-
Food Chemistry: X Dec 2022This study investigates the use of stable isotopes (C, N, H, and O) to characterize the geographical origin of peanuts along with different peanut fractions including...
This study investigates the use of stable isotopes (C, N, H, and O) to characterize the geographical origin of peanuts along with different peanut fractions including whole peanut kernel, peanut shell, delipidized peanuts and peanut oil. Peanut samples were procured in 2017 from three distinctive growing regions (Shandong, Jilin, and Jiangsu) in China. Peanut processing significantly influenced the C, H, and O values of different peanut fractions, whereas N values were consistent across all fractions and unaffected by peanut processing. Geographical differences of peanut kernels and associated peanut fractions showed a maximum variance for N and O values which indicated their strong potential to discriminate origin. Different geographical classification models (SVM, LDA, and k-NN) were tested for peanut kernels and associated peanut fractions. LDA achieved the highest classification percentage, both on the training and validation sets. Delipidized peanuts had the best classification rate compared to the other fractions.
PubMed: 36203953
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100456 -
International Archives of Allergy and... 2019The prevalence of peanut allergy (PA) is constantly on the rise. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a major risk factor for developing food allergy. Some bath oils and skin...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of peanut allergy (PA) is constantly on the rise. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a major risk factor for developing food allergy. Some bath oils and skin creams used for treating AD contain peanut oil, and it has been suggested that exposure to peanut allergens through a disrupted skin barrier is a potential cause of PA. Our aim was to investigate whether application of peanut oil to irritated skin causes a systemic or respiratory allergic response to peanuts in an animal model.
METHODS
BALB/c mice underwent epicutaneous sensitization with either peanut oil (PM, n = 9) or phosphate buffered solution (controls, n = 9) daily for 5 consecutive days. Ten days after the last exposure the mice were challenged with intranasal peanut protein for 5 consecutive days. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid was collected for cellular studies and measurement of cytokine levels. Sera were collected for immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurement.
RESULTS
Epicutaneous peanut oil sensitization increased leukocyte and eosinophil counts and interleukin-13 levels (p = 0.003, p = 0.0006 and p = 0.03, respectively), in addition to increasing total serum IgE (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that topical application of peanut oil may play a role in the etiology of PA.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Allergens; Animals; Antigens, Plant; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cytokines; Female; Immunoglobulin E; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-4; Leukocyte Count; Lung; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Peanut Hypersensitivity; Peanut Oil; Respiratory Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 30943491
DOI: 10.1159/000497382 -
Global Health Action Dec 2024Homemade peanut oil is widely consumed in rural areas of Southwestern China, which is easily contaminated by aflatoxins (AFs) and associated with adverse birth outcomes.
BACKGROUND
Homemade peanut oil is widely consumed in rural areas of Southwestern China, which is easily contaminated by aflatoxins (AFs) and associated with adverse birth outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the effect of exposure to homemade peanut oil consumption on low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PB) and other associated factors.
METHODS
A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women in Guangxi province, Southwestern China. Information of all eligible women on homemade peanut oil consumption and potential factors associated with LBW and PB was collected, and all were followed up until delivery. The effect of homemade peanut oil exposure was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models using the directed acyclic graph (DAG) approach.
RESULTS
Of 1611 pregnant women, 1316 (81.7%) had consumed homemade peanut oil, and the rates of LBW and PB were 9.7% and 10.0%, respectively. Increased risks of LBW and PB in women with homemade peanut oil consumption were found with aORs of 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.2) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.0), respectively. Women with a history of PB or LBW were 3-5 times more likely to have higher rates of LBW or PB compared with those without this type of history. The odds of PB were approximately double in those taking medicine during pregnancy. Advanced maternal age, lack of physical exercise during pregnancy, passive smoking, or pregnancy complications were also more likely to have a higher risk of LBW.
CONCLUSIONS
Homemade peanut oil consumption was a potential risk factor for both LBW and PB, of which health authorities who are responsible for food safety of the country should pay more attention to providing recommendation for oil consumption during pregnancy.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Premature Birth; Peanut Oil; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; China; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Risk Factors; Pregnancy Complications; Birth Weight; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 38629142
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2336312 -
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Sep 2023Consumption of coconut oil is implicated in cardiovascular disease risk. On the contrary, virgin coconut oil (VCO) is believed to offer better health benefits, however,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Consumption of coconut oil is implicated in cardiovascular disease risk. On the contrary, virgin coconut oil (VCO) is believed to offer better health benefits, however, the evidence to support such claims is lacking, particularly in humans. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the impact of VCO in a balanced diet on HDL-C and some of the anthropometric and biochemical parameters associated with human cardiovascular health before and after the feeding experiment.
METHODS
In a crossover observational study, apparently healthy non-obese male volunteers (n = 22) aged between 28 and 50years with a mean body weight of 67.5 kg were inducted into a two-arm controlled feeding experiment one after another for eight weeks with a six-week washout period. In the first arm, the diets were prepared with VCO, whereas peanut oil was used in the second arm (∼35g/day) as the control.
RESULTS
Compared to baseline, the consumption of VCO did not affect HDL-C and anthropometric measures at the end of the 8th week, whereas plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C levels (Means±standard error; 172 ± 5.6 mg/dL versus 186 ± 5.9 mg/dL and 113 ± 4.29 mg/dL versus 126 ± 4.17 mg/dL respectively) increased significantly. However, plasma triglycerides and some of the cardiovascular risk markers (namely, vascular cell-adhesion molecules, serum amyloid proteins and C-reactive protein) remained unaltered. Further, most of the changes in the VCO arm were comparable to the peanut oil regimen.
CONCLUSION
The consumption of VCO in a balanced diet displayed neutral effects on most parameters related to cardiovascular risk. However, the rise in TC and LDL-C must be tested in a larger sample size over longer periods.
Topics: Humans; Male; Cholesterol, LDL; Coconut Oil; Diet; Peanut Oil; Triglycerides; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 37591045
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102844 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Tainan 14’ has purple skin characteristics. This study investigated the effects of different materials (shelled or unshelled peanuts) and...
Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Tainan 14’ has purple skin characteristics. This study investigated the effects of different materials (shelled or unshelled peanuts) and temperatures (120 or 140 °C) on the properties of extracted peanut oil. The results show that its antioxidant components (total flavonoid, α−tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol) and oxidative stability were mainly affected by the roasting temperature (p < 0.05). Fifty-eight volatile compounds were identified by peanut oil oxidation and divided into three main groups during the roasting process using principal component analysis. The volatile formation changes of different materials and temperatures were assessed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis. These results provide useful reference information for peanut oil applications in the food industry.
Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Arachis; Flavonoids; gamma-Tocopherol; Peanut Oil; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 36296404
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206811 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2022Peanut oil, edible vegetable oil largely consumed in China, may be polluted with pesticides during both peanut cultivation and processing. In this study, we analyzed...
Peanut oil, edible vegetable oil largely consumed in China, may be polluted with pesticides during both peanut cultivation and processing. In this study, we analyzed organochlorine pesticides, five currently used pesticides and two degradation products, in soils, seeds, peanuts, oil and dregs and systematically tracked variations of their levels in field soils and during the pressing process. The results showed that the application of metolachlor, pirimicarb and quizalofop-p-ethyl pesticides during peanut cultivation caused their concentrations in peanuts to increase. In most samples, the concentration of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was higher than that of λ-cyhalothrin, and the variation trends of λ-cyhalothrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in soil samples were similar, which indicate that after application, most λ-cyhalothrin may rapidly be degraded to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid. Regarding the pressing process of peanut oil, the sum of mass of oil and shells was less than the mass of the corresponding raw peanut. Compared with that in peanuts, the total mass of most pesticides in oil and shells was lower, while that of two degradation products was higher, an indication that the degradation products were still generated during the pressing process. Finally, the assessment of health risk of different age groups consuming the studied peanuts and peanut oil showed that the risk was very low.
Topics: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Peanut Oil; Pesticides; Risk Assessment; Soil
PubMed: 35066221
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128272 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2022High-fat diet (HFD) is widely used in animal models of many diseases, it helps to understand the pathogenic mechanism of related diseases. Several dietary fats were...
High-fat diet (HFD) is widely used in animal models of many diseases, it helps to understand the pathogenic mechanism of related diseases. Several dietary fats were commonly used in HFD, such as corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and lard. However, it was reported that different dietary fat could have completely different effects on physiological indicators and the gut microbiome, and the sources of dietary fat used in high-fat diet research have not been comprehensively compared. In this research, we conduct comparative experiments on various sources of dietary fats to test their different effects during the high-fat diet intervention. We investigated the effects of twelve common dietary fats in high-fat diet intervention of mice, body/liver weight changes, four blood lipid indices, and gut microbiome were analyzed. Our results showed that the source of dietary fat used in high-fat diet significantly affects the changes of body/liver weight and triglyceride (TRIG) in the blood. Furthermore, the intervention of canola oil increased the alpha diversity of gut microbiota, and lard has decreased diversity compared with the control group. The composition of saturated fatty acid (SFA) in fat has the most significant effects on the gut microbiome. All dietary fats treatments have an increasing Firmicutes abundance and a reduced Bacteroidetes abundance in gut microbiome, while the canola oil has a slight variation compared to other intervention groups, and the lard group has the largest changes. This study showed that different types of dietary fat have different effects on the body indicators and intestinal microbiota of mice, and canola oil produced less disturbance than other types of dietary fats in high-fat diet.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Rapeseed Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35279685
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08249-2 -
Molecular Cancer Research : MCR Feb 2021Oil is frequently used as a solvent to inject lipophilic substances into the peritoneum of laboratory animals. Although mineral oil causes chronic peritoneal...
Oil is frequently used as a solvent to inject lipophilic substances into the peritoneum of laboratory animals. Although mineral oil causes chronic peritoneal inflammation, little is known whether other oils are better suited. We show that olive, peanut, corn, or mineral oil causes xanthogranulomatous inflammation with depletion of resident peritoneal macrophages. However, there were striking differences in the severity of the inflammatory response. Peanut and mineral oil caused severe chronic inflammation with persistent neutrophil and monocyte recruitment, expansion of the vasculature, and fibrosis. Corn and olive oil provoked no or only mild signs of chronic inflammation. Mechanistically, the vegetal oils were taken up by macrophages leading to foam cell formation and induction of cell death. Olive oil triggered caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis, which facilitate the resolution of inflammation. Peanut oil and, to a lesser degree, corn oil, triggered caspase-1 activation and macrophage pyroptosis, which impair the resolution of inflammation. As such, intraperitoneal oil administration can interfere with the outcome of subsequent experiments. As a proof of principle, intraperitoneal peanut oil injection was compared with its oral delivery in a thioglycolate-induced peritonitis model. The chronic peritoneal inflammation due to peanut oil injection impeded the proper recruitment of macrophages and the resolution of inflammation in this peritonitis model. In summary, the data indicate that it is advisable to deliver lipophilic substances, like tamoxifen, by oral gavage instead of intraperitoneal injection. IMPLICATIONS: This work contributes to the reproducibility of animal research by helping to understand some of the undesired effects observed in animal experiments.
Topics: Animals; Corn Oil; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Models, Animal
PubMed: 33139505
DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0650 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2022Oil bodies (OBs), which are found mainly in the seeds or nuts of oleaginous plants, are spherical droplets with a triacylglycerol core covered by phospholipid-protein...
Oil bodies (OBs), which are found mainly in the seeds or nuts of oleaginous plants, are spherical droplets with a triacylglycerol core covered by phospholipid-protein layer. Oil body protein extracts (OBPEs), mainly oleosins, contribute to the unique physicochemical stability of OBs. The application of OBPEs in aqueous environment has been greatly limited by their highly hydrophobic structures. In this study, OBPEs were successfully extracted from peanut seeds and their profiles were characterized by LC-MS/MS. OBPEs nanoparticles were successfully assembled in aqueous environment for the first time using the antisolvent precipitation method. The mean diameter of OBPEs nanoparticles was 215.6 ± 1.8 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.238 ± 0.005. The morphology of these colloidal particles was found to be roughly spherical shape as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions with good stability against coalescence could be formed at protein concentration as low as 0.1 mg/mL. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) confirmed that spherical nanoparticles were packed at the oil-water interface. This research will greatly expand the applications of OBPEs in structuring the interfaces and developing novel formulations in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
Topics: Arachis; Chromatography, Liquid; Emulsions; Lipid Droplets; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Peanut Oil; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34388634
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130678 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Oct 2023Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) generated in the production process of oil is harmful to human severely as a kind of carcinogenic substance. In this study, the qualitative and...
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) generated in the production process of oil is harmful to human severely as a kind of carcinogenic substance. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative detection of BaP concentration in peanut oil was investigated based on Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning methods. The glass substrates and magnetron sputtered gold substrates for the Raman spectra were compared and the data preprocessing methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) were used to process Raman signal. Back propagation neural network (BPNN), partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) algorithms were developed to obtain the qualitative and quantitative detection model of BaP concentration in peanut oil. The results showed that the Raman spectra with the glass substrate was more suitable for the BaP detection than magnetron sputtered gold substrates. RF combined with t-SNE could achieve an accuracy of 97.5% in the qualitative detection of BaP concentration levels in model validation experiment, and the correlation coefficient of the prediction set (R) in the quantitative detection was 0.9932, the root mean square error (RMSEP) was 0.8323 μg/kg and the bias was 0.1316 μg/kg. It can be concluded that Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning methods could provide an effective method for the rapid determination of BaP concentration in peanut oil.
Topics: Humans; Peanut Oil; Benzo(a)pyrene; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Neural Networks, Computer; Random Forest; Support Vector Machine; Least-Squares Analysis
PubMed: 37167744
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122806