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Der Pathologe Dec 2019The label cancer in itself leads to complex psychological reactions in patients that are closely related to previous experiences and self-image. A cancer diagnosis can... (Review)
Review
The label cancer in itself leads to complex psychological reactions in patients that are closely related to previous experiences and self-image. A cancer diagnosis can lead to increased distress and subsequent mental comorbidity such as depression or anxiety disorders. The responsibility of the pathologist, as the person who first uses the label cancer, is high. The pathologist must be conscious and focus not only on the accuracy of the anatomical pathology, but also on the potential influences the wording may have on the mental health of the patient. The word "carcinoma" should only be used in the case of tumors with the respective biological behavior. The example of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features shows that changing a label can lead to an improvement in distress and quality of life.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Humans; Mental Health; Neoplasms; Pathologists; Professional-Patient Relations; Psycho-Oncology; Quality of Life; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 31705241
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-019-00687-6 -
Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of... Oct 2017Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology was originally developed in 2006. Essentially, it converts somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells by transiently... (Review)
Review
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology was originally developed in 2006. Essentially, it converts somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells by transiently expressing a few transcriptional factors. Once generated, these iPSCs can differentiate into all the cell types of our body, theoretically, which has attracted great attention for clinical research including disease pathobiology studies. Could this technology then become an additional research or diagnostic tool widely available to practicing pathologists? Here we summarize progress in iPSC research toward disease pathobiology studies, its future potential, and remaining problems from a pathologist's perspective. A particular focus will be on introducing the effort to recapitulate disease-related morphological changes through three-dimensional culture of stem cells such as organoid differentiation.
Topics: Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Pathologists; Pathology, Clinical; Stem Cell Research
PubMed: 28759008
DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.81 -
Kidney International May 2020
Topics: Agriculture; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Nephritis, Interstitial; Pathologists; Renal Insufficiency
PubMed: 32331583
DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.023 -
Veterinary Pathology Sep 2017High-throughput, genome-wide transcriptome analysis is now commonly used in all fields of life science research and is on the cusp of medical and veterinary diagnostic... (Review)
Review
High-throughput, genome-wide transcriptome analysis is now commonly used in all fields of life science research and is on the cusp of medical and veterinary diagnostic application. Transcriptomic methods such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing generate enormous amounts of data. The pathogenetic expertise acquired from understanding of general pathology provides veterinary pathologists with a profound background, which is essential in translating transcriptomic data into meaningful biological knowledge, thereby leading to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The scientific literature concerning high-throughput data-mining techniques usually addresses mathematicians or computer scientists as the target audience. In contrast, the present review provides the reader with a clear and systematic basis from a veterinary pathologist's perspective. Therefore, the aims are (1) to introduce the reader to the necessary methodological background; (2) to introduce the sequential steps commonly performed in a microarray analysis including quality control, annotation, normalization, selection of differentially expressed genes, clustering, gene ontology and pathway analysis, analysis of manually selected genes, and biomarker discovery; and (3) to provide references to publically available and user-friendly software suites. In summary, the data analysis methods presented within this review will enable veterinary pathologists to analyze high-throughput transcriptome data obtained from their own experiments, supplemental data that accompany scientific publications, or public repositories in order to obtain a more in-depth insight into underlying disease mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Cluster Analysis; Gene Expression Profiling; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Pathologists; Pathology, Veterinary; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Software; Transcriptome; User-Computer Interface; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 28641485
DOI: 10.1177/0300985817709887 -
Endocrine Pathology Sep 2020Parathyroid gland excision specimens are common and sometimes underestimated cases that many surgical pathologists encounter regularly. In the vast majority of cases,... (Review)
Review
Parathyroid gland excision specimens are common and sometimes underestimated cases that many surgical pathologists encounter regularly. In the vast majority of cases, these will be spot diagnoses of sporadic primary parathyroid adenomas or, perhaps, hyperplasias commonly in the setting of renal failure. However, a small but significant number of parathyroid gland excisions may be due to heritable disease. In most cases, hereditary disease is suspected by the referring clinicians. Nevertheless, a subset of these are undetected which is significant, particularly in the setting of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), and the hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour (HPT-JT) syndromes. There have been recent advances in recognition of the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of these tumours and hyperplasias. While hereditary kindreds are over-represented at specialist referral centres, with awareness of the characteristic clinical and morphological features, the general surgical pathologist is frequently able to suggest the possibility of hereditary parathyroid disease. We therefore provide a succinct guide for pathologists to increase the recognition of hereditary parathyroid disease.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary; Immunohistochemistry; Parathyroid Diseases; Parathyroid Glands; Pathologists; Practice Patterns, Physicians'
PubMed: 32468209
DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09631-4 -
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Mar 2019Celiac disease is a common immune-mediated disorder that occurs in individuals with permissive genetics (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genotype) following exposure to certain wheat... (Review)
Review
Celiac disease is a common immune-mediated disorder that occurs in individuals with permissive genetics (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genotype) following exposure to certain wheat proteins. The histopathologic manifestations of small intestinal mucosal injury (villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis) are well recognized. However, these findings are not specific for celiac disease, because they are observed in other small intestinal disorders. These mimics include common and rare entities, the list of which continues to grow. This article discusses the histopathology and differential diagnosis of celiac disease and provides the pathologist's perspective on biopsy adequacy, evaluation, and reporting in light of current knowledge.
Topics: Biopsy; Celiac Disease; Gastroenterologists; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Intestine, Small; Pathologists
PubMed: 30711210
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.09.003 -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Oct 2023Understanding nail pathology is complex for general pathologists and even for those dermatopathologists who do not receive many nail samples in their laboratories. In...
Understanding nail pathology is complex for general pathologists and even for those dermatopathologists who do not receive many nail samples in their laboratories. In this article, we attempt to review some of the primary entities in nail pathology with the aid of modern interpretations of nail histology and embryology. We also provide diagrams that can aid in comprehending this field of pathology.
Topics: Humans; Pathologists; Histological Techniques
PubMed: 37732686
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002466 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Jun 2021Although clinicians often put vasculitis and microvascular occlusion in the same differential diagnosis, biopsy findings often are either vasculitis or occlusion.... (Review)
Review
Although clinicians often put vasculitis and microvascular occlusion in the same differential diagnosis, biopsy findings often are either vasculitis or occlusion. However, both vasculitis and occlusion are present in some cases of levamisole-associated vasculopathy and certain infections. Depth of dermal involvement and vessel size should be reported, because superficial and deep small vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis and/or involvement of medium-sized vessels may be associated with systemic disease. Microvascular occlusion of vessels in the fat should prompt consideration of calciphylaxis. Clues to ultimate clinical diagnosis can be garnered from depth of involvement, size of vessels affected, and presence of both vasculitis and occlusion.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pathologists; Vasculitis; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous
PubMed: 34023108
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2021.01.006 -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Sep 2023Pathologic processes affecting the oral and maxillofacial region include a heterogenous group of diseases with widely variable biologic behaviors. Proper patient... (Review)
Review
Pathologic processes affecting the oral and maxillofacial region include a heterogenous group of diseases with widely variable biologic behaviors. Proper patient management begins with the establishment of an accurate diagnosis, which often relies on histopathologic interpretation of small tissue samples from oral lesions. While confident diagnosis of small oral biopsies can be challenging, an understanding of oral and maxillofacial disease and consistent clinicopathologic correlation can help pathologists recognize inflammatory confounders and overcome common errors in specimen management, including insufficient sample size and non-representative biopsy samples.
Topics: Humans; Biopsy; Pathologists
PubMed: 37117100
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.03.001 -
Annales de Pathologie Apr 2020
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Oncogenes; Pathologists
PubMed: 32178890
DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.02.016