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Surgical Neurology International 2022Calvarial bone thinning is a rare clinical entity, with only several cases reported (including Gorham-Stout disease), but the cause is often unknown. Here, we report...
BACKGROUND
Calvarial bone thinning is a rare clinical entity, with only several cases reported (including Gorham-Stout disease), but the cause is often unknown. Here, we report such a case of unilateral calvarial thinning with an unknown cause.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 77-year-old woman undergoing imaging examination for unruptured cerebral aneurysms for the past several years noticed a progressive cranial deformity. Computed tomography revealed progressive thinning of the right parietal bone and cranial deformity but laboratory tests showed no causative findings. A cranioplasty was performed to protect the brain and confirm the pathology. Grossly, pigmentation and deformity were observed on the outer plate of the bone but the inner plate was intact. Pathological examination revealed preserved bone cells and no necrosis. In addition, there were no findings of vascular hyperplasia or malignancy. It appeared that localized osteoporosis had occurred, mainly in the outer plate of the bone, but the cause was unclear.
CONCLUSION
Progressive focal calvarial thinning is rarely reported and the mechanism in this case was unknown. It is important to determine the cause of the bone thinning to evaluate the need for surgical intervention from the viewpoint of brain protection and prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
PubMed: 36447892
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_789_2022 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Jul 2016Cranial bone thickness varies among modern humans, and many factors influencing this variability remain unclear. Growth hormones and physical activity are thought to...
Cranial bone thickness varies among modern humans, and many factors influencing this variability remain unclear. Growth hormones and physical activity are thought to influence the vault thickness. Considering that both systemic factors and energy supply influence the vascular system, and taking into account the structural and biomechanical interaction between endocranial vessels and vault bones, in this study we evaluate the correlation between vascular and bone diameters. In particular, we tested the relationship between the thickness of the parietal bone (which is characterized, in modern humans, by a complex vascular network) and the lumen size of the middle meningeal and diploic vessels, in adult modern humans. Our results show no patent correlation between the thickness of parietal bone and the size of the main vascular channels. Values and distributions of the branching patterns, as well as anatomical relationships between vessels and bones, are also described in order to provide information concerning the arrangement of the endocranial vascular morphology. This information is relevant in both evolutionary and medical contexts. Anat Rec, 299:888-896, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Adult; Biological Evolution; Cerebral Arteries; Female; Fossils; Humans; Male; Parietal Bone; Skull
PubMed: 27072555
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23348 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences Mar 2020Although fractures occur in various bones, including long, short, and flat bones, fracture repair investigations focus on the diaphysis of the long bone. The cell...
OBJECTIVES
Although fractures occur in various bones, including long, short, and flat bones, fracture repair investigations focus on the diaphysis of the long bone. The cell composition, osteogenic capacity, and bone matrix differ among osteogenesis patterns. However, the differences in the bone repair process have not been studied. Here, we compared the bone repair processes in the parietal bone and scapula of adolescent mice.
METHODS
Bone apertures were created in the parietal bone and scapula. Samples were collected at indicated times after surgery, and the repair process was analyzed using micro-computed tomography, histological, immunohistochemical, and mRNA expression analyses.
RESULTS
In both repair processes, cartilage formation was not detected on the periosteum side. The parietal bone aperture was gradually filled with newly formed bone produced from the edge of the aperture by day 14 but was not completely repaired even by day 49. In the scapula, a bony callus was detected on the periosteum at day 7, and the aperture was bridged by day 14. Subsequently, the bony callus was remodeled to the original bone architecture. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin synthesis occurred earlier in the repair region of the scapular periosteum, compared with that in the parietal periosteum. The mRNA expression of osteogenic markers in the periosteum was markedly upregulated in the scapula versus the parietal bone.
CONCLUSION
Our study findings clarify the differences between parietal bone and scapula repair and suggest that the bone repair process differs among ossification patterns.
Topics: Animals; Bony Callus; Fracture Healing; Mice; Osteogenesis; Periosteum; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 32084542
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.01.007 -
PloS One 2016Using morphological, histological, and TEM analyses of the cranium, we provide a detailed description of bone and suture growth in zebrafish. Based on expression...
Using morphological, histological, and TEM analyses of the cranium, we provide a detailed description of bone and suture growth in zebrafish. Based on expression patterns and localization, we identified osteoblasts at different degrees of maturation. Our data confirm that, unlike in humans, zebrafish cranial sutures maintain lifelong patency to sustain skull growth. The cranial vault develops in a coordinated manner resulting in a structure that protects the brain. The zebrafish cranial roof parallels that of higher vertebrates and contains five major bones: one pair of frontal bones, one pair of parietal bones, and the supraoccipital bone. Parietal and frontal bones are formed by intramembranous ossification within a layer of mesenchyme positioned between the dermal mesenchyme and meninges surrounding the brain. The supraoccipital bone has an endochondral origin. Cranial bones are separated by connective tissue with a distinctive architecture of osteogenic cells and collagen fibrils. Here we show RNA in situ hybridization for col1a1a, col2a1a, col10a1, bglap/osteocalcin, fgfr1a, fgfr1b, fgfr2, fgfr3, foxq1, twist2, twist3, runx2a, runx2b, sp7/osterix, and spp1/ osteopontin, indicating that the expression of genes involved in suture development in mammals is preserved in zebrafish. We also present methods for examining the cranium and its sutures, which permit the study of the mechanisms involved in suture patency as well as their pathological obliteration. The model we develop has implications for the study of human disorders, including craniosynostosis, which affects 1 in 2,500 live births.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits; Cranial Sutures; Frontal Bone; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; Occipital Bone; Osteoblasts; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Osteopontin; Parietal Bone; Protein Isoforms; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; Sp7 Transcription Factor; Transcription Factors; Twist Transcription Factors; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins
PubMed: 27829009
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165775 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2022The aim: Estimate the prevalence of the parietal foramen in the adult human skulls of Ukrainian origin, and study its morphology and relationships to main anatomical... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The aim: Estimate the prevalence of the parietal foramen in the adult human skulls of Ukrainian origin, and study its morphology and relationships to main anatomical landmarks of the skull.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study of PF was conducted with 42 random cadaveric adult human skull roofs (calvaria) collected from the laboratory and museum of Human Anatomy Department, Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine. The patency and the length of the PF canal were determined, and PF external/internal diameters and the distance to the calvarial landmarks from PF were measured using the caliper. Mean and standard deviation were calculated to compare with the existing data.
RESULTS
Results: In the present study 85.7% (n = 36) of the calvaria had the PF, 54.8% (n = 23) had bilateral location of PF, 30.9% (n = 13) had unilateral presence of PF (right side: 23.8%, n=10 and left side: 7.1%, n=3), and 14.3 % (n = 6) demonstrated bilateral absence of PF.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: An anatomical variation in parietal foramen is not uncommon, and the differences can be based on multiple factors like geography and race. It is important to have detailed information on anatomical variations in different population groups to facilitate surgical and radiological interventions.
Topics: Adult; Cadaver; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Museums; Sphenoid Bone; Ukraine
PubMed: 35962674
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202207106 -
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural... Oct 2019In patients with meningiomas, the presence of skull invasion is known to be a predictor of aggressive clinical behavior, which may negatively influence patient outcomes....
In patients with meningiomas, the presence of skull invasion is known to be a predictor of aggressive clinical behavior, which may negatively influence patient outcomes. In the present report, we discuss a case of fibrous meningioma with skull invasion. A 42-year-old woman was referred to our department presenting with hyperostosis in the right parietal bone. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement revealed prominent enhancement of the intraosseous lesion and dura mater. Following the removal of the tumor body and bone lesion, we performed immunohistochemical staining for osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase- 2 (MMP2), and integrin β-1 (CD29). The tumor body was immunoreactive for OPN and CD29, but not MMP2, whereas, the bone lesion was immunoreactive for all the three antigens. The present case suggests that OPN, MMP2, and CD29 play key regulatory roles in bone invasion.
PubMed: 31831993
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3399600 -
American Journal of Primatology Jan 2021Parietal external surface disruption routinely referred to as porotic hyperostosis, and orbital alterations (cribra orbitalia), have been attributed to anemia-related...
Parietal external surface disruption routinely referred to as porotic hyperostosis, and orbital alterations (cribra orbitalia), have been attributed to anemia-related bone marrow hyperplasia in humans. A recent study in humans identified that they were actually vascular in nature. Skeletons were examined and epi-illumination surface microscopy was performed on the parietal region and orbit of 156 Hominidae and 123 Hylobotidae to assess if these phenomena were trans-phylogenetic. Trans-cortical channels were recognized on the basis of visualized ectocranial surface defects penetrating the parietal; cribra orbitalia, by alteration of the normally smooth orbital roof appearance. Trans-cortical parietal channels, ranging in size from 20 to 100 µm, are rare in Gorilla and Pan troglodytes and absent in Pan paniscus. They are universally present in adult Pongo abeli and in Hylobatidae, independent of species. Cribra orbitalia was common in Hylobotidae, Pongo pygmaeus and P. abelii, less prevalent in adult P. troglodytes, and not recognized in any Gorilla gorilla or P. paniscus examined. The proliferative form predominated, with the exception of Hylobates concolor and muelleri, in which uncalcified vascular grooves predominated. No correlation was observed between the presence of either trans-cortical channels or cribra orbitalia and fractures, osteoarthritis, or inflammatory arthritis. Parietal alterations observed in apes are trans-cortical channels, analogous to those observed in humans, and do not represent porosity. Similarly, cribra orbitalia in apes is confirmed as vascular in nature. The proliferative form apparently represents calcification of blood vessel walls, indistinguishable from observations in humans. Predominant presence in adults rather than in juveniles suggests that both forms are acquired rather than developmental in derivation. Sex and bone alteration/disease-independence suggests that mechanical, endocrine, and inflammatory phenomena do not contribute to the development of either. Further, independent occurrence of trans-cortical channels and cribra orbitalia suggests that they do not have a shared etiology.
Topics: Anemia; Animals; Ape Diseases; Female; Hominidae; Hylobatidae; Male; Orbit; Parietal Bone; Phylogeny; Species Specificity
PubMed: 33347652
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23227 -
Cureus May 2024Parietal bone hemangiomas represent a minority of diagnosed brain tumors. These lesions require careful management under anesthesia due to their vascularity and cranial...
Parietal bone hemangiomas represent a minority of diagnosed brain tumors. These lesions require careful management under anesthesia due to their vascularity and cranial location. We discuss a 31-year-old female with chronic headaches who underwent surgery for the removal of a large parietal bone hemangioma, necessitating considerations for stable hemodynamics, intracranial pressure (ICP), and bleeding risks. There is no standard anesthetic for these cases, so a mixed anesthetic approach was used, combining intravenous anesthesia with sevoflurane, aimed at optimizing control during the procedure.
PubMed: 38860097
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60098 -
Skull Fracture Patterns and Morphologies Among Fatal Motorcycle Traffic Accident Victims in Vietnam.The American Journal of Forensic... Mar 2021We aim to describe morphological structures of skull fractures and relevant factors in motorcycle accident victims in Vietnam. This work represents a retrospective...
We aim to describe morphological structures of skull fractures and relevant factors in motorcycle accident victims in Vietnam. This work represents a retrospective cross-sectional study based on forensic reports of fatal motorcycle accident victims. Between January 2013 and August 2019, a total of 226 fatal motorcycle accident patients with skull fracture diagnoses were enrolled. Linear and depressed fractures were the common patterns (46.0% and 37.2% of cases, respectively), whereas stellate (11.5%) fractures were rare. Fractures of the temporal bone (68.6% of cases) and basilar skull (60.6%) were the most common, whereas fractures of the parietal bone were the least common (9.7%). Two or more patterns of skull fracture were recorded in 25.5% of cases, and 2 or more fracture locations were recorded in 76.6% of cases. Fractures of the parietal bone were associated with victims not wearing a helmet. In addition, fractures of the basilar skull were more likely to occur among victims with alcohol consumption. We found the common pattern of skull fractures was linear and depressed fractures, and the common location of skull fractures was temporal and basilar bone. Further studies that include larger sample sizes and collect more information should be conducted to better understand relationships between skull fractures and related factors.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fractures, Multiple; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motorcycles; Retrospective Studies; Skull Fractures; Vietnam; Young Adult
PubMed: 33074839
DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000627 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2021The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical features encountered in the parietal foramen in a series of 178 human bones and 123 head MRI examinations. A... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical features encountered in the parietal foramen in a series of 178 human bones and 123 head MRI examinations. A cadaveric specimen was also dissected to demonstrate the trajectory of a superficial scalp vein through the parietal foramen as far as the dura mater. A literature review was performed regarding prevalence of parietal foramen in different populations.
METHODS
Totally, 178 paired adult bones were used to investigate the presence, shape and number of the parietal foramina. In addition, 123 brain MRI examinations were also studied.
RESULTS
The parietal foramina were encountered in 75/89 (84.3%) skulls [32/38 (84.2%) in women vs. 43/51 (84.3%) in men, p > 0.05]. The parietal foramen was present bilaterally in 44.73% of females and 54.9% of males. Regarding unilaterality of the parietal foramen, a right or left laterality was observed in female 21% right versus 18% left; and 16% versus 14% (left) in males (p > 0.05). The accessory parietal foramen was present in the right parietal in 2.6% and in 7.9% on the left side of the females, while 5.9% and 3.9% of the males on the right or left sides, respectively. The parietal foramina located in the proximity of the sagittal suture (male 7.1 ± 2.5 mm vs. female, 7.4 ± 2.7 mm). There was a positive correlation between the right and left parietal foramina regarding the distance from the median line. The distance from a foramen to the contralateral one was 16 ± 4 mm in men and 18 ± 5 mm in women, respectively (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
No major differences were encountered between sexes regarding the anatomical features of parietal foramen.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anatomic Variation; Cadaver; Dissection; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Bone; Prevalence; Scalp; Veins; Young Adult
PubMed: 33399919
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02650-0