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Seed Weight and Genotype Influence the Total Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Peanut Seeds.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Peanut, an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide as a dietary food, is a good food source with health benefits. To explore the potential benefits of peanuts as a...
Peanut, an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide as a dietary food, is a good food source with health benefits. To explore the potential benefits of peanuts as a food resource, 301 peanut accessions were evaluated to determine the effect of seed weight and genotype on total oil content and fatty acid composition. Total oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Wide variations in the 100-seed weight, total oil content, and fatty acid profile were observed among genotypes and accession types. An effect of seed weight on the fatty acid composition of peanut seeds was observed. Increases in the oleic acid content and decreases in the linoleic acid content occurred in association with increases in the 100-seed weight. Moreover, the 100-seed weight, total oil content, and individual and total fatty acid contents, except arachidic acid, differed significantly (p < 0.001 or 0.05) among the accession types of landrace, cultivar, breeding line, and unknown. The discovery of this high diversity could contribute to further studies of peanut domestication and evolutionary classification. Our findings are important for the selection of peanut seeds with health benefits and development of new varieties of peanut with health benefits.
PubMed: 36360076
DOI: 10.3390/foods11213463 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Ethanol (Et) has been suggested as a substitute for hexane (Hx) for use in the extraction of oils from different oleaginous matrices. In this study, Et and Hx were used...
Ethanol (Et) has been suggested as a substitute for hexane (Hx) for use in the extraction of oils from different oleaginous matrices. In this study, Et and Hx were used to extract the residual oil present in a peanut press cake (PPC). Certain variables, such as temperature, solid/solvent ratio and the number of contact stages, in the sequential cross-current extraction process were evaluated; additionally, the effects of these variables on oils (POEt and POHx) and defatted solids (DSEt and DSHx) were explored. Hx exhibited an extraction yield of 86 ± 2% in two stages at 55 °C and a solid/solvent mass ratio of 1/4. Compared with Hx extraction, to achieve an Et extraction yield of 87 ± 4%, it was necessary to use a higher temperature (75 °C), a greater amount of solvent (solid/solvent ratio of 1/5) and a greater number of contact stages (3). POEt and POHx presented compositions in terms of fatty acids and triacylglycerols and physical properties similar to that of cold-pressed peanut oil (CPPO). POEt showed a more intense green/yellow hue and higher free acidity (1.47 ± 0.03%) than POHx and CPPO (0.82 ± 0.04 and 0.43 ± 0.02 free acidity mass %, respectively), indicating that the deacidification and bleaching steps in refining should be encumbered. DSEt and DSHx exhibited high protein contents (>45% by mass) and nitrogen solubilities (86 ± 6 and 98 ± 1%, respectively), indicating that they could be used to obtain proteins.
PubMed: 37569155
DOI: 10.3390/foods12152886 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Mar 2021A neutral polysaccharide (NPP) from peanut sediment of aqueous extraction process was purified via anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The weight-average...
A neutral polysaccharide (NPP) from peanut sediment of aqueous extraction process was purified via anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The weight-average molecular weight and polydispersity index were 3.36 × 10 Da and 1.06. Composition of glucose (82.66 %, molar percentage) and arabinose (17.34 %) suggested an arabinoglucan structure. Multiple medium-length chains consisting of many 1,4-linked α-Glcp and a few 1,5-linked α-Araf maintained the main chain structure. The backbone was substituted at O-6 and O-3 positions, attached by side chains consisting of two to six α-Glcp and terminated with Araf and Glcp. Degree of branching was 42.50 %. Aggregates formed in NPP aqueous solution. They were eliminated by DMSO combining with sonication. Consequently, the average radius of gyration (R), hydrodynamic radius (R), and R/R ratio were 17.0 nm, 5.8 nm and 2.93, respectively, indicating extended rigid chain conformation. The backbone substituted at O-3 and short branching chains probably together induced this conformation.
PubMed: 33436170
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117327 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Dec 2020Materials with opposite affinities toward oil and water have been extensively used to coat porous substrates for oil-water separation, but the applications of these...
Materials with opposite affinities toward oil and water have been extensively used to coat porous substrates for oil-water separation, but the applications of these materials have been limited by the need for complex coating processes as well as the short-term adherence of these materials onto different substrates under extreme conditions. As reported herein, the robust porous polyurethane hydrogel has been theoretically and structurally designed with ultralow-oil-adhesion properties which is free stand without depending on additional substrates. The combination of superhydrophilic properties along with the underwater superoleophobic behavior of this porous hydrogel allows gravity driven separations of oil-water mixtures, and its antiadhesion performance toward oil prevents undesirable oily fouling. The underwater superoleophobic properties were also illustrated by molecular dynamics simulation to understand the resisting effect of hydrated layers. The as-prepared porous hydrogel shows ultrahigh oil-water separation efficiencies of 99.9% for various oil-water mixtures, ranging from those containing viscous oils (pump oil and peanut oil) to organic solvents (-hexane, -hexadecane, and toluene). In addition, this hydrogel is durable even with exposure to various harsh conditions including acidic and basic media (pH 0-14) as well as exposure to mechanical abrasion. We believe that the combination of facile preparation, substrate independence, gravity driven separation, antifouling properties, high durability, as well as the outstanding separation flux and efficiency of this robust porous hydrogel will help to advance the design and application of materials in oil-water separation fields.
PubMed: 33285071
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18825 -
Journal of Oleo Science Nov 2020Degradation of the peanut cell wall is a critical step in the aqueous enzymatic extraction process to extract proteins and oil bodies. Viscozyme L, a compound cell wall...
Degradation of the peanut cell wall is a critical step in the aqueous enzymatic extraction process to extract proteins and oil bodies. Viscozyme L, a compound cell wall degrading enzyme, has been applied as an alternative to protease in the process of aqueous enzymatic extraction, but the mechanism of cell wall enzymolysis remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the changes in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin content of the peanut cell wall hydrolyzed by Viscozyme L. The degree to which the main components of the peanut cell wall, such as trans-1, 2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N',N'-acetic acid-soluble pectin (CDTA-soluble pectin), NaCO-soluble pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, are degraded is closely related to the extraction of oil bodies and peanut protein at different solid-liquid ratio of powered peanut seed in distilled water, enzyme concentration, enzyme hydrolysis temperature, and enzyme hydrolysis time. The key sites of Viscozyme L activity on cell wall polysaccharides were explored by comparing the changes in chemical bonds under different extraction conditions using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) absorption bands and principal component analysis (PCA). Viscozyme L acted on the C-O stretching, C-C stretching, and CH symmetrical bending of cellulose, the C-O stretching and O-C-O asymmetrical bending of hemicellulose, and the C-O stretching and C-C stretching of pectin.
Topics: Arachis; Cell Wall; Cellulose; Hydrolysis; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Multienzyme Complexes; Peanut Oil; Pectins; Plant Proteins; Polysaccharides; Water
PubMed: 33055446
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20148 -
Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) Nov 2018Motivated by observations of mesenteries harvested from mice treated with tamoxifen dissolved in oil for inducible gene mutation studies, the objective of this study was...
OBJECTIVE
Motivated by observations of mesenteries harvested from mice treated with tamoxifen dissolved in oil for inducible gene mutation studies, the objective of this study was to demonstrate that microvascular growth can be induced in the avascular mouse mesentery tissue.
METHODS
C57BL/6 mice were administered an IP injection for five consecutive days of: saline, sunflower oil, tamoxifen dissolved in sunflower oil, corn oil, or peanut oil.
RESULTS
Twenty-one days post-injection, zero tissues from saline group contained branching microvascular networks. In contrast, all tissues from the three oils and tamoxifen groups contained vascular networks with arterioles, venules, and capillaries. Smooth muscle cells and pericytes were present in their expected locations and wrapping morphologies. Significant increases in vascularized tissue area and vascular density were observed when compared to saline group, but sunflower oil and tamoxifen group were not significantly different. Vascularized tissues also contained LYVE-1-positive and Prox1-positive lymphatic networks, indicating that lymphangiogenesis was stimulated. When comparing the different oils, vascularized tissue area and vascular density of sunflower oil were significantly higher than corn and peanut oils.
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide novel evidence supporting that induction of microvascular network growth into the normally avascular mouse mesentery is possible.
Topics: Animals; Lymphangiogenesis; Mesentery; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microvessels; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Plant Oils; Tamoxifen
PubMed: 30178505
DOI: 10.1111/micc.12502 -
Nutrients Dec 2019Unhealthy dietary patterns are important risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS), which is associated with gut microbiota disorder. High oleic acid peanut oil (HOPO)...
Unhealthy dietary patterns are important risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS), which is associated with gut microbiota disorder. High oleic acid peanut oil (HOPO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), considered as healthy dietary oil, are rich in oleic acid and bioactive phytochemicals, yet efficacy of MS prevention and mechanisms linking to gut microbiota remain obscure. Herein, we investigated HOPO and EVOO supplementation in attenuating diet-induced MS, and the potential mechanisms focusing on modulation of gut microbiota. Physiological, histological and biochemical parameters and gut microbiota profiles were compared among four groups fed respectively with the following diets for 12 weeks: normal chow diet with ordinary drinking water, high-fat diet with fructose drinking water, HOPO diet with fructose drinking water, and EVOO diet with fructose drinking water. HOPO or EVOO supplementation exhibit significant lower body weight gain, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and reduced liver steatosis. HOPO significantly reduced cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, while EVOO reduced these levels without significant difference. HOPO and EVOO prevented gut disorder and significantly increased -diversity and abundance of . Moreover, HOPO significantly decreased abundance of and . These findings suggest that both HOPO and EVOO can attenuate diet-induced MS, associated with modulating gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Oleic Acid; Olive Oil; Peanut Oil; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31817909
DOI: 10.3390/nu11123005 -
Meat Science Jun 2021The study aimed to highlight the utilization of gelled emulsion (GE) systems containing peanut and linseed oils to replace beef fat partially or completely in emulsified...
The study aimed to highlight the utilization of gelled emulsion (GE) systems containing peanut and linseed oils to replace beef fat partially or completely in emulsified sausages. Total fat content was reduced by up to 40% and energy content was lowered by up to 27% in reformulated products. Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were successfully decreased while noticeable increments were provided in mono and poly-unsaturated fatty acids in sausages containing GE. Moreover, the reformulation procedure presented a good potential for increasing n-3 content, while lowering atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index, and n-6/n-3 ratios. Although the incorporated GE resulted in color and texture alterations, it was effective to improve the technological attributes in terms of emulsion stability and cooking behaviors. In GE added samples, oxidative stability of final products decreased; however sensory features were acceptable. Overall results pointed out that GE systems could be successfully conveyed to emulsified sausage formulations to ensure a healthier lipid profile with good technological and sensory quality.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Color; Cooking; Emulsions; Fat Substitutes; Fatty Acids; Food Handling; Linseed Oil; Meat Products; Peanut Oil
PubMed: 33618129
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108464 -
Chemosphere Jul 2023The high oil and salt content of kitchen waste (KW) inhibit bioconversion and humus production. To efficiently degrade oily kitchen waste (OKW), a halotolerant bacterial...
The high oil and salt content of kitchen waste (KW) inhibit bioconversion and humus production. To efficiently degrade oily kitchen waste (OKW), a halotolerant bacterial strain, Serratia marcescens subsp. SLS which could transform various animal fats and vegetable oils, was isolated from KW compost. Its identification, phylogenetic analysis, lipase activity assays, and oil degradation in liquid medium were assessed, and then it was employed to carry out a simulated OKW composting experiment. In liquid medium, the 24 h degradation rate of mixed oils (soybean oil: peanut oil: olive oil: lard = 1:1:1:1, v/v/v/v) was up to 87.37% at 30 °C, pH 7.0, 280 rpm, 2% oil concentration and 3% NaCl concentration. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method demonstrated that the mechanism of SLS strain metabolizing long-chain triglycerides (TAGs) (C53-C60), especially the biodegradation of TAG (C18:3/C18:3/C18:3) by the strain can reach more than 90%. Degradation of 5, 10, 15% concentrations of total mixed oil were also calculated to be 64.57, 71.25, 67.99% respectively after a simulated composting duration of 15 days. The results suggest that the isolated strain of S. marcescens subsp. SLS is suitable for OKW bioremediation in high NaCl concentration within a reasonably short period of time. The findings introduced a salt-tolerant and oil-degrading bacteria, providing insights into the mechanism of oil biodegradation and offering new avenues of study for OKW compost and oily wastewater treatment.
Topics: Serratia marcescens; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chromatography, Liquid; Phylogeny; Sodium Chloride; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Plant Oils
PubMed: 37059197
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138655 -
Planta Medica Oct 2020Clary sage () is a xerophytic biennial plant typical for the Mediterranean region. It is cultivated for its essential oil, which is widely used in the flavor and...
Clary sage () is a xerophytic biennial plant typical for the Mediterranean region. It is cultivated for its essential oil, which is widely used in the flavor and fragrance industry as well as in aromatherapy for its relaxing and immunomodulatory effect. In this pilot investigation, clary sage essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS as well as GC-FID and examined regarding its effects on pulse, blood pressure and mood in healthy human female and male subjects. Analysis of the used CSEO identified linalylacetat (61.3%) and linalool (22.1%) as main compounds. Sclareol was found at 0.3%. In the first experiment with 30 participants (with 15 female), CSEO, diluted in peanut oil, was administered to the left forearm, leading to an increase in pulse rate in women (peanut oil served as control). In men, pulse rate deceased over time (p = 0.013). In the second experiment (32 participants; 16 females) the oil was inhaled for 30 min (pure water as control). The observed decrease of pulse rate was significantly stronger in women than in men (p = 0.026). To evaluate the influence of the mode of application, a comparison of both experiments was performed showing a significant difference between sexes for the parameter of pulse rate (p = 0.034). Overall, the effects elicited by CSEO may depend on application method (inhaled/dermal) and sex (male/female).
Topics: Adult; Aromatherapy; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Oils, Volatile; Pilot Projects; Salvia; Sex Factors
PubMed: 32688401
DOI: 10.1055/a-1211-6325