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Journal of Clinical Pathology Dec 2017
Topics: Canada; Certification; Humans; Pathologists; Pathology, Surgical; Physician Assistants
PubMed: 28899980
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204731 -
Journal of the American Society of... 2019Precision cytopathology refers to therapeutically linked biomarker testing in cytopatology, a dynamically growing area of the discipline. This review describes basic... (Review)
Review
Precision cytopathology refers to therapeutically linked biomarker testing in cytopatology, a dynamically growing area of the discipline. This review describes basic steps to expand precision cytopathology services. Focusing exclusively on solid tumors, the review is divided into four sections: Section 1: Overview of precision pathology- opportunities and challenges; Section 2: Basic steps in establishing or expanding a precision cytopathology laboratory; Section 3: Cytopathology specimens suitable for next generation sequencing platforms; and Section 4: Summary. precision cytopathology continues to rapidly evolve in parallel with expanding targeted therapy options. Biomarker assays (companion diagnostics) comprise a multitude of test types including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and molecular genetic tests such as PCR and next generation sequencing all of which are performable on cytology specimens. Best practices for precision cytopathology will incorporate traditional diagnostic approaches allied with careful specimen triage to enable successful biomarker analysis. Beyond triaging, cytopathologists knowledgeable about molecular test options and capabilities have the opportunity to refine diagnoses, prognoses and predictive information thereby assuming a lead role in precision oncology biomarker testing.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cytological Techniques; Humans; Laboratories; Laboratory Personnel; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Pathologists; Precision Medicine; Sequence Analysis
PubMed: 31287426
DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2018.12.003 -
The American Journal of Pathology Jan 2022
Topics: Animals; Financing, Organized; Humans; Mice; Mutation; Pathologists; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 34762872
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.001 -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Nov 2021Consultation on surgical pathology specimens is part of the daily professional practice of every pathologist. We evaluated the characteristics of a good consultant and...
OBJECTIVES
Consultation on surgical pathology specimens is part of the daily professional practice of every pathologist. We evaluated the characteristics of a good consultant and the habits that should be avoided.
METHODS
A 1-page questionnaire was prepared to evaluate how pathologists select their consultants.
RESULTS
The questionnaire was emailed to 106 pathologists. Fifty-eight pathologists completed the questionnaire (55% response rate). The most important criteria for a consultant were knowledge and expertise. Accessibility, turnaround time, and teaching (providing explanation about the case) were selected next for choosing a consultant. The 2 factors that contributed to avoiding a consultant were expensive workup and changing the diagnosis. Open questions about "definition of best/worst consultant," "when to change the consultant," and "if the criteria for consultant have changed over time" provided additional valuable information.
CONCLUSIONS
Accessibility, short turnaround time, and teaching are the most important reasons for selecting a consultant. Performing an expensive workup and being in the habit of changing the diagnosis are the factors that make a consultant less favorable.
Topics: Consultants; Humans; Pathologists; Pathology, Surgical; Referral and Consultation; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34075389
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab068 -
Pathologica Feb 2021Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are lifelong disorders in which an interaction between genetic and environmental factors is involved. IBDs include two entities:... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are lifelong disorders in which an interaction between genetic and environmental factors is involved. IBDs include two entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); these can be adequately diagnosed and distinguished with a correct methodological approach based on communicating exhaustive clinical, endoscopic and laboratory information to the pathologist and performing adequate bioptic sampling and precise morphological signs including crypt architecture, distribution of inflammation and granulomas, when present. IBD needs to be distinguished from non-IBD colitis, mostly at its onset. Moreover, IBDs are associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal adenocarcinoma. In daily pathological practice, correct diagnosis of IBD and its subclassification as well as a correct detection of dysplasia is imperative to establish the best therapeutic approach.
Topics: Colitis; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Italy; Pathologists
PubMed: 33686309
DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-235 -
The Journal of Pathology Jul 2021The use of three-dimensional (3D) culture models for cancer research has expanded greatly in recent years, with studies in almost every tumor type addressing a wide... (Review)
Review
The use of three-dimensional (3D) culture models for cancer research has expanded greatly in recent years, with studies in almost every tumor type addressing a wide variety of research questions. Multiple distinct 3D culture approaches are now available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as most effective applications. In this review, we focus on one of these 3D culture models, organoids, in which multicellular units are isolated from primary or metastatic tumors and cultured in extracellular matrix gels. Organoids can be studied in acute cultures for short times after isolation, or passaged and biobanked for long-term use. We define this model system and describe some key studies in which organoid culture models were used to investigate cellular strategies and molecular mechanisms driving cancer initiation and progression, highlighting research questions for which this model is particularly well suited. In addition, as interest in implementing organoid systems continues to expand, we discuss key considerations in developing a new organoid research program. Our goal is to demonstrate the power and utility of organoid models and provide guidance for investigators who are considering implementation of these models in their own research programs. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Humans; Neoplasms; Organoids; Pathologists
PubMed: 33886125
DOI: 10.1002/path.5684 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Jan 2024Diagnostic workup of cancer patients is highly reliant on the science of pathology using cytopathology, histopathology, and other ancillary techniques like... (Review)
Review
Diagnostic workup of cancer patients is highly reliant on the science of pathology using cytopathology, histopathology, and other ancillary techniques like immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics. Data processing and learning by means of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a spearhead for the advancement of medicine, with pathology and laboratory medicine being no exceptions. ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbot, that was recently launched by OpenAI, is currently a talk of the town, and its role in cancer diagnosis is also being explored meticulously. Pathology workflow by integration of digital slides, implementation of advanced algorithms, and computer-aided diagnostic techniques extend the frontiers of the pathologist's view beyond a microscopic slide and enables effective integration, assimilation, and utilization of knowledge that is beyond human limits and boundaries. Despite of it's numerous advantages in the pathological diagnosis of cancer, it comes with several challenges like integration of digital slides with input language parameters, problems of bias, and legal issues which have to be addressed and worked up soon so that we as a pathologists diagnosing malignancies are on the same band wagon and don't miss the train.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Neoplasms; Algorithms; Cytogenetics; Pathologists
PubMed: 38056135
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154989 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Apr 2021Gerhard Seifert is considered one of the leading German pathologists of his time. He was not only an outstanding scientist but also shaped the politics of university...
Gerhard Seifert is considered one of the leading German pathologists of his time. He was not only an outstanding scientist but also shaped the politics of university pathology like hardly anyone else. In the context of a national research project on the role of German pathologists in the Third Reich, it was recently discovered that Seifert had joined the Nazi Party. The present study takes this hitherto unknown fact as an occasion for a closer analysis of Seifert's life and work - with a special focus on the Third Reich; the aim is to clarify (1) when and how Seifert's membership came about and (2) how he dealt with the Nazi era and his own political role in the period after 1945. The present study is based on various archival documents. Furthermore, Seifert's autobiography "A Saxon in Hamburg - A Doctor's Life from East to West" was evaluated and cross-referenced with the archival sources. Last not least a systematic re-analysis of the literature on Seifert was conducted, including eulogies and obituaries on his life and work. It can be shown that Gerhard Seifert was an outstanding scientist - with special merits in the fields of oral pathology (including salivary glands), the pathology of the pancreas, endocrine pathology and osteopathology -, an extensive networker and an enigmatic personality. However, it is also demonstrable that Seifert joined the Nazi Party at the age of 17, remained a member until its abolition at the end of the Second World War, and concealed his party membership after 1945. In this respect, he built his career in postwar Germany on a false statement.
Topics: Germany; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; National Socialism; Pathologists; Pathology; Politics; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 33706123
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153375 -
Journal of the American Society of... 2021Primary stakeholders in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones Project are: ACGME, Residency Programs, Residents, Fellowship... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Primary stakeholders in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones Project are: ACGME, Residency Programs, Residents, Fellowship Programs, Fellows, and Certification Boards. The intent of the Milestones is to describe the educational and professional developmental trajectory of a trainee from the first stages of their postgraduate education through the completion of their clinical training. The Milestones 2.0 project includes changes made based on experience with Milestones 1.0.
METHODS
The ACGME solicited volunteers to participate in the development of subspecialty Milestones 2.0. The workgroup was charged with reviewing/making any additions to the four "Harmonized Milestones", developing subspecialty specific milestones for the Patient Care and Medical Knowledge competencies, and creating a supplemental guide. The Milestones were finalized following review of input from an open comment period.
RESULTS
The Cytopathology Milestones 2.0 will go into effect July 2021. They include additional subcompetencies in the 4 harmonized competency areas and cytopathology-specific edits to the patient care and medical knowledge subcompetencies. Although the number of subcompetencies has increased from 18 to 21, within each subcompetency, the number of milestone trajectories has decreased. Additionally, within each subcompetency, the wording has been streamlined. A supplemental guide was created and Milestones 1.0 were compared to 2.0; however, curriculum mapping has been left to programs to develop.
CONCLUSIONS
The ultimate goal of the Cytopathology Milestones 2.0 is to provide better real-time documentation of the progress of cytopathology fellows. The expected outcome is to produce highly competent cytopathologists, improving the care they provide, regardless of the program at which they trained.
Topics: Biopsy; Cell Biology; Certification; Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Cytological Techniques; Education, Medical, Graduate; Humans; Pathologists; Pathology; Specialization
PubMed: 34167909
DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2021.04.003 -
Pathologica Feb 2022Pediatric liver transplantation represents a safe and long-lasting treatment option for various disease types, requiring the pathologist's input. Indeed, an accurate and... (Review)
Review
Pediatric liver transplantation represents a safe and long-lasting treatment option for various disease types, requiring the pathologist's input. Indeed, an accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial in reporting and grading native liver diseases, evaluating donor liver eligibility and identifying signs of organ injury in the post-transplant follow-up. However, as the procedure is more frequently and widely performed, deceptive and unexplored histopathologic features have emerged with relevant consequences on patient management, particularly when dealing with long-term treatment and weaning of immunosuppression. In this complex and challenging scenario, this review aims to depict the most relevant histopathologic conditions which could be encountered in pediatric liver transplantation. We will tackle the conditions representing the main indications for transplantation in childhood as well as the complications burdening the post-transplant phases, either immunologically ( rejection) or non-immunologically mediated. Lastly, we hope to provide concise, yet significant, suggestions related to innovative pathology techniques in pediatric liver transplantation.
Topics: Child; Humans; Liver Diseases; Liver Transplantation; Living Donors; Pathologists
PubMed: 35212319
DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-753