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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Manufacturers add sugar and fully hydrogenated vegetable oils to peanut butter to avoid its oil separation during storage. Unfortunately, hydrogenated oils are...
Manufacturers add sugar and fully hydrogenated vegetable oils to peanut butter to avoid its oil separation during storage. Unfortunately, hydrogenated oils are significant sources of saturated fats, and reducing their consumption is challenging for food scientists without affecting the desired characteristics of food products. Therefore, in a preliminary study, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of three natural waxes (rice bran, carnauba, and beeswax) were added to the natural peanut butter to test their efficacy as a stabilizer. Rice bran and carnauba wax added to peanut butter presented a higher elastic modulus (G') and lower oil separation percentages than beeswax. However, no significant differences were found between the different percentages of waxes. Thus, in the final experiments, 1% of these selected waxes (rice bran and carnauba waxes) were added directly to the roasted ground peanut. Due to the difficulty of adding high melting point waxes to the peanut butter, a second experiment added wax oleogel (rice-bran and carnauba wax) to defatted peanut flour. After four weeks of storage, all of the samples were examined for their texture (TPA) and oil separation. The sample with directly added bran wax had the highest values for spreadability and firmness, and the lowest oil separation, which was 11.94 ± 0.90 N·s, 19.60 ± 0.71 N·s, and 0.87 ± 0.05%, respectively. In the peanut flour sample, the spreadability, firmness, and separated oil of the rice bran wax oleogel added sample were 46.95 ± 0.99 N·s, 66.61 ± 0.93 N, and 1.57 ± 0.07%, respectively. However, the textural properties of the rice bran wax oleogel added sample were close to the commercial peanut butter (natural and creamy). Therefore, the results indicate that the rice bran wax oleogel could be the potential replacement of the fully hydrogenated oil as a stabilizer.
PubMed: 36230203
DOI: 10.3390/foods11193127 -
Journal of Food Science Jun 2020Different chain lengths diacylglycerols (DAG) (long- and medium-chain) were synthesized from peanut and coconut oils. The effects of DAG with different chain lengths on...
Different chain lengths diacylglycerols (DAG) (long- and medium-chain) were synthesized from peanut and coconut oils. The effects of DAG with different chain lengths on body fat, blood lipids, and lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the liver and adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice were investigated. Compared to peanut and coconut oils containing triacylglycerol (TAG), DAG-rich oils can significantly reduce the body weight, kidney weight, serum triglyceride (TG) content, hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS), and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme levels (p < 0.05) in C57BL/6J mice. Therefore, the effect of coconut oil DAG on improving body fat metabolism was probably due to the impact of DAG. Meanwhile, the body weight and serum TG content in coconut oil DAG group were lower than those in peanut oil DAG group. In addition, the spleen weight, hepatic ACC, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymes in coconut oil DAG group (0.07 ± 0.01 g, 2.08 ± 0.42 ng/mg pro, and 18.44 ± 5.23 ng/mg pro, respectively) were significantly lower than those in peanut oil DAG group. Although coconut oil DAG and peanut oil DAG have different fatty acid compositions, their effects on lipid metabolism showed no significant changes. Coconut oil DAG (peanut oil DAG) showed the improved lipid metabolism than that of coconut oil (peanut oil), which was probably due to the effect of DAG. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Peanut and coconut oils are common edible oils. The oil containing DAG synthesized decreased the body weight and lipid accumulation in mice. Coconut oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids, while peanut oil mainly consists of long-chain fatty acids. Due to the different contents of fatty acids, the synthesized structural lipids have different effects on lipid metabolism. Medium-chain triglycerides were considered as agents to alleviate obesity.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Coconut Oil; Diglycerides; Fatty Acid Synthases; Fatty Acids; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoprotein Lipase; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Peanut Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 32421231
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15159 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a shelf-stable, low moisture, energy dense medicinal food composed of peanut butter, vegetable oils, milk powder, a multiple...
Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a shelf-stable, low moisture, energy dense medicinal food composed of peanut butter, vegetable oils, milk powder, a multiple micronutrient premix and sugar. RUTF is used by millions of children annually to treat malnutrition. After mixing, RUTF is a semisolid covered with oil. To produce a homogenous RUTF, hydrogenated vegetable oils are incorporated in small quantities. This study utilized a benchtop methodology to test the effect of RUTF ingredients on oil separation. An acceptable oil separation was <4%. This method compared 15 different vegetable oil stabilizers with respect to oil separation. The dynamic progression of oil separation followed a Michaelis-Menten pattern, reaching a maximum after 60 days when stored at 30 °C. Hydrogenated vegetable oils with triglyceride or 50% monoglycerides reduced the oil separation to acceptable levels. The additive showing the largest reduction in oil separation was used in an industrial trial, where it also performed acceptably. In conclusion, fully hydrogenated soybean and rapeseed oil added as 1.5% controlled oil separation in RUTF.
PubMed: 32492836
DOI: 10.3390/foods9060706 -
Food Chemistry Feb 2017(1)H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and chemometrics were employed to screen the quality changes of peanut oil (PEO) adulterated with soybean oil (SO),...
(1)H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and chemometrics were employed to screen the quality changes of peanut oil (PEO) adulterated with soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), or palm oil (PAO) in ratios ranging from 0% to 100%. Significant differences in the LF-NMR parameters, single component relaxation time (T2W), and peak area proportion (S21 and S22), were detected between pure and adulterated peanut oil samples. As the ratio of adulteration increased, the T2W, S21, and S22 changed linearly; however, the multicomponent relaxation times (T21 and T22) changed slightly. The established principal component analysis or discriminant analysis models can correctly differentiate authentic PEO from fake and adulterated samples with at least 10% of SO, RO, or PAO. The binary blends of oils can be clearly classified by discriminant analysis when the adulteration ratio is above 30%, illustrating possible applications in screening the oil species in peanut oil blends.
Topics: Discriminant Analysis; Food Contamination; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Palm Oil; Peanut Oil; Plant Oils; Principal Component Analysis; Soybean Oil; Time Factors
PubMed: 27596419
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.051 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peanut varieties cultivated in Morocco ( and ) and extraction methods (cold press, CP; Soxhlet, Sox and maceration, and Mac)...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peanut varieties cultivated in Morocco ( and ) and extraction methods (cold press, CP; Soxhlet, Sox and maceration, and Mac) on the fatty acid profile, phytosterol, and tocopherol contents, quality characteristics, and antioxidant potential of peanut seed oil. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the oils. The results revealed that fatty acid content was slightly affected by the extraction technique. However, the CP method was shown to be an excellent approach for extracting oil with desirable quality features compared to the Sox and Mac methods. Furthermore, the peanut oil extracted via CP carried a higher amount of bioactive compounds and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities. The findings also revealed higher oleic acid levels from the oil, ranging from 56.46% to 56.99%. Besides, a higher total phytosterol and tocopherol content and DPPH scavenging capacity were obtained from the oil. Analyzing the study, it can be inferred that extraction method and variety both affect the composition of the peanut oil's bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. This information is relevant for extracting peanut oil with a greater level of compounds of industrial interest.
Topics: Peanut Oil; Antioxidants; Plant Oils; Virginia; Tocopherols; Fatty Acids; Vitamin E; Nutritive Value; Phytosterols; Arachis
PubMed: 36431807
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227709 -
Reviews on Environmental Health Dec 2023Exposure to mycotoxins in food is largely unavoidable, and concerns about their health effects are growing. Consumption of vegetable oils such as peanuts oil has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Exposure to mycotoxins in food is largely unavoidable, and concerns about their health effects are growing. Consumption of vegetable oils such as peanuts oil has increased, hence several studies have been conducted on concentration of aflatoxins (AFs) in peanuts oil. Search was performed in Scopus and PubMed databases on prevalence and concentration of AFs in peanuts oil from 1 January 2005 to 15 April 29, 2022. Prevalence and concentration of AFs in peanuts oil was meta-analyzed based on country and type of AFs subgroups. In addition, health risk was calculated using monte carlo simulation method. Pooled prevalence of AFB1 in peanuts oil was 47.9%; AFB2, 46.45%; AFG1, 46.92% and AFG2, 54.01%. The Overall prevalence of AFTs was 49.30%, 95%CI (35.80-62.84%). Pooled concentration of AFB1 in peanuts oil was 2.30 μg/kg; AFB2, 0.77 μg/kg; AFG1, 0.07 μg/kg; AFG1, 0.28 μg/kg. The sort of country based on mean of MOEs in the adults consumers was Japan (47,059) > China (17,670) > Ethiopia (7,398) > Sudan (6,974) > USA (1,012) and sort of country based on mean of MOEs in the children was Japan (120,994) > China (46,991) > Ethiopia (19,251) > Sudan (18,200) > USA (2,620). Therefore, adults consumers were in considerable health risk in Ethiopia, Sudan and USA and for children in USA (MOE < 10,000).
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Aflatoxins; Peanut Oil; Arachis; Food Contamination; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
PubMed: 36040365
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0075 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Aug 2022Oil bodies (OBs) are a kind of natural and stable oil nucleate microcapsule in which the triglyceride matrix can be used as an appropriate carrier of hydrophobic...
BACKGROUND
Oil bodies (OBs) are a kind of natural and stable oil nucleate microcapsule in which the triglyceride matrix can be used as an appropriate carrier of hydrophobic molecules. Astaxanthin has high antioxidant properties but is extremely sensitive to oxidation, causing the loss of its bioactive properties.
RESULTS
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of environmental factors (light, oxygen, temperature, and pH) on the physical and oxidative stability of astaxanthin microcapsules prepared with peanut oil bodies (POBs). After 14 days of storage, the retention rate of astaxanthin in peanut oil microcapsules (POMs) was significantly increased. The astaxanthin retention rate of POMs stored under light conditions was higher than under dark conditions. Similarly, the retention rate of astaxanthin in POMs was significantly increased during vacuum storage. The astaxanthin retention rate was also the highest when POMs were stored at 4 °C, whereas it was the lowest at pH 3.0.
CONCLUSION
The experiment demonstrated that microcapsulation could improve the astaxanthin retention rate and storage stability, and recombinant OBs were potential ideal wall materials for astaxanthin embedding. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Capsules; Liposomes; Oxidative Stress; Xanthophylls
PubMed: 35246844
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11854 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2023This research developed a novel, efficient and safe antimildew for peanut kernel postharvest storage. The antimildew, cinnamon-Litsea cubeba compound essential oil...
This research developed a novel, efficient and safe antimildew for peanut kernel postharvest storage. The antimildew, cinnamon-Litsea cubeba compound essential oil (CLCEO) microcapsule (CLCEOM), was synthesized with CLCEO as core materials and β-cyclodextrin as wall materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses indicated that major antifungal compounds of CLCEO were encapsulated in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. The inhibition zone experiment showed that CLCEOM retained antifungal effect on Aspergillus spp. strains even after storage for 2 months at 4 ℃. Besides, CLCEOM reduced total number of fungal colonies, relative abundance of Aspergillus spp., and aflatoxin B content of peanut kernels, and had positive effect on slowing down the increase in acid value of peanut oil without causing any adverse effect on the viability and sensory properties during storage process. Overall, CLCEOM presented good preservative effects on peanut kernels, providing evidence for its potential use as antimildew for peanut storage.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Arachis; Litsea; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Antifungal Agents; Capsules; Aspergillus
PubMed: 36848837
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135734 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Jun 2024Peanut oil, prized for its unique taste and nutritional value, grapples with the pressing issue of adulteration by cost-cutting vendors seeking higher profits. In...
Peanut oil, prized for its unique taste and nutritional value, grapples with the pressing issue of adulteration by cost-cutting vendors seeking higher profits. In response, we introduce a novel approach using near-infrared spectroscopy to non-invasively and cost-effectively identify adulteration in peanut oil. Our study, analyzing spectral data of both authentic and intentionally adulterated peanut oil, successfully distinguished high-quality pure peanut oil (PPEO) from adulterated oil (AO) through rigorous analysis. By combining near-infrared spectroscopy with factor analysis (FA) and partial least squares regression (PLS), we achieved discriminant accuracies exceeding 92 % (S > 2) and 89 % (S > 1) for FA models 1 and 2, respectively. The PLS model demonstrated strong predictive capabilities, with a prediction coefficient (R) surpassing 93.11 and a root mean square error (RMSECV) below 4.43. These results highlight the effectiveness of NIR spectroscopy in confirming the authenticity of peanut oil and detecting adulteration in its composition.
PubMed: 38909556
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124690 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Feb 2023This study aimed to develop nutritious and healthy Sichuan hotpot oil. Four blended oil formulas were formulated using MATLAB based on the fatty acid composition of four...
This study aimed to develop nutritious and healthy Sichuan hotpot oil. Four blended oil formulas were formulated using MATLAB based on the fatty acid composition of four base constituents (beef tallow, mutton tallow, peanut oil, and palm oil). The sensory characteristics, physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, harmful substances, and antioxidant capacity of the oils were analyzed during the boiling process. A blend of 60% beef tallow + 10% mutton tallow + 10% peanut oil + 20% palm oil exhibited a low level of peroxide (0.03 g/100 g) and malondialdehyde (0.04 mg/kg), and high phytosterol content (1028.33 mg/kg), which was the suitable hotpot blending oil. Furthermore, the changes in the physicochemical properties during boring were low, with a high retention rate of phytosterol (94.85%), and the levels of 3,4-benzopyrene (1.12 μg/kg) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester (0.67 mg/kg) were both lower than the recommended limits. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the advancement of the hotpot oil industry.
PubMed: 36712221
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05638-3