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Turkish Neurosurgery 2021To compare two synthetic graft materials, TachoComb®, a fibrin sealant composed of collagen, fibrinogen, thrombin and aprotinin and TissuDura®, a collagen-based...
AIM
To compare two synthetic graft materials, TachoComb®, a fibrin sealant composed of collagen, fibrinogen, thrombin and aprotinin and TissuDura®, a collagen-based biomatrix.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Thirty Sprague?Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with 10 animals in each group. A dural defect was created on the left parietal bone of each animal, and the dural defect was repaired using either TachoComb® (TachoComb group) or TissuDura® (TissuDura group). Sham animals did not receive any dural graft. After 21 days of follow-up, the brain was dissected, and inflammation, oedema, gliosis and foreign body reaction in the bone and parenchymal tissue were investigated histopathologically.
RESULTS
The TachoComb group showed significantly greater inflammation, gliosis and parenchymal foreign body reaction compared with the sham group. By contrast, the TissuDura group had significantly lower gliosis and insignificantly less inflammation in the bone and parenchymal foreign body reaction compared with the TachoComb group.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our results suggest that TissuDura® may be considered more biocompatible than TachoComb® in duraplasty.
Topics: Animals; Aprotinin; Drug Combinations; Fibrinogen; Hemostasis, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thrombin
PubMed: 33978197
DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.30444-20.2 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Feb 2024Bone defects caused by cancer resection often require postoperative radiotherapy. Although various synthetic polymers have been introduced as graft materials, their...
Bone defects caused by cancer resection often require postoperative radiotherapy. Although various synthetic polymers have been introduced as graft materials, their biological behavior after radiation exposure remains unclear. Here, we investigated how polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) implants respond to therapeutic radiation exposure (in terms of volume and bone regeneration). Four 8 mm diameter calvaria defects were surgically created on the parietal bone of 6 rabbits. PCL/HA implants made of porous, solid, and hybrid polymers were grafted by random placement in each defect. The fourth defect was left untreated. Four weeks after surgery, radiation exposure was conducted weekly for 6 weeks (total: 48 Gy). Micro-computed tomography and histologic analysis were performed at 3 and 6 months, and 6 months postradiation, respectively. The total augmented volumes of all implants showed no significant differences between 3- and 6-months postradiation computed tomography images. In histologic analysis, new bone areas were 0.45±0.11 mm2, 2.02±0.34 mm2, and 3.60±0.77 mm2 in solid, hybrid, and porous polymer grafts, respectively. Bone regeneration was limited to the periphery of the defect in the hybrid and porous polymer grafts, whereas new bone formed inside the porous implant. The total augmented volume of the defect was maintained without significant absorption even after radiation exposure. The PCL/HA implant maintained its structure despite radiation exposure. The porous PCL/HA implant demonstrated excellent bone regeneration, followed by the hybrid and solid implants. The PCL/HA implant is a promising candidate for bone defect reconstruction.
PubMed: 38299842
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009985 -
Folia Morphologica 2023Detailed morphometric data concentrating on the development of primary ossification centres in human fetuses is critical for the early detection of developmental...
BACKGROUND
Detailed morphometric data concentrating on the development of primary ossification centres in human fetuses is critical for the early detection of developmental defects. Thus, an understanding of the growth and development of the parietal bone is crucial in assessing both the normal and pathological development of the calvaria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The size of the parietal primary ossification centre in 37 spontaneously aborted human fetuses of both sexes (16 males and 21 females) aged 18-30 weeks was studied by means of computed tomography, digital-image analysis and statistics.
RESULTS
The numerical data of the parietal primary ossification centre in the human fetus displays neither sex nor laterality differences. With relation to fetal age in weeks, the parietal primary ossification centre grew in sagittal diameter according to the quadratic function: y = 16.322 + 0.0347 × (age)² ± 1.323 (R² = 0.96), in projection surface area according to the cubic function: y = 284.1895 + 0.051 × × (age)³ ± 0.490, while in both coronal diameter and volume according to the quartic functions: y = 21.746 + 0.000025 × (age)⁴ ± 1.256 and y = 296.984 + + 0.001 × (age)⁴, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The obtained morphometric data of the parietal primary ossification centre may be considered age-specific references, and so may contribute to the estimation of gestational ages and be useful in the diagnostics of congenital cranial defects.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Fetal Development; Parietal Bone; Osteogenesis; Fetus; Gestational Age
PubMed: 35239181
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0020 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Feb 2019Bone specimens were collected from the frontal and parietal bones of 4 adult, human skulls. The microstructure was characterized using microcomputed tomography...
Bone specimens were collected from the frontal and parietal bones of 4 adult, human skulls. The microstructure was characterized using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) at about 6-μm resolution to map the change of porosity as a function of the depth, P(d), from the inner surface nearest to the brain to the outer surface nearest to the skin. A quantifiable method was developed using the measured P(d) to objectively distinguish between the three layers of the skull: the outer table, diploë , and inner table. The thickness and average porosity of each of the layers were then calculated from the measured porosity distributions, and a Gaussian function was fit to the P(d) curves. Morphological parameters were compared between the two bone types (frontal and parietal), while accounting for skull-to-skull variability. Parietal bones generally had a larger diploë accompanied by a thinner inner table. The arrangement of the porous vesicular structure within the outer table was also obtained with micro-CT scans with longer scan times, using enhanced parameters for higher resolution and lower noise in the images. From these scans, the porous structure of the bone appeared to be randomly arranged in the transverse plane, compared to the porous structure of the human femur, which is aligned in the loading direction.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomechanical Phenomena; Frontal Bone; Humans; Parietal Bone; Porosity; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 30530225
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.035 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022trauma is on the rise in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) due to rapid urbanization and motorization, posing increased risks of traumatic maxillofacial and brain...
INTRODUCTION
trauma is on the rise in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) due to rapid urbanization and motorization, posing increased risks of traumatic maxillofacial and brain injuries. Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with these injuries, this study aimed to measure the prevalence and associated factors of brain injury among head injury trauma patients.
METHODS
a cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Khalid hospital and Prince Sultan Centre for Healthcare in Al-Kharj City and the Al Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital in Al-Kharj City in the KSA. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was performed to ascertain clinical factors associated with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
RESULTS
we included 109 participants aged median 25 and IQR (18-35) years 26.95 ± 14.73 years. Most participants were males (92.7%, n = 101) and 68% (n = 75) had Saudi nationality. About 47.7% (n = 52) had maxillofacial/skull fractures and 44% (n = 48) had TBI. Participants in the age group of 31-40 years experienced a greater risk of TBI than those in the age group of 10 or less years (aOR: 6.2, CI = 1.1p = 0.041). Participants with parietal bone fractures (aOR = 23.1, CI = 3.0 - 181.3, p = 0.003) and frontal bone fractures (aOR = 19.1, CI = 1.7 - 217.0, p = 0.017) were more likely to have TBI compared to those with other skull and facial fractures.
CONCLUSION
fractures of parietal and frontal bones are associated with a higher risk of TBI in the KSA. Patients with TBI following road accidents with fractures of the frontal or parietal bones, particularly those in the 31-40 age group should therefore be treated with strong suspicion of underlying traumatic brain injury.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Adult; Child; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Saudi Arabia; Brain Injuries; Skull Fractures; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Frontal Bone; Maxillofacial Injuries; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36942138
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.193.36283 -
Forensic Science International Feb 2022Radiocarbon analysis with reference to the modern bomb-curve was conducted using 68 bone samples of a vertebral body, femoral diaphysis, occipital bone, and parietal...
Radiocarbon analysis with reference to the modern bomb-curve was conducted using 68 bone samples of a vertebral body, femoral diaphysis, occipital bone, and parietal bone of 17 adults from Brazil. All individuals were born in 1963, thus analysis focused on the correlation with atmospheric values during the more recent, falling portion of the curve. Ages at death ranged from 43 to 54 years with representation of both sexes. Lag time (difference between the actual death date and the year of correspondence of the radiocarbon value with the curve) was evaluated for each individual and each tissue. The mean of the lag time values was 20.2 years, and the median was 22.0 years. The femur had the highest lag time median (29.5 years) among the bone groups, followed by the occipital (25.5 years), parietal (23.5 years) and the vertebra (8.0 years). The same pattern was observed for both sexes, but females tended to have lower lag time values than males. Different tissues presented considerable variation in lag time with vertebral bodies the least and the femoral diaphysis the greatest. These data suggest that individual age at death and the associated lag time must be considered in estimating the approximate death date. The lag time values for vertebral bodies were lower and with less variability in comparison with values for the occipital, parietal, and femur indicating greater consistency of that bone group for time since death estimation in the studied sample.
Topics: Adult; Bombs; Bone and Bones; Brazil; Female; Femur; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Spine
PubMed: 34942417
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111143 -
Forensic Science International Jul 2015The aim of this study was to assess the mechanical properties and thickness of adult frontal and parietal bones. The heads of 114 Japanese cadavers (78 male cadavers and...
The aim of this study was to assess the mechanical properties and thickness of adult frontal and parietal bones. The heads of 114 Japanese cadavers (78 male cadavers and 36 female cadavers) of known age and sex were used. A total of 912 cranial samples, 8 from each skull, were collected. Samples were imaged using multidetector computed tomography to measure sample thickness. The fracture load of each sample was measured using a bending test with calculation of flexural strength. Statistical analyses demonstrated no significant bilateral difference in either the mechanical properties or thickness of frontal or parietal bones. The mechanical properties and thicknesses of frontal bones were significantly greater than those of parietal bones regardless of sex. Therefore, the skull may have a great ability to resist frontal impacts compared with parietal impacts. In female samples, parietal bones were found to have a more uniform structure when compared with male samples. Male parietal bones were found to be thicker at medial sites than at lateral sites. This study also revealed parietal bones at lateral sites in female samples were thicker than in male samples. No strong association was observed between age and flexural strength of frontal or parietal bones. However, the fracture load was negatively correlated with age most likely due to the reduction of thickness.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Forensic Anthropology; Frontal Bone; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Parietal Bone; Sex Characteristics; Skull Fractures
PubMed: 25998720
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.029 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2021Intradiploic epidermoid cyst is an uncommon, benign, slow growing neoplasm that occurs between two tables of cranial bones and constitute 0.4% of all cranial epidermoid....
Intradiploic epidermoid cyst is an uncommon, benign, slow growing neoplasm that occurs between two tables of cranial bones and constitute 0.4% of all cranial epidermoid. It usually occurs due to the entrapped ectodermal embyronal remnants within the skull bones or rarely secondary to trauma. Pre-operative diagnosis on the basis of radiologic investigations is difficult. Complete surgically excision is usually required in order to prevent complications like super infection, intracranial rupture with pneumocephalus and rarely malignant degeneration. We are presenting a case of incompletely resected and chronically infected intradiploic epidermoid cyst of right parietal bone operated inadvertently by a general surgeon elsewhere without doing any radiological investigations.
Topics: Epidermal Cyst; Humans; Male; Skull
PubMed: 34137560
DOI: No ID Found -
The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration.International Journal of Implant... May 2021This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone...
BACKGROUND
This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability.
METHODS
Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery.
RESULTS
The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Chitosan; Durapatite; Female; Male; Osteogenesis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 34027572
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00327-w -
Revista de Neurologia Apr 2015Growing skull fracture, also known as post-traumatic bone absorption or leptomeningeal cyst, is a rare complication of traumatic brain injuries and occurs almost... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Growing skull fracture, also known as post-traumatic bone absorption or leptomeningeal cyst, is a rare complication of traumatic brain injuries and occurs almost exclusively in children under 3 years of age.
CASE REPORT
We report the case of a 6-month-old child who presented, two months after an apparently unimportant traumatic skull injury, persistence of left temporoparietooccipital cephalohaematoma with no other signs. A transfontanellar ultrasonography scan revealed a bone defect with brain herniation, and computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also confirmed the existence of a growing fracture. Excision of the leptomeningeal cyst, dural closure and repair of the bone defect with plates and lactate material were performed. Three months after the operation, the patient still presented collection of fluid and recurrence of the growing fracture was confirmed. Following the second operation, a baby helmet was fitted in order to prevent renewed recurrences. One year after the traumatic injury occurred, the patient remains asymptomatic.
CONCLUSIONS
Any child under 3 years of age with a post-traumatic cephalohaematoma should be checked periodically until the full resolution of the collection of fluid, especially if they present a fractured skull. The presence of a cephalohaematoma that remains more than two weeks after traumatic brain injury must make us suspect a growing fracture and reparation of the dura mater and a cranioplasty will be needed to treat it. The use of resorbable material allows it to be remodelled as the patient's skull grows, but its fragility increases the risk of recurrence. The use of a baby helmet after the operation could prevent complications.
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Accidental Falls; Arachnoid Cysts; Craniocerebral Trauma; Disease Progression; Dura Mater; Encephalocele; Head Protective Devices; Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Occipital Bone; Parietal Bone; Prostheses and Implants; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Recurrence; Skull Fractures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25857859
DOI: No ID Found