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Journal of Forensic Sciences May 2019Paraquat poisoning usually results from suicide, occupational, or accidental exposure. Herein, we report a rare fatal case of homicidal paraquat poisoning. A 58-year-old...
Paraquat poisoning usually results from suicide, occupational, or accidental exposure. Herein, we report a rare fatal case of homicidal paraquat poisoning. A 58-year-old man was poisoned by taking paraquat-mixed medicine and wearing paraquat-soaked underwear. In the absence of a history of paraquat exposure, the patient was misdiagnosed with pulmonary infection and scrotal dermatitis and died of respiratory failure 24 days after the initial exposure to paraquat. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was applied to detect and quantify paraquat in postmortem specimens. The concentration of paraquat in postmortem specimens from high to low is lung (0.49 μg/g), brain (0.32 μg/g), kidney (0.24 μg/g), liver (0.20 μg/g), cardiac blood (0.11 μg/mL), and stomach wall (
paraquat poisoning is not easy for a clinician or a forensic pathologist, it is important to consider the possibility of paraquat poisoning when patients suffer from rapidly aggravating pneumonia of unknown origin. Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Clothing; Dermatitis; Diagnostic Errors; Herbicides; Homicide; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Paraquat; Pneumonia; Respiratory Insufficiency; Stomach; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 30452771
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13945 -
The Journal of the Association of... Apr 2023
Topics: Paraquat
PubMed: 37355800
DOI: No ID Found -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Oct 2020
Topics: Humans; Paraquat
PubMed: 31995221
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa009 -
BMJ Case Reports Nov 2021
Topics: Humans; Paraquat; Poisoning
PubMed: 34764128
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246585 -
Toxicology in Vitro : An International... Oct 2023Paraquat (PQ) is an environmentally friendly and efficient herbicide, but PQ misuse or intentional self-use can cause death through multiple organ damage and can cause...
Paraquat (PQ) is an environmentally friendly and efficient herbicide, but PQ misuse or intentional self-use can cause death through multiple organ damage and can cause acute lung injury. Existing clinical treatments alleviate symptoms but do not significantly improve the mortality rate. Ferroptosis is a type of necrosis that presents in a manner very similar to the cell damage induced by high doses of PQ, but the role of ferroptosis in paraquat-induced lung injury remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis in PQ-induced A549 cell injury and identify the potential mechanisms and critical sites of protection against PQ-induced A549 injury by ferroptosis inhibitors. We found that the ferroptosis inhibitors Ferr-1 and Lip-1 inhibit ferroptosis by attenuating oxidative stress through the upregulation of NRF2 gene expression. The protective role of the ferroptosis inhibitor Dfo was most evident in paraquat-induced cell injury. Dfo inhibited ferroptosis by iron chelation and promoted NRF2 protein level reduction. NRF2 attenuated PQ-induced ferroptosis in A549 cells, mainly through the upregulation of SLC40A1 to encourage the movement of iron to the extracellular side to alleviate iron overload, and the upregulation of SLC7A11 to promote the expression of GPX4 to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Topics: Paraquat; Ferroptosis; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Herbicides; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 37507096
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105655 -
Neurochemical Research Aug 2022Paraquat is a polar herbicide protecting plant products against invasive species, it requires careful manipulation and restricted usage because of its harmful...
Paraquat is a polar herbicide protecting plant products against invasive species, it requires careful manipulation and restricted usage because of its harmful potentials. Exposure to paraquat triggers oxidative damage in dopaminergic neurons and subsequently causes a behavioral defect in vivo. Thereby, persistent exposure to paraquat is known to increase Parkinson's disease risk by dysregulating dopaminergic systems in humans. Therefore, most studies have focused on the dopaminergic systems to elucidate the neurotoxicological mechanism of paraquat poisoning, and more comprehensive neurochemistry including histaminergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic systems has remained unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the toxicological potential of paraquat poisoning using a variety of approaches such as toxicokinetic profiles, behavioral effects, neural activity, and broad-spectrum neurochemistry in zebrafish larvae after short-term exposure to paraquat and we performed the molecular modeling approach. Our results showed that paraquat was slowly absorbed in the brain of zebrafish after oral administration of paraquat. In addition, paraquat toxicity resulted in behavioral impairments, namely, reduced motor activity and led to abnormal neural activities in zebrafish larvae. This locomotor deficit came with a dysregulation of dopamine synthesis induced by the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity, which was also indirectly confirmed by molecular modeling studies. Furthermore, short-term exposure to paraquat also caused simultaneous dysregulation of other neurochemistry including cholinergic and serotonergic systems in zebrafish larvae. The present study suggests that this neurotoxicological profiling could be a useful tool for understanding the brain neurochemistry of neurotoxic agents that might be a potential risk to human and environmental health.
Topics: Animals; Cholinergic Agents; Dopamine; Herbicides; Humans; Larva; Paraquat; Zebrafish
PubMed: 35562624
DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03615-y -
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology :... Jul 2016
Topics: Humans; Male; Paraquat; Pneumothorax; Subcutaneous Emphysema; Tongue; Tongue Diseases
PubMed: 27435617
DOI: 10.1007/s12664-016-0673-9 -
Archives of Environmental &... 2019To reconcile and unify available results regarding paraquat exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
To reconcile and unify available results regarding paraquat exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a quantitative estimate of the risk of PD associated with paraquat exposure. Six scientific databases including PubMed, Cochrane libraries, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and TOXLINE were systematically searched. The overall odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. Of 7,309 articles identified, 13 case control studies with 3,231 patients and 4,901 controls were included into our analysis. Whereas, one prospective cohort studies was included into our systematic review. A subsequent meta-analysis showed an association between PD and paraquat exposure (odds ratio = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.27-2.13; = 24.8%). There is a statistically significant association between paraquat exposure and PD. Thus, future studies regarding paraquat and Parkinson's disease are warranted.
Topics: Environmental Exposure; Humans; Occupational Exposure; Odds Ratio; Paraquat; Parkinson Disease; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30474499
DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1492894 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences May 2022The incidence of paraquat poisoning has significantly decreased with the addition of odorizer and emetics to the liquid concentrate. Paraquat poisonings are usually...
The incidence of paraquat poisoning has significantly decreased with the addition of odorizer and emetics to the liquid concentrate. Paraquat poisonings are usually attributed to suicidal and accidental or occupational exposure. Here, we report an unusual fatal case of homicidal paraquat poisoning. An intoxicated, a 37-year-old man consumed a mixture of white wine and paraquat prepared by his wife. This resulted in intermittent vomiting, which he attributed to being intoxicated. The man was admitted to the hospital for treatment 3 days later. Due to the lack of knowledge of paraquat exposure, the man did not receive effective treatment and died of respiratory failure 22 days later. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to detect paraquat in 16 postmortem specimens: kidney (1.31 ug/g), urine (0.91 ug/ml), liver (0.62 ug/g), lung (0.39 ug/g), muscle (0.35 ug/g), bile (0.32 ug/ml), heart (0.28 ug/g), brain (0.22 ug/g), pancreas (0.22 ug/g), spleen (0.18 ug/g), cardiac blood (0.15 ug/ml), cerebrospinal fluid (0.14 ug/ml), pericardial effusion (0.12 ug/ml), pleural effusion (0.09 ug/ml), peripheral blood (0.08 ug/ml), and vitreous humor (0.06 ug/ml). The highest concentration of paraquat was detected in the kidney followed by the urine in all tissues and body fluids. At present, although the cases of paraquat poisoning have decreased, the high mortality rate resulting from its irreversible lung damage and respiratory failure makes paraquat poisoning, especially occult paraquat poisoning, still needs to be carefully identified in forensic practice and clinical diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Liver; Male; Paraquat; Poisoning; Poisons; Respiratory Insufficiency; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35005788
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14968 -
Life Sciences Oct 2023Pulmonary fibrosis seriously affects the health and life quality of patients. Exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its effect...
AIMS
Pulmonary fibrosis seriously affects the health and life quality of patients. Exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its effect on pulmonary fibrosis is unclear. In this study, the effect and mechanism of exercise on pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat were detected.
MAIN METHODS
Three data sets were retrieved from GEO data. The biological significance of DEGs generation was determined by GO, KEGG, GSEA, and PPI. Thirty male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and exercise group. H&E staining, Masson staining, Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to explore the results. The levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, and GSH in lung tissue were analyzed with detection kits. The levels of inflammatory factors in serum and BALF were measured by ELISA.
KEY FINDINGS
Compared with the control group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrotic lesions were increased in the model group. Compared with the model group, voluntary wheel-running reducing the EMT of alveolar epithelial cells, the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the level of oxidative distress. Moreover, compared to model group, the serum IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ were increased, while the serum CXCL1 were decreased, while the levels of CXCL1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were decreased in exercise group.
SIGNIFICANCE
Voluntary wheel-running reduced inflammatory infiltration and upregulated the expression of antioxidative distress proteins, further to improve the degree of EMT, and ultimately alleviated paraquat induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Interleukin-10; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Paraquat; Antioxidants
PubMed: 37666388
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122066