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Practical Neurology Dec 2021
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Ossification, Heterotopic; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 34389645
DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-002949 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2015Eagle's Syndrome (ES) refers to a symptomatic anomaly due to elongation of the styloid process or mineralization of the styloid complex. If not diagnosed timely and...
Eagle's Syndrome (ES) refers to a symptomatic anomaly due to elongation of the styloid process or mineralization of the styloid complex. If not diagnosed timely and treated properly, elongation of the styloid process or the hyper-mineralization of the stylohyoid ligament may eventually lead to complete ossification of the stylohyoid complex. Non-specific head and neck symptoms of the ES may pose diagnostic challenges to the clinician. Therefore it is crucial to include ES among differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with similar head and neck symptoms. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment plan should be tailored in accordance with the individual requirements of the case and performed without delay. Both pharmacological and surgical methods have been described for the treatment of the patients with ES. However for those who suffer from persistent symptoms, surgical removal of the elongated styloid process is the treatment of choice and can be done with an intraoral or an extraoral approach. The aim of this work is to present unusual clinical symptoms and radiologic findings of ES due to complete ossification of the stylohyoid complex. The importance of a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment are highlighted.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ossification, Heterotopic; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 25537830
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0599-4 -
Radiology and Oncology Sep 2019Background Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is a common condition referring to ectopic bone formation in soft tissues. It has two major etiologies, acquired (more common)... (Review)
Review
Background Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is a common condition referring to ectopic bone formation in soft tissues. It has two major etiologies, acquired (more common) and genetic. The acquired form is closely related to tissue trauma. The exact pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear; however, there is ongoing research in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments that is promising. Conclusions Due to HO potential to cause disability, it is so important to differentiate it from other causes in order to establish the best possible management.
Topics: Calcinosis; Chondrocalcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Fractures, Avulsion; Gout; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myositis Ossificans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteosarcoma; Radiography; Tendinopathy; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31553710
DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0039 -
The Orthopedic Clinics of North America Jan 2017Better understanding of the biology of heterotopic ossification (HO) formation will lead to treatment and prevention modalities that can be directed specifically at the... (Review)
Review
Better understanding of the biology of heterotopic ossification (HO) formation will lead to treatment and prevention modalities that can be directed specifically at the cellular level. Early identification of HO precursor cells and target genes may provide prognostic value that guides individualized prophylactic treatment. Better understanding of molecular signaling and proteomics variability will allow surgeons to individualize preemptive treatment to suppress inflammation and formation of HO. Careful surgical technique to avoid muscle damage is important. Damaged muscle should be debrided as a prophylactic measure. Hemostasis and avoidance of a postoperative hematoma may decrease the chance of formation of HO.
Topics: Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Risk Factors; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 27886681
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2016.08.009 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Mar 2022To review and evaluate the research progress of traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review and evaluate the research progress of traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO).
METHODS
The domestic and foreign related research literature on traumatic HO was widely consulted, and its etiology, pathogenesis, pathological progress, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment were summarized.
RESULTS
Traumatic HO is often caused by severe trauma such as joint operation, explosion injury, nerve injury, and burn. At present, it is widely believed that the occurrence of traumatic HO is closely related to inflammation and hypoxia. Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and surgery are the main methods to prevent and treat traumatic HO.
CONCLUSION
Nowadays, the pathogenesis of traumatic HO is still unclear, the efficiency of relevant prevention and treatment measures is low, and there is a lack of specific treatment method. In the future, it is necessary to further study the pathogenesis of traumatic HO and find specific prevention and treatment targets.
Topics: Burns; Humans; Hypoxia; Inflammation; Ossification, Heterotopic
PubMed: 35293183
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202110078 -
Bone Mar 2023Heterotopic ossification (HO), including hereditary and acquired HO, is the formation of extraskeletal bone in skeletal muscle and surrounding soft tissues. Acquired HO... (Review)
Review
Heterotopic ossification (HO), including hereditary and acquired HO, is the formation of extraskeletal bone in skeletal muscle and surrounding soft tissues. Acquired HO is often caused by range of motion, explosion injury, nerve injury or burns. Severe HO can lead to pain and limited joint activity, affecting functional rehabilitation and quality of life. Increasing evidence shows that inflammatory processes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can drive HO. However, explicit knowledge about the specific mechanisms that result in HO and related cell precursors is still limited. Moreover, there are no effective methods to prevent or reduce HO formation. In this review, we provide an update of known risk factors and relevant cellular origins for HO. In particular, we focus on the underlying mechanisms of MSCs in acquired HO, which follow the osteogenic program. We also discuss the latest therapeutic value and implications for acquired HO. Our review highlights the current gaps in knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of acquired HO and identifies potential targets for the prevention and treatment of HO.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteogenesis; Bone and Bones; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36581258
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116655 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Apr 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic
PubMed: 35188216
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac055 -
Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Feb 2018Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva is a rare human disease of heterotopic ossification. FOP patients experience progressive development of ectopic bone within fibrous... (Review)
Review
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva is a rare human disease of heterotopic ossification. FOP patients experience progressive development of ectopic bone within fibrous tissues that contributes to a gradual loss of mobility and can lead to early mortality. Due to lack of understanding of the etiology and progression of human FOP, and the fact that surgical interventions often exacerbate FOP disease progression, alternative therapeutic methods are needed, including modeling in animals, to study and improve understanding of human FOP. In this review we provide an overview of the existing animal models of FOP and the key mechanistic findings from each. In addition, we highlight the specific advantages of a new adult zebrafish model, generated by our lab, to study human FOP. Developmental Dynamics 247:279-288, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Zebrafish
PubMed: 29139166
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24606 -
Translational Research : the Journal of... Aug 2017Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common occurrence after multiple forms of extensive trauma. These include arthroplasties, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries,... (Review)
Review
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common occurrence after multiple forms of extensive trauma. These include arthroplasties, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, extensive burns in the civilian setting, and combat-related extremity injuries in the battlefield. Irrespective of the form of trauma, heterotopic bone is typically endochondral in structure and is laid down via a cartilaginous matrix. Once formed, the heterotopic bone typically needs to be excised surgically, which may result in wound healing complications, in addition to a risk of recurrence. Refinements of existing diagnostic modalities, like micro- and nano-CT are being adapted toward early intervention. Trauma-induced HO is a consequence of aberrant wound healing, systemic and local immune system activation, infections, extensive vascularization, and innervation. This intricate molecular crosstalk culminates in activation of stem cells that initiate heterotopic endochondral ossification. Development of animal models recapitulating the unique traumatic injuries has greatly facilitated the mechanistic understanding of trauma-induced HO. These same models also serve as powerful tools to test the efficacy of small molecules which specifically target the molecular pathways underlying ectopic ossification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular understanding, diagnostic and treatment modalities in the field of trauma-induced HO.
Topics: Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 28668522
DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.06.004 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2017
Topics: Adult; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Male; Neck Pain; Ossification, Heterotopic; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 28953433
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1703542