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Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Apr 2017The review examines recent advances in the use of functional neuroimaging to study human obesity, a field that is rapidly expanding and continues to be of paramount... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The review examines recent advances in the use of functional neuroimaging to study human obesity, a field that is rapidly expanding and continues to be of paramount importance for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition. With rising levels of obesity worldwide and limited therapeutic options, there is a great need for the development of new solutions that can benefit patients.
RECENT FINDINGS
Studies that utilize functional neuroimaging are beginning to shed light on the nature of behavioral and neurocognitive dysfunctions previously identified in individuals with obesity. Significant progress has occurred in the study of reward-related processes, cognition-reward interactions, mechanisms of weight loss, genetic influences, and the case of obesity in children and adolescents. Research findings confirm that obesity and its related overeating behaviors are strongly associated with the brain, both at a regional level and a large-scale network level.
SUMMARY
Functional neuroimaging studies bring unprecedented levels of detail to examine the brain basis of obesity, and show promise for the development of future brain-based biomarkers and interventions in this condition.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Child; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Functional Neuroimaging; Humans; Mental Disorders; Pediatric Obesity; Reward; Weight Loss
PubMed: 28099209
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000324 -
Pediatric Annals Feb 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 36779878
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230102-01 -
Primary Care Mar 2016The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports a steady increase in obesity over the last 30 years. The... (Review)
Review
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports a steady increase in obesity over the last 30 years. The greatest increase was seen in 15 to 19 year olds, whose obesity prevalence almost doubled from 10.5% to 19.4%. The solution to pediatric obesity requires a multidisciplinary approach addressing cultural norms, technologic advances, and family engagement. Future treatment strategies to combat the obesity epidemic will have to extend beyond the health care provider's office. Behavior modification remains the key component to pediatric obesity prevention and treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Black or African American; Child; Child, Preschool; Family Health; Health Behavior; Health Promotion; Hematologic Tests; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Marketing; Nutrition Surveys; Pediatric Obesity; Physical Examination; Primary Health Care; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 26896196
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.007 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Aug 2018The treatment of childhood obesity represents a greater challenge for pediatricians. To date, it is multidisciplinary, including behavioral, dietary, pharmacological,... (Review)
Review
The treatment of childhood obesity represents a greater challenge for pediatricians. To date, it is multidisciplinary, including behavioral, dietary, pharmacological, and surgical options. Given the limited efficacy of available treatments, scientific research on finding new solutions is very active. Several drugs comprising Metformin, Glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor agonists, Naltrexone-bupropion, Phentermine-Topiramate, and Lorcaserin have been studied as pediatric antiobesity agents. Findings from clinical trials showed a modest but significant effect of these drugs on weight loss, but long-term studies are needed to better define their exact role. Bariatric surgery is also promising for extremely obese adolescents. Moreover, a novel approach to treat obesity might be represented by compounds inducing browning of white adipose tissue, a complex process involved in body energy homeostasis, but at present evidence in humans is lacking. We aimed to review the current knowledge regarding the available new options for pediatric obesity treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Obesity Agents; Bariatric Surgery; Benzazepines; Child; Diet; Humans; Naltrexone; Pediatric Obesity; Weight Loss
PubMed: 30086873
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.06.007 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Feb 2021Approximately 2.6 million people die each year secondary to obesity related diseases. The risk of developing serious comorbidities depends on the age of onset as well as... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Approximately 2.6 million people die each year secondary to obesity related diseases. The risk of developing serious comorbidities depends on the age of onset as well as duration of obesity. In this review, we discuss trends in BMI trajectories from early childhood to adulthood with latest evidence on comorbidities in adulthood stemming from pediatric obesity and benefits of early intervention and treatment in childhood obesity.
RECENT FINDINGS
Childhood obesity poses high risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and some types of cancer in adulthood. Early life obesity also increases risks of developing menstrual irregularities, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Several grave concerns including malignancies, autoimmune disorders, higher asthma morbidity, and psychiatric implications are found to be associated with childhood obesity. Disease outcomes can be transgenerational, causing suboptimal health in children of mothers with obesity. Encouragingly, many risks associated with childhood obesity can be reduced, delayed, or even reversed by early resolution of obesity necessitating close BMI monitoring and treatment early.
SUMMARY
Early identification and aggressive management of childhood obesity is critical in prevention of debilitating comorbidities in adult life.
VIDEO ABSTRACT
http://links.lww.com/COE/A19.
Topics: Adult; Child; Comorbidity; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33229926
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000592 -
World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP May 2015The prevalence of obesity among children is growing in China at present. Childhood obesity reflects complex interactions of genetic, environmental, social and behavioral... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of obesity among children is growing in China at present. Childhood obesity reflects complex interactions of genetic, environmental, social and behavioral factors. Foods, nutritional components, and food intake patterns may be associated with the increasing obesity rate in children.
DATA SOURCES
Articles about the relationship between childhood obesity and food intake were collected from the databases including Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Elsevier and Google Scholar.
RESULTS
Foods and nutritional components such as calcium, dietary fiber are inversely related to obesity, whereas others such as vitamin B and sugar-sweeten beverages play a positive role in obesity development. The differences in food intake pattern also influence the risk of obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Food intake is an important factor influencing childhood obesity. One strategy to prevent childhood obesity is to take foods of moderate amount in a proper pattern.
Topics: Child; China; Eating; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25920590
DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0018-2 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Aug 2022In this review, we discuss new medical and surgical options for the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. We review the impact of COVID-19 on this... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In this review, we discuss new medical and surgical options for the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. We review the impact of COVID-19 on this vulnerable population. We also discuss the recent availability of screening tests for rare genetic causes of obesity.
RECENT FINDINGS
COVID-19 increased the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. This population is at increased risk for severe disease. The field of pediatric obesity has benefited from the approval of two new antiobesity medications: liraglutide and setmelanotide. We discuss indications for their use. New guidelines for surgical options for the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity are reviewed. These options are increasingly used as part of the comprehensive care for these children.
SUMMARY
The epidemic of childhood obesity continues. COVID-19 and the associated isolation contributed to the problem. However, promising new medical and surgical therapies and screening tests for rare genetic causes of obesity are available. These new diagnostic and therapeutic options bring renewed enthusiasm to the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity and increased recognition that obesity is a chronic disease starting in childhood deserving intervention to prevent consequences.
Topics: Adolescent; COVID-19; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence
PubMed: 35797460
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001150 -
Nutrients Sep 2021This Special Issue concerns the theme of how parents may influence child and adolescent weight-related and obesity developments [...].
This Special Issue concerns the theme of how parents may influence child and adolescent weight-related and obesity developments [...].
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 34579062
DOI: 10.3390/nu13093185 -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Oct 2016
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Pediatrics
PubMed: 27634678
DOI: 10.1111/apa.13545 -
Primary Care Mar 2017The goal of this article is to inform new directions for addressing inequalities associated with obesity by reviewing current issues about diet and obesity among... (Review)
Review
The goal of this article is to inform new directions for addressing inequalities associated with obesity by reviewing current issues about diet and obesity among socioeconomically vulnerable and underserved populations. It highlights recent interventions in selected high-risk populations, as well as gaps in the knowledge base. It identifies future directions in policy and programmatic interventions to expand the role of primary care providers, with an emphasis on those aimed at preventing obesity and promoting healthy weight.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diet; Food Supply; Global Health; Ill-Housed Persons; Humans; Obesity; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors; United States; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 28164812
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2016.09.014