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Intervirology 2022Cross-species transmission of viral diseases alarms our global community for its potential of novel pandemic events. Of various viral pathogens noted recently,...
Cross-species transmission of viral diseases alarms our global community for its potential of novel pandemic events. Of various viral pathogens noted recently, parvoviruses have posed public health threats not only to humans but also to wild animals. To investigate the prevalence of parvoviruses in wild Manchurian chipmunks, here we detected genetic fragments of the nonstructural protein of parvovirus by polymerase chain reaction in wild Manchurian chipmunk specimens captured in the central and southern regions of South Korea and compared their sequence homology with references. Of a total of 348 specimens examined, chipmunk parvovirus (ChpPV)-specific gene fragments were detected with a 31.32% rate (109 chipmunks of 348) in their kidney, liver, lung, and spleen samples, and the chipmunks captured in Gangwon Province exhibited the highest positive rate (45.37%), followed by Gyeongsang (35.29%), Gyeonggi (31.03%), Chungcheong (20.00%), and Jeolla (19.70%). When compared with the reference sequences, a partial ChpPV sequence showed 97.70% identity to the previously reported Korean strain at the nucleic acid level. In the phylogenetic analysis, ChpPV exhibited closer relationship to primate parvoviruses, erythroviruses, and bovine parvovirus than to adeno-associated viruses. Despite limited sample size and genetic sequences examined in this study, our results underline the prevalence of ChpPV in Korea and emphasize the need of close surveillance of parvoviruses in wild animals.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Sciuridae
PubMed: 34695823
DOI: 10.1159/000520388 -
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Sep 2022Some parvoviruses of carnivorans can infect multiple host species. Since many canine parvoviruses were only discovered recently, their host-range is still unexplored. We...
Some parvoviruses of carnivorans can infect multiple host species. Since many canine parvoviruses were only discovered recently, their host-range is still unexplored. We examined the host distribution and diversity of five dog parvoviruses in four canine populations from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and investigated the potential for these viruses to cross the species barriers. Canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2) and the minute virus of canines were detected in stool from free-roaming dogs from Labrador (5/48 [10.4%] and 3/48 [6.3%], respectively) and two different CBoV-2 variants were identified. Canine bufavirus was identified in stool from free-roaming dogs (1/48, 2.1%) and foxes (3/80, 3.8%) from Labrador, but two different variants were observed in the two host species. The variant found in foxes was highly divergent from previously identified strains. Two cachavirus 1 variants, genetically similar to those circulating in other Canadian wildlife, were found in spleens from Newfoundland coyotes (3/87, 3.5%). Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was found in stool from free-roaming dogs from Labrador (2/48, 4.2%) and in spleens from Newfoundland coyotes (3/87, 3.5%). Comparing CPV-2 sequences from these hosts to those retrieved from local symptomatic domestic dogs revealed the presence of a highly heterogeneous viral population as detected strains belonged to five different clades. The close relationship between CPV-2a strains from a dog and a coyote suggests the occurrence of viral transfer between wild and domestic canids. The identification of highly related strains with a similar molecular signature characteristic of older CPV-2 strains in free-roaming and domestic dogs suggests a probable common ancestry and that older CPV-2 strains, which have not been identified in dogs since the 1990s, persist in this part of Canada. Follow-up studies should evaluate samples from a larger number of animals and host species to extensively investigate the possible occurrence of cross-species transmission for recently discovered parvoviruses.
Topics: Animals; Canada; Coyotes; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Foxes; Newfoundland and Labrador; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Parvovirus, Canine; Phylogeny
PubMed: 35689408
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14620 -
Viruses Oct 2021Nested PCRs with circovirus/cyclovirus pan- (replicase gene) primers detected eukaryotic circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viruses in three (samples...
Nested PCRs with circovirus/cyclovirus pan- (replicase gene) primers detected eukaryotic circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viruses in three (samples CN9E, CN16E and CN34) of 18 canine parvovirus-2-positive fecal samples from household dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis on the Caribbean island of Nevis. The complete genomes of CRESS DNA virus CN9E, CN16E and CN34 were determined by inverse nested PCRs. Based on (i) genome organization, (ii) location of the putative origin of replication, (iii) pairwise genome-wide sequence identities, (iv) the presence of conserved motifs in the putative replication-associated protein (Rep) and the arginine-rich region in the amino terminus of the putative capsid protein (Cp) and (v) a phylogenetic analysis, CN9E, CN16E and CN34 were classified as cycloviruses. Canine-associated cycloviruses CN16E and CN34 were closely related to each other and shared low genome-wide nucleotide (59.642-59.704%), deduced Rep (35.018-35.379%) and Cp (26.601%) amino acid sequence identities with CN9E. All the three canine-associated cycloviruses shared < 80% genome-wide pairwise nucleotide sequence identities with cycloviruses from other animals/environmental samples, constituting two novel species (CN9E and CN16E/34) within the genus . Considering the feeding habits of dogs, we could not determine whether the cycloviruses were of dietary origin or infected the host. Interestingly, the CN9E putative Rep-encoding open reading frame was found to use the invertebrate mitochondrial genetic code with an alternative initiation codon (ATA) for translation, corroborating the hypothesis that cycloviruses are actually arthropod-infecting viruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and complete genome analysis of cycloviruses from domestic dogs.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Capsid Proteins; Circoviridae; DNA Viruses; DNA, Viral; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Genome, Viral; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Open Reading Frames; Parvovirus, Canine; Phylogeny; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 34834961
DOI: 10.3390/v13112155 -
Journal of Virological Methods Apr 2019This study reports the findings of a high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis combined with PCR technique (PCR-HRM) to differentiate between Muscovy duck parvovirus...
This study reports the findings of a high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis combined with PCR technique (PCR-HRM) to differentiate between Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV). A degenerate primer set was designed based on the VP3 gene of MDPV and GPV. The PCR HRM assay was able to discriminate between MDPVs and GPVs by differences in melting curve shapes and melting temperatures. A total of forty-five clinical samples, passaged in the allantoic cavity of Muscovy duck eggs, were detected by the PCR-HRM assay. Among the 12 positive samples, two were identified as MDPV and two as GPV with high genotype confidence percentage (GCP) values. Seven positive samples had low GCP values for the melting curve analysis and were identified as co-infection samples. One of the 12 positive samples, designed GDNX strain, was identified as a variant strain with a divergent melting curve profile. To assess the capability of PCR-HRM assay to distinguish MDPV and GPV, fifty-two field samples were collected and examined. Seven samples were positive for MDPV and/or GPV. Thus, this developed assay was useful for discrimination of MDPVs and GPVs and can also be suitable for detecting co-infection samples.
Topics: Animals; Capsid Proteins; Geese; Genotype; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirinae; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Transition Temperature
PubMed: 30638587
DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.12.018 -
Self-Assembly of Porcine Parvovirus Virus-like Particles and Their Application in Serological Assay.Viruses Aug 2022Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is widely prevalent in pig farms. PPV is closely related to porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and porcine circovirus disease (PCVD),...
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is widely prevalent in pig farms. PPV is closely related to porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and porcine circovirus disease (PCVD), which seriously threatens the healthy development of the pig industry. Although commercial antibody detection kits are available, they are expensive and unsuitable for large-scale clinical practice. Here, a soluble VP2 protein of PPV is efficiently expressed in the expression system. The VP2 protein can be self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro. After multiple steps of chromatography purification, PPV-VLPs with a purity of about 95% were obtained. An indirect, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), comparable to a commercial PPV kit, was developed based on the purified PPV-VLPs and was used to detect 487 clinical pig serum samples. The results showed that the I-ELISA is a simple, cost-effective, and efficient method for the diagnosis of clinical pig serum and plasma samples. In summary, high-purity, tag-free PPV-VLPs were prepared, and the established VLP-based I-ELISA is of great significance for the sero-monitoring of antibodies against PPV.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Capsid Proteins; Circovirus; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Escherichia coli; Parvovirus, Porcine; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 36016450
DOI: 10.3390/v14081828 -
Journal of Virology Mar 2019Parvovirus-derived endogenous viral elements (EVEs) have been found in the genomes of many different animal species, resulting from integration events that may have...
Parvovirus-derived endogenous viral elements (EVEs) have been found in the genomes of many different animal species, resulting from integration events that may have occurred from more than 50 million years ago to much more recently. Here, we further investigate the properties of autonomous parvovirus EVEs and describe their relationships to contemporary viruses. While we did not find any intact capsid protein open reading frames in the integrated viral sequences, we examined three EVEs that were repaired to form full-length sequences with relatively few changes. These sequences were found in the genomes of (brown rat), (Algerian mouse), and (wood mouse). The sequence was not present in the genomes of the closely related species , , , and , indicating that it was less than 2 million years old, and the and sequences were not found in the published genomes of other mouse species, also indicating relatively recent insertions. The VP2 sequence assembled into capsids, which had high thermal stability, bound the sialic acid -acetylneuraminic acid, and entered murine L cells. The 3.89-Å structure of the virus-like particles (VLPs), determined using cryo-electron microscopy, showed similarities to rodent and porcine parvovirus capsids. The repaired VP2 sequences from and did not assemble as first prepared, but chimeras combining capsid surface loops from with canine parvovirus assembled, allowing some of that capsid's structures and functions to be examined. Parvovirus endogenous viral elements (EVEs) that have been incorporated into the genomes of different animals represent remnants of the DNA sequences of ancient viruses that infected the ancestors of those animals millions of years ago, but we know little about their properties or how they differ from currently circulating parvoviruses. By expressing the capsid proteins of different parvovirus EVEs that were found integrated into the genomes of three different rodents, we can examine their structures and functions. A VP2 (major capsid protein) EVE sequence from a mouse genome assembled into capsids that had a similar structure and biophysical properties to extant parvoviruses and also bound sialic acids and entered rodent cells. Chimeras formed from combinations of canine parvovirus and portions of the parvovirus sequences from the brown rat genome allowed us to examine the structures and functions of the surface loops of that EVE capsid.
Topics: Animals; Capsid; Capsid Proteins; Cats; Cell Line; Dogs; Genome; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Mice; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Rats; Rodentia; Sf9 Cells; Swine
PubMed: 30626673
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01542-18 -
Archives of Virology Jul 2021Recently, a novel duck-origin goose parvovirus (N-GPV) was reported to cause short beak and dwarfism syndrome in ducks. In this study, we performed complete genome...
Recently, a novel duck-origin goose parvovirus (N-GPV) was reported to cause short beak and dwarfism syndrome in ducks. In this study, we performed complete genome sequencing and analyzed three different duck-derived parvoviruses that infected different breeds of ducks. Phylogenetic trees based on gene sequences indicated that they were classical goose parvovirus (C-GPV), Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), and N-GPV. Furthermore, potential recombination events were found. These results improve our understanding of the diversity of duck-derived parvoviruses in Anhui province, eastern China, and provide a reference for the prevention of associated diseases.
Topics: Animals; Beak; China; Ducks; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirinae; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34080052
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05110-1 -
Viruses Jul 2021Since its first discovery by Arnold Theiler in 1918, serum hepatitis also known as Theiler's disease has been reported worldwide, causing idiopathic acute hepatitis and...
Since its first discovery by Arnold Theiler in 1918, serum hepatitis also known as Theiler's disease has been reported worldwide, causing idiopathic acute hepatitis and liver failure in horses. Recent studies have suggested a novel parvovirus, named equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H), to be associated with Theiler's disease. Despite the severity and potential fatality of EqPV-H infection, little is known about the possibility of developing chronic infections and putative cross-species infection of equine sister species. In the present longitudinal study, we employed qPCR analysis, serology, and biochemical testing as well as pathology examination of liver biopsies and sequence analysis to investigate potential chronic EqPV-H infection in an isolated study cohort of in total 124 horses from Germany over five years (2013-2018). Importantly, our data suggest that EqPV-H viremia can become chronic in infected horses that do not show biochemical and pathological signs of liver disease. Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood model also confirms high sequence similarity and nucleotide conservation of the multidomain nuclear phosphoprotein NS1 sequences from equine serum samples collected between 2013-2018. Moreover, by examining human, zebra, and donkey sera for the presence of EqPV-H DNA and VP1 capsid protein antibodies, we found evidence for cross-species infection in donkey, but not to human and zebra. In conclusion, this study provides proof for the occurrence of persistent EqPV-H infection in asymptomatic horses and cross-species EqPV-H detection in donkeys.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Cohort Studies; DNA, Viral; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Horse Diseases; Horses; Liver; Longitudinal Studies; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Persistent Infection; Phylogeny; Viremia
PubMed: 34452320
DOI: 10.3390/v13081454 -
Comparative Medicine Dec 2022Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV), the etiology of murine inclusion body nephropathy, has been identified globally in mice used for research, with an estimated prevalence...
Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV), the etiology of murine inclusion body nephropathy, has been identified globally in mice used for research, with an estimated prevalence of 10% in academic colonies. In immunodeficient strains, MKPV causes significant morbidity and mortality, and severe renal pathology. In contrast, in immunocompetent mice, the infection is subclinical and causes minimal pathology. We investigated viral infectivity and shedding in inbred C57BL/6NCrl (B6), outbred Crl:CD1(ICR) (CD1), and highly immunocompromised NOD. Cg /SzJ (NSG) mice. Four doses, ranging from 1.16 × 10 3 to 1.16 × 10 6 viral copies per microliter, of an MKPV inoculum were administered oronasally to 3 mice per dose per mouse type. All 3 types (B6, CD1, and NSG) had persistent infection with prolonged shedding in urine and feces. Viral copy number in the urine generally increased over time, while shedding in the feces was more variable. Among the 3 populations, CD1 mice developed viral shedding in urine earliest (4 wk after inoculation) and at higher levels (greater than 1 × 10 7 viral copies per microliter). B6 mice become viruric later (7 wk after inoculation), with lesser virus shed (1 × 10 6 viral copies per microliter or less). In CD1 and B6 mice, peak urine shedding occurred at 11 to 14 wk after inoculation, after which levels gradually declined until 35 wk after inoculation (study endpoint). In contrast, NSG mice did not become viruric until 10 wk after inoculation and continued to shed large amounts of virus (greater than 1 × 10 viral copies per microliter) in urine until the study endpoint. Two commercial immunofluorescent serologic assays failed to detect serum antibodies to MKPV nonstructural protein 1 as late as 58 wk after inoculation, whereas immunohistochemistry of infected renal tissue successfully detected anti-MKPV serum antibodies. These results increase our knowledge of the biology of MKPV and have practical application for development of effective screening programs for this pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Kidney; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Virus Shedding
PubMed: 36744512
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000066 -
Archives of Virology Dec 2023Feline panleukopenia, caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), has been studied worldwide, but there have been very few studies conducted in Vietnam. In this study, 19 rectal...
Feline panleukopenia, caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), has been studied worldwide, but there have been very few studies conducted in Vietnam. In this study, 19 rectal swab samples were collected from northern Vietnam in 2018-2019 and screened for the presence of FPV using PCR. Through sequence analysis of the full-length VP2 gene, it was found that the FPV strains detected in Vietnam were closely related to those obtained from dogs in Vietnam, Asia, Europe, and America. Moreover, the FPV strains found in Vietnam may constitute a distinct group, related to viruses sampled in China. Interestingly, most of the nucleotide changes identified were T-C substitutions.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Dogs; Feline Panleukopenia Virus; Parvovirus, Canine; Parvoviridae Infections; Vietnam; Genetic Variation
PubMed: 38102389
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05946-9