells in several organs, most notably the gastro-entero-pancreatic system and respiratory tract. The classification was recently revised in the 5th Edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. NENs can rarely spread to the central or peripheral nervous systems. Neurologic involvement is determined by the rare development of paraneoplastic syndromes, which are remote effects of cancer. Mechanisms depend on immunologic response to a tumor, leading to the immune attack on the nervous system or the production of biologically active ("functioning") substances, which can determine humoral (endocrine) effects with neurologic manifestations. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are immunologically mediated and frequently detected in small cell lung cancer but rarely seen in other forms of NEN. PNS and Merkel cell carcinoma is increasingly reported, especially with Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Endocrine manifestations are found in a wide spectrum of NENs. They can develop at any stage of the diseases and determine neurologic manifestations. Patient outcomes are influenced by tumor prognosis, neurologic complications, and the severity of endocrine effects.
Topics: Humans; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome; Nervous System Diseases; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 38494292
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00023-2 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Aug 2014The overall prognosis for most pediatric cancers is good. Mortality for all childhood cancers combined is approximately half what it was in 1975, and the survival rates... (Review)
Review
The overall prognosis for most pediatric cancers is good. Mortality for all childhood cancers combined is approximately half what it was in 1975, and the survival rates of many malignancies continue to improve. However, the incidence of childhood cancer is significant and the related emergencies that develop acutely carry significant morbidity and mortality. Emergency providers who can identify and manage oncologic emergencies can contribute significantly to an improved prognosis. Effective care of pediatric malignancies requires an age-appropriate approach to patients and compassionate understanding of family dynamics.
Topics: Child; Emergencies; Humans; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Pediatrics
PubMed: 25060248
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2014.04.005 -
Current Rheumatology Reviews 2017The rheumatologic manifestations of hematologic neoplasms are a collection of diverse syndromes. This review aims to describe the most common syndromes in the context of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The rheumatologic manifestations of hematologic neoplasms are a collection of diverse syndromes. This review aims to describe the most common syndromes in the context of potential mechanisms of pathogenesis.
METHODS
We undertook a structured search of the available peer-reviewed literature describing paraneoplastic phenomena associated with hematologic neoplasms and the most current literature on the biology of inflammation and neoplasm.
RESULTS
This review describes the common rheumatologic manifestations and discusses their possible underlying pathogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
This review describes common clinical features of paraneoplastic phenomena prevalent in hematologic malignancies that may help differentiate them from primary rheumatologic disease and discusses the most current understanding of underlying pathogenesis with a specific focus on the biology of inflammation in neoplastic transformation.
Topics: Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 27527358
DOI: 10.2174/1573397112666160815125148