-
Psychiatry Research Dec 2018Insight has long been linked to both prognosis and functioning in patients with schizophrenia; likewise, it is key to treatment adherence. This study seeks to assess the...
Insight has long been linked to both prognosis and functioning in patients with schizophrenia; likewise, it is key to treatment adherence. This study seeks to assess the association between insight, adherence to pharmacological treatment, and disability in schizophrenia, and to study the potential mediating role of adherence between insight and disability. Insight (SUMD), adherence (CRS), and disability (WHO-DAS) were measured in 80 clinically stable patients with DSM-IV TR paranoid schizophrenia. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). In a first step, predictors of disability were identified using linear regression to identify variables related to disability and further a mediation analysis was carried out. Negative symptoms, insight, and adherence account for 54.2% of the variance in disability. Negative symptoms act directly on disability, while the effect of insight on disability is partially mediated by adherence. Insight is key in disability in schizophrenia and should be leveraged in treatment programs.
Topics: Adult; Awareness; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 30278408
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.021 -
Psychodynamic Psychiatry 2019Several studies have stressed the relevance of family environment in the course of schizophrenia and the perception of the pathology by both the subjects and family...
Several studies have stressed the relevance of family environment in the course of schizophrenia and the perception of the pathology by both the subjects and family members. The objective of the current qualitative study consisted in the development of a grounded theory (GT) regarding narcissism and the family dynamics of subjects diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five subjects in a state psychiatric hospital in the urban catchment area of Lisbon and their respective families. A diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia had previously been established according to DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 criteria. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the GT methodology, in order to identify the latent processes. A basic social process of narcissistic equilibrium was identified as a way to protect personal and familial identity, where three main processes were found: splitting, detachment and projective identification. These processes were developed as a tentative solution for the existing narcissistic impairments in the self and/or family, occurring both in an intrapsychic dimension and on a transactional dimension within family relationships.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Family; Female; Grounded Theory; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Narcissism; Projection; Psychoanalytic Theory; Qualitative Research; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Young Adult
PubMed: 31913789
DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2019.47.4.373 -
Psychological Reports Aug 2020The recognition of facial signals has a crucial role in social interaction. It is well known that people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia have problems in the...
The recognition of facial signals has a crucial role in social interaction. It is well known that people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia have problems in the social domain, predominantly related to misinterpreting the intentions, emotions, and actions of others. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in facial emotion recognition between people with paranoid schizophrenia and healthy controls. In addition, we examined the correlation between facial emotion recognition and the expression of persecutory ideation in people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. The study involved 60 participants, 30 of whom suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls, equalized by gender, age, and education. The following instruments were used: Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion and Neutral Faces and the Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire. Compared with the controls, people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia were significantly less accurate in recognizing the following emotions: surprise, contempt, sadness, disgust, and emotionally neutral faces. Since the attribution of emotions to emotionally neutral faces is an important finding that could be linked with the social (dis)functionality of people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, we analyzed and compared the wrong answers given by the two groups and found some differences between them. The results show that persecutory ideation has a statistically significant negative correlation with the successful recognition of emotionally neutral faces. All of the findings lead to the conclusion that paranoid schizophrenia, and within it the existence of persecutory ideation, leads to problems in recognizing the basic facial signals that form the foundation of everyday social interaction.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Emotions; Facial Expression; Facial Recognition; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Young Adult
PubMed: 31092137
DOI: 10.1177/0033294119849016 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2017Delusion is central to the conceptualization, definition, and identification of schizophrenia. However, in current classifications, the presence of delusions is neither... (Review)
Review
Delusion is central to the conceptualization, definition, and identification of schizophrenia. However, in current classifications, the presence of delusions is neither necessary nor sufficient for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, nor is it sufficient to exclude the diagnosis of some other psychiatric conditions. Partly as a consequence of these classification rules, it is possible for delusions to exist transdiagnostically. In this article, we evaluate the extent to which this happens, and in what ways the characteristics of delusions vary according to diagnostic context. We were able to examine their presence and form in delusional disorder, affective disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder, and dementia, in all of which they have an appreciable presence. There is some evidence that the mechanisms of delusion formation are, at least to an extent, shared across these disorders. This transdiagnostic extension of delusions is an argument for targeting them therapeutically in their own right. However there is a dearth of research to enable the rational transdiagnostic deployment of either pharmacological or psychological treatments.
Topics: Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Borderline Personality Disorder; Comorbidity; Delusions; Dementia; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 28399309
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw191 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Feb 2019
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Coercion; Humans; Informed Consent; Involuntary Treatment; Mental Disorders; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 30754946
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0553 -
The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal... Feb 2021Delusions are irrational, tenacious, and incorrigible false beliefs that are the most common symptom of a range of brain disorders including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's,... (Review)
Review
Delusions are irrational, tenacious, and incorrigible false beliefs that are the most common symptom of a range of brain disorders including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. In the case of schizophrenia and other primary delusional disorders, their appearance is often how the disorder is first detected and can be sufficient for diagnosis. At this time, not much is known about the brain dysfunctions leading to delusions, and hindering our understanding is that the complexity of the nature of delusions, and their very unique relevance to the human experience has hampered elucidation of their underlying neurobiology using either patients or animal models. Advances in neuroimaging along with improved psychiatric and cognitive modeling offers us a new opportunity to look with more investigative power into the deluded brain. In this article, based on data obtained from neuroimaging studies, we have attempted to draw a picture of the neural networks involved when delusion is present and evaluate whether different manifestations of delusions engage different regions of the brain.
Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Connectome; Delusions; Humans; Nerve Net; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Ventral Striatum
PubMed: 32648532
DOI: 10.1177/1073858420936172 -
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria 2016Fratricide is the killing of one's own bother. It's a type of homicide rarely seen on psychiatric practice. This is still a theme which is poorly studied, and not well...
BACKGROUND
Fratricide is the killing of one's own bother. It's a type of homicide rarely seen on psychiatric practice. This is still a theme which is poorly studied, and not well understood by the scientific literature.
OBJECTIVE
To report a case of a men, with paranoid schizophrenia that murdered his own bother and had a psychiatric forensic evaluation to establish his penal responsibility.
METHODS
A psychiatric interview was carried out and the psychiatric diagnosis was established based on the interview and analysis of forensic and medical records, using the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Literature review was held about the theme.
RESULTS
The examinee was considered not guilty by reason of insanity, due to the presence of a mental disorder that affected her entire understanding and volition of the practiced act.
CONCLUSIONS
The study of such cases may illustrate and identify motivating factors related to homicidal behavior in individuals with severe mental disorders.
Topics: Brazil; Homicide; Humans; Insanity Defense; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 27132763
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2015.09.002 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Apr 2020
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 30753633
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz006 -
Psychiatria Danubina 2023Misattribution of motivational salience to non-salient (neutral) stimuli could be viewed as a hallmark of psychosis in schizophrenia. Studies have recently revealed...
BACKGROUND
Misattribution of motivational salience to non-salient (neutral) stimuli could be viewed as a hallmark of psychosis in schizophrenia. Studies have recently revealed increased subjective experience of emotional arousal (EA) to neutral social stimuli in paranoid schizophrenia psychosis, suggesting a misattribution of emotional salience to them. We examined this phenomenon directly by quantifying the level of EA subjectively attributed to low-arousal, neutral-valenced faces.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Patients with remitted schizophrenia (PG) (n=26), first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients (RG) (n=25), and healthy controls (HCG) (n=36) were compared in terms of oxidative stress parameters -serum Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Nitrite, Nitrate, Malondialdehyde, and Total Glutathione levels-, social cognition measured by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and working memory measured by the N-back Task. Groups were compared, assuming that HCG had a genetically lower risk of schizophrenia compared to PG and RG.
RESULTS
HCG performed significantly better than PG and RG, who were genetically at high risk, in terms of social cognition (respectively p=0.000, p=0.014), working memory (respectively p=0.001, p=0.003), and had statistically lower Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) level than the PG and RG (both p:0.000). After controlling for the effect of the general intellectual abilities measured by the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test and working memory the differences between groups on the Eyes Test disappeared (p=0.057). However, this value tended to be significant.
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that social cognition and working memory and GPx level may be used as endophenotypes and social cognition, working memory, and general intellectual skills are different but strongly related constructs. Endophenotypes guide treatment targets even after the disease has developed. The results of our study showed that in addition to psychopharmacological treatments, interventions to reduce oxidative stress and approaches to improve cognitive skills will have a positive impact on the disease's progression.
Topics: Humans; Social Cognition; Psychotic Disorders; Cognition; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione Peroxidase; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 37992097
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2023.523 -
Gene Mar 2016Non-coding RNAs are emerging as regulatory RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression and play vital roles in various biological and pathological... (Review)
Review
Non-coding RNAs are emerging as regulatory RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression and play vital roles in various biological and pathological processes. Long non-coding (lncRNA) is a novel class of non-coding RNAs that regulates gene expression by binding to chromatin regulators and interfering RNAs to affect cellular response. Myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) is identified as lncRNAs, which is involved in various diseases, pathological and physiological processes, such as myocardial infarction, diabetic retinopathy, paranoid schizophrenia, microvascular dysfunction and formation of nuclear bodies, and neurogenic commitment. Here we review the growing understanding and potential utilization of MIAT.
Topics: Chromatin; Diabetic Retinopathy; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; RNA Interference; RNA, Long Noncoding; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 26707210
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.032