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Clinical and Translational Medicine Dec 2021Although microbioa-based therapies have shown putative effects on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is not clear how microbiota-derived...
BACKGROUND
Although microbioa-based therapies have shown putative effects on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is not clear how microbiota-derived metabolites contribute to the prevention of NAFLD. We explored the metabolomic signature of Lactobacillus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus in NAFLD mice and its association in NAFLD patients.
METHODS
We used Western diet-induced NAFLD mice, and L. lactis and P. pentosaceus were administered to animals in the drinking water at a concentration of 10 CFU/g for 8 weeks. NAFLD severity was determined based on liver/body weight, pathology and biochemistry markers. Caecal samples were collected for the metagenomics by 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolite profiles were obtained from caecum, liver and serum. Human stool samples (healthy control [n = 22] and NAFLD patients [n = 23]) were collected to investigate clinical reproducibility for microbiota-derived metabolites signature and metabolomics biomarker.
RESULTS
L. lactis and P. pentosaceus supplementation effectively normalized weight ratio, NAFLD activity score, biochemical markers, cytokines and gut-tight junction. While faecal microbiota varied according to the different treatments, key metabolic features including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and tryptophan metabolites were analogously restored by both probiotic supplementations. The protective effects of indole compounds were validated with in vitro and in vivo models, including anti-inflammatory effects. The metabolomic signatures were replicated in NAFLD patients, accompanied by the comparable levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which was significantly higher (4.3) compared with control (0.6). Besides, the consequent biomarker panel with six stool metabolites (indole, BAs, and SCFAs) showed 0.922 (area under the curve) in the diagnosis of NAFLD.
CONCLUSIONS
NAFLD progression was robustly associated with metabolic dys-regulations in the SCFAs, bile acid and indole compounds, and NAFLD can be accurately diagnosed using the metabolites. L. lactis and P. pentosaceus ameliorate NAFLD progression by modulating gut metagenomic and metabolic environment, particularly tryptophan pathway, of the gut-liver axis.
Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Cellular Reprogramming; Diet, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Metabolome; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Quinolines
PubMed: 34965016
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.634 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been consumed by people in several fermented foods such as dairy products. A study was conducted on lactating dairy cows to isolate...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been consumed by people in several fermented foods such as dairy products. A study was conducted on lactating dairy cows to isolate and characterize LAB from dairy products found in and around Bahir-Dar city, North Western Ethiopia. Milk and milk products were randomly collected from dairy farms, milk vending shops, individual households, and supermarkets for bacteriological investigations. A total of sixteen samples were taken from different sources and cultured on different selective media: de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar for spp.; M17 agar for spp.; Rogasa SL agar for spp.; and MRS supplemented with cysteine (0.5%) for spp. Different laboratory techniques were implemented for LAB isolation and identification. A total of 41 bacterial isolates were grouped under five different genera of LAB and spp. were identified based on the growth morphology on the selective media, growth at a different temperature, gas production from glucose, carbohydrate fermentation, and other biochemical tests. LAB genera such as , , , , , and spp. were isolated and identified from raw milk, cheese, and yogurt. Based on the current study, the majority of the LAB (24.38%) was isolated from cheese and yogurt. Among these, , (21.94%), (19.51%), (14.64%), (12.19%), and (7.31%) spp. were also identified from these products. Furthermore, based on the bacterial load count and different identification methodologies, our study revealed that spp. were the dominant LAB isolated from milk and milk products. As a result, since there are few studies on the isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from dairy products in Ethiopia, more research studies are needed to complete the identification and characterization to species level and their possible role as probiotics.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Cattle; Dairy Products; Dairying; Ethiopia; Female; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus; Leuconostoc; Milk; Pediococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 34421398
DOI: 10.1155/2021/4697445 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Gut dysbiosis is closely associated with the outbreak of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psychiatric disorder. The Enterobacteriaceae population was higher in the...
Gut dysbiosis is closely associated with the outbreak of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psychiatric disorder. The Enterobacteriaceae population was higher in the feces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-F) than in those of healthy control volunteers (HC-F). The Enterococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae populations were higher in the feces of IBD patients with depression (IBD/D-F) vs. the feces of IBD patients without depression (IBD/D-F). Therefore, we examined the effects of Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Cronobacter sakazakii, Enterococcus faecium, and Pediococcus acidolactici overpopulated in IBD/D-F and their byproducts LPS and exopolysaccharide (EPS) on the occurrence of depression and colitis in mice. Oral gavages of Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Cronobacter sakazakii belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, singly or together, caused dose-dependently colitis and depression-like behaviors in germ-free and specific-pathogen-free mice. Although Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidolactici did not significantly cause colitis and depression-like behaviors, they significantly deteriorated Klebsiella oxytoca- or Escherichia coli-induced colitis, neuroinflammation, and anxiety/depression-like behaviors and increased blood LPS, corticosterone, and IL-6 levels. The EPSs from Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidolactici also worsened Klebsiella oxytoca LPS-induced colitis, neuroinflammation, and depression-like behaviors in mice and increased the translocation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated LPS into the hippocampus. However, Bifidobacterium longum, which was lower in IBD/D-F vs. IBD/D-F, or its EPS suppressed them. In conclusion, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidolactici, known as a probiotic strain, and their EPSs may be a risk factor for the outbreak of depression and IBD.
Topics: Animals; Colitis; Depression; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecium; Escherichia coli; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Pediococcus acidilactici
PubMed: 35672451
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13629-9 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2022The objective of this study was to isolate multifunctional bacteriocin-producing strains; to characterize the expressed bacteriocin for the control of Listeria...
AIMS
The objective of this study was to isolate multifunctional bacteriocin-producing strains; to characterize the expressed bacteriocin for the control of Listeria monocytogenes and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; to evaluate the safety of studied strains; and to explore their antifungal activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Two Pediococcus strains were isolated from silage samples obtained from an organic farm in Belogradchik, Bulgaria. The strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and characterized as bacteriocins producers. Strong antimicrobial activity was detected against more than 74 different strains of Listeria monocytogenes, 27 different vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus strains. In addition, studied strains were able to inhibit the growth of strains of Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium expansum. Some aspects of the antimicrobial mode of action were evaluated, including killing curves and aggregation properties. Both strains generated positive PCR results for the presence of pediocin PA-1, but not for other bacteriocins evaluated in this screening process. Metabolomic analysis of the cell-free supernatants from both strains was performed in order to explain the observed antifungal activity against different moulds. According to PCA and PLS-DA score plot, P. acidilactici ST3522BG and P. pentosaceus ST3633BG were clearly clustered from control (MRS). Increases in the production of benzoic acid, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, β-phenyl-lactic acid, α-hydroxybutyric acid and 1,3-butanediol were recorded, these metabolites were previously described as antifungal.
CONCLUSIONS
Pediococcus acidilactici ST3522BG and P. pentosaceus ST3633BG were evaluated as producing bacteriocin strains with high specificity against Listeria and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species. In addition, both investigated Pediococcus strains were evaluated as producer of effective antifungal metabolites with potential for the inhibition of mycotoxin-producing moulds.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
To the best of our knowledge, this report is a pioneer in the evaluation of Pediococcus strains isolated from silage with highly specific bacteriocinogenic antimicrobial activity against Listeria spp. and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., and antifungal activity against mycotoxin-producing moulds.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriocins; Listeria monocytogenes; Pediococcus; Pediococcus acidilactici; Pediococcus pentosaceus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Silage
PubMed: 34231288
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15205 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2021Lactic acid bacteria represent a worthwhile organism within the microbial consortium for the food sector, health, and biotechnological applications. They tend to offer... (Review)
Review
Lactic acid bacteria represent a worthwhile organism within the microbial consortium for the food sector, health, and biotechnological applications. They tend to offer high stability to environmental conditions, with an indicated increase in product yield, alongside their moderate antimicrobial activity. Lack of endotoxins and inclusion bodies, extracellular secretion, and surface display with other unique properties, are all winning attributes of these Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, of which, is progressively becoming an attractive and promising host, as the next-generation probiotic comparable with other well-known model systems. Here, we presented the biotechnological developments in bacteriocin expression system, contemporary variegated models of and lactic acid bacteria strains as microbial cell factory, most recent applications as possible live delivery vector for use as therapeutics, as well as upsurging challenges and future perspective. With the radical introduction of artificial intelligence and neural network in Synthetic Biology, the microbial usage of lactic acid bacteria as an alternative eco-friendly strain, with safe use properties compared with the already known conventional strains is expected to see an increase in various food and biotechnological applications in years to come as it offers better hope of safety, accuracy, and higher efficiency.
PubMed: 35237589
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.802031 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2016In the modern era, there is great need for food preservation in both developing and developed countries due to increasing demand for extending shelf life and prevention... (Review)
Review
In the modern era, there is great need for food preservation in both developing and developed countries due to increasing demand for extending shelf life and prevention of spoilage of food material. With the emergence of new pathogens and ability of micro-organisms to undergo changes, exploration of new avenues for the food preservation has gained importance. Moreover, awareness among consumers regarding harmful effects of chemical preservatives has been increased. Globally, altogether there is increasing demand by consumers for chemical-free and minimal processed food products. Potential of bacteriocin and its application in reducing the microbiological spoilages and in the preservation of food is long been recognized. Bacteriocins are normally specific to closely related species without disrupting the growth of other microbial populations. A number of applications of bacteriocin have been reported for humans, live stock, aquaculture etc. This review is focused on recent trends and applications of bacteriocins in different areas in addition to their biopreservative potential.
Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteriocins; Bread; Dairy Products; Food Contamination; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Food Preservatives; Food Safety; Fruit; Humans; Infant Food; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus; Meat Products; Pediococcus; Streptococcus; Vegetables
PubMed: 25117970
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.729231 -
Biotechnology Advances 2017Probiotics have gained increasing attention due to several health benefits related to the human digestive and immune systems. Pediococcus spp. are lactic acid bacteria... (Review)
Review
Probiotics have gained increasing attention due to several health benefits related to the human digestive and immune systems. Pediococcus spp. are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are widely described as probiotics and characterized as coccus-shaped bacteria (arranged in tetrads), Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore forming, catalase-negative, and facultative anaerobes. There are many Pediococcus strains that produce pediocin, an effective antilisterial bacteriocin. Pediocins are small, cationic molecules consisting of a conserved hydrophilic N-terminal portion containing the YGNGV motif and an amphiphilic or hydrophobic C-terminal variable portion. A number of studies have been developed with Pediococcus isolated from multiple biological niches to conduct fermentation processes for pediocin or Pediococcus cell production. This review gathers the most significant information about the cultivation, mode of action, and variability of bacteriocins produced by Pediococcus spp., emphasizing their applications in the areas of food and clinical practice. This updated panorama assists in delimiting the challenges that still need to be overcome for pediocin use to be approved for human consumption and the food industry.
Topics: Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Pediocins; Pediococcus; Probiotics
PubMed: 28284993
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.03.004 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary fibrosis. So far, there are no effective therapies to slow down the progression of this disease. Farnesoid X receptors (FXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in the control of bile acid (BA) synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, targeting FXRs holds promise as a potential approach for treating PSC. Li05 is a probiotic that was isolated from healthy volunteers and has previously been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis. In this study, we established a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-Dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced cholestasis mouse model and investigated the effects of Li05 on PSC. Our findings revealed that administration of Li05 significantly attenuated liver damage, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as bile duct hyperplasia. Li05 activated the hepatic FXR-SHP and ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling pathways to decrease the expression of Cyp7a1. In addition, the Li05-modulated gut microbiota structure especially improved the abundance of 7α-dehydroxylation bacteria like . The intervention of Li05 also improved the intestinal barrier and reduced bacterial endotoxin translocation. Based on these findings, Li05 shows promise for future application as a therapeutic strategy for cholestasis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Liver; Probiotics; Endotoxins; Fibrosis
PubMed: 38068723
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234864 -
Microbial Cell Factories May 2022Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen. Pediocin is a group IIα bacteriocin with anti-listeria activity that is naturally produced by Pediococcus acidilactic...
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen. Pediocin is a group IIα bacteriocin with anti-listeria activity that is naturally produced by Pediococcus acidilactic and Lactobacillus plantarum. The pedA/papA gene encodes pediocin/plantaricin. In native hosts, the expression and secretion of active PedA/PapA protein rely on the accessory protein PedC/PapC and ABC transporter PedD/PapD on the same operon. The excretion machines were also necessary for pediocin protein expression in heterologous hosts of E. coli, Lactobacillus lactis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. In this study, two vectors carrying the codon sequence of the mature PapA peptide were constructed, one with and one without a His tag. Both fragments were inserted into the plasmid pHT43 and transformed into Bacillus subtilis WB800N. The strains were induced with IPTG to secrete the fused proteins PA1 and PA2. Supernatants from both recombinant strains can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes ATCC54003 directly. The fused protein possesses inhibition activity as a whole dispense with removal of the leading peptide. This is the first report of active pediocin/PapA expression without the assistance of PedCD/PapCD in heterogeneous hosts. In addition, the PA1 protein can be purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) metal affinity chromatography.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bacteriocins; Escherichia coli; Pediocins; Pediococcus
PubMed: 35643507
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01829-x -
Diabetologia Nov 2023Modulation of gut microbiota has emerged as a promising strategy to treat or prevent the development of different metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and...
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
Modulation of gut microbiota has emerged as a promising strategy to treat or prevent the development of different metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Previous data from our group suggest that the strain Pediococcus acidilactici CECT9879 (pA1c) could be an effective probiotic for regulating glucose metabolism. Hence, the objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of pA1c on glycaemic regulation in diet-induced obese mice and to evaluate whether the combination of pA1c with other normoglycaemic ingredients, such as chromium picolinate (PC) and oat β-glucans (BGC), could increase the efficacy of this probiotic on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
METHODS
Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a screening model to describe the potential synbiotic activities, together with the underlying mechanisms of action. In addition, 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFS) for 6 weeks to induce hyperglycaemia and obesity. Mice were then divided into eight groups (n=12 mice/group) according to dietary supplementation: control-diet group; HFS group; pA1c group (10 colony-forming units/day); PC; BGC; pA1c+PC+BGC; pA1c+PC; and pA1c+BGC. Supplementations were maintained for 10 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was determined and an IPGTT was performed prior to euthanasia. Fat depots, liver and other organs were weighed, and serum biochemical variables were analysed. Gene expression analyses were conducted by real-time quantitative PCR. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from faecal samples of each group was performed, and differential abundance for family, genera and species was analysed by ALDEx2R package.
RESULTS
Supplementation with the synbiotic (pA1c+PC+BGC) counteracted the effect of the high glucose by modulating the insulin-IGF-1 signalling pathway in C. elegans, through the reversal of the glucose nuclear localisation of daf-16. In diet-induced obese mice, all groups supplemented with the probiotic significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance after an IPGTT, demonstrating the glycaemia-regulating effect of pA1c. Further, mice supplemented with pA1c+PC+BGC exhibited lower fasting blood glucose, a reduced proportion of visceral adiposity and a higher proportion of muscle tissue, together with an improvement in the brown adipose tissue in comparison with the HFS group. Besides, the effect of the HFS diet on steatosis and liver damage was normalised by the synbiotic. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that the synbiotic activity was mediated not only by modulation of the insulin-IGF-1 signalling pathway, through the overexpression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 mediators, but also by a decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1. 16S metagenomics demonstrated that the synbiotic combinations allowed an increase in the concentration of P. acidilactici, together with improvements in the intestinal microbiota such as a reduction in Prevotella and an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION
Our data suggest that the combination of pA1c with PC and BGC could be a potential synbiotic for blood glucose regulation and may help to fight insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Male; Synbiotics; Caenorhabditis elegans; Pediococcus acidilactici; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Mice, Obese; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Diet, High-Fat; Insulin; Glucose
PubMed: 37584728
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05981-w