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Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2022This study aimed to investigate the contamination levels of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the landfill leachates and their correlations with the...
AIM
This study aimed to investigate the contamination levels of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the landfill leachates and their correlations with the bacteria.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Using HPLC-MS, quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, we measured the pollution levels of 14 antibiotics and 10 ARGs in the leachates of the landfill in Taiyuan, China, and analysed changes in the bacterial community and the correlations of bacteria with antibiotics and ARGs. The main results showed high levels of antibiotics (like enrofloxacin, pefloxacin and oxytetracycline) and ARGs (like sulfonamides, tetracycline, macrolides, quinolones and β-lactam-resistance genes) in the landfill leachates, along with higher diversity and richness of the bacteria. Some types of antibiotics had positive correlations with their corresponding ARGs. The dominant bacteria in the landfill leachates were Pseudomonas, Defluviitoga and Sulfurimonas, which correlated with the antibiotics and ARGs and might have potential effects on degrading them.
CONCLUSIONS
Antibiotics and ARG pollution existed in the landfill leachates, while bacteria were closely associated with them.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
It will provide helpful information for the potential application of the bacteria in antibiotics and ARGs pollution control and landfill leachate management.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34297455
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15229 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2019In this work, the photolysis of enrofloxacin (ENR), pefloxacin (PEF), and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) in aqueous solution by UV combined with HO or ferrous ions (Fe(II)), as...
Photolysis of enrofloxacin, pefloxacin and sulfaquinoxaline in aqueous solution by UV/HO, UV/Fe(II), and UV/HO/Fe(II) and the toxicity of the final reaction solutions on zebrafish embryos.
In this work, the photolysis of enrofloxacin (ENR), pefloxacin (PEF), and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) in aqueous solution by UV combined with HO or ferrous ions (Fe(II)), as well as Fenton (Fe(II)/HO) processes, was investigated. In addition, the toxicity of the final reaction solution after UV/HO/Fe(II) treatment toward zebrafish embryos was determined. The degradation of the test compounds followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The optimum concentrations of HO for ENR, PEF and SQX removal under UV/HO treatment were 20, 20 and 5 mM, respectively. The optimum concentrations of Fe(II) for ENR, PEF and SQX removal in the UV/Fe(II) system were 0.25, 10, and 1 mM, respectively. For the UV/HO/Fe(II) system, pH = 3 is the best initial pH for the degradation of ENR, PEF and SQX with the degradation efficiencies at 100%, 79.1% and 100% after 180 min, respectively. Considering the degradation rate and electrical energy per order of the test compounds, the UV/HO/Fe(II) process was better than the UV/HO and UV/Fe(II) processes because of the greater OH generation. Based on major transformation products of ENR, PEF, and SQX detected during UV/HO/Fe(II) treatment, the probable degradation pathway of each compound is proposed. The fluorine atom of ENR and PEF was transformed into fluorine ion, and the sulfur atom was transformed into SO/SO. The nitrogen atom was mainly transformed into NH/NH. Formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, and fumaric acid were identified in the irradiated solutions and all the test compounds and their intermediates can be finally mineralized. In addition, after the UV/HO/Fe(II) process, the acute toxicity of the final reaction solutions on zebrafish embryos was lower than that of the initial solution without any treatment. In summary, UV/HO/Fe(II) is a safe and efficient technology for antibiotic degradation.
Topics: Animals; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Enrofloxacin; Ferrous Compounds; Fluoroquinolones; Hydrogen Peroxide; Pefloxacin; Photolysis; Sulfaquinoxaline; Ultraviolet Rays; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 30360275
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.315 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Apr 2022In this study, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method used to simultaneously determine levels of...
In this study, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method used to simultaneously determine levels of four fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, and pefloxacin) and two antipsychotics (diazepam and methaqualone) in fish and shrimp. The samples were extracted with a mixture of anhydrous sodium sulfate and acetonitrile, and purified by C cartridge solid-phase extraction with an optimized eluent. The MS method was applied to recognize the molecular structure of these compounds according to a main fragmentation scheme. The key ions of identification and quantification were deduced from chemical structures. Multiple reaction monitoring was used to quantitatively analyse the compounds of interest. Satisfactory linearities were obtained ( ≥0.99) with the limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranging between 0.03 and 1.96 μg kg. The recoveries were 74-122%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 4.9% for these compounds at the spiking level of three, five, and ten times the LODs, respectively. The LC-MS/MS method allows precise and sensitive determination of residues of six important banned veterinary drugs in fish and shrimp tissue. This methodological approach solved the problem imposed by the need for two or more analysis methods to analyse the compounds of interest described in this study.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Crustacea; Fishes; Fluoroquinolones; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35302928
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2032381 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2022The topsoils and atmospheric dust aerosols of the various areas of the city of Moscow were studied. Most of the dust samples contained a considerable number of particles...
The topsoils and atmospheric dust aerosols of the various areas of the city of Moscow were studied. Most of the dust samples contained a considerable number of particles enriched in phosphorus - a sign of contamination by feces. A variety of species, including opportunistic and pathogenic species, were isolated from the topsoil and dust samples and identified using 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences: and . The greatest diversity of pathogens was isolated from spring soil and dust samples immediately after spring snowmelt. Antibiotic resistance of the isolated strains was tested using disks with a wide range of antimicrobial drugs: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Meropenem, Pefloxacin, Streptomycin, Ticarcillin+clavulanic acid, Fosfomycin, Ceftibuten, Ciprofloxacin. Resistance was observed in more than 22% of strains. The traffic area had a significant number of antibiotic-resistant strains, clearly indicating a high health risk from soil and dust exposure.
PubMed: 35909602
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100124 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2022In this paper, one kind of acid-alkali modified sludge-based biochar (ASBC) was synthesized, characterized, and employed as adsorbent for the removal of pefloxacin. The...
In this paper, one kind of acid-alkali modified sludge-based biochar (ASBC) was synthesized, characterized, and employed as adsorbent for the removal of pefloxacin. The characterization results showed that the specific surface area (SSA) of ASBC (53.381 m/g) was significantly higher than that of SBC (24.411 m/g). ASBC had a rougher surface, larger particle distribution, lower zero point charge, and richer functional groups (e.g., C-O and O-H) than SBC. The adsorption capacity of ASBC was 1.82 times than that of SBC. After 8 adsorption cycles in reuse experiment, the adsorption capacity of ASBC for pefloxacin still reached 144.08 mg/L, indicating that ASBC has good reusability. Static experiments showed that the optimal pH value was 6.0 in the adsorption of pefloxacin on SBC and ASBC. The result of adsorption kinetics indicated that the pseudo-second-order model could describe well the adsorption process. The Freundlich model was better than the Langmuir model to describe the adsorption of pefloxacin by ASBC, indicating that the adsorption process was mainly multilayer adsorption. Thermodynamic result showed that the adsorption of pefloxacin by ASBC was spontaneous and endothermic. The removal mechanism of pefloxacin by ASBC is mainly the substitution reaction and π-π EDA interaction. In summary, acid-alkali modified biochar is an effective adsorbent for pefloxacin in aqueous solution, and has great application prospects.
Topics: Adsorption; Alkalies; Charcoal; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Pefloxacin; Sewage; Thermodynamics; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35091955
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18220-9 -
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health... Jan 2021Accurately identifying microbe-drug associations plays a critical role in drug development and precision medicine. Considering that the conventional wet-lab method is...
Accurately identifying microbe-drug associations plays a critical role in drug development and precision medicine. Considering that the conventional wet-lab method is time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive, computational approach is an alternative choice. The increasing availability of numerous biological data provides a great opportunity to systematically understand complex interaction mechanisms between microbes and drugs. However, few computational methods have been developed for microbe drug prediction. In this work, we leverage multiple sources of biomedical data to construct a heterogeneous network for microbes and drugs, including drug-drug interactions, microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-drug associations. And then we propose a novel Heterogeneous Network Embedding Representation framework for Microbe-Drug Association prediction, named (HNERMDA), by combining metapath2vec with bipartite network recommendation. In this framework, we introduce metapath2vec, a heterogeneous network representation learning method, to learn low-dimensional embedding representations for microbes and drugs. Following that, we further design a bias bipartite network projection recommendation algorithm to improve prediction accuracy. Comprehensive experiments on two datasets, named MDAD and aBiofilm, demonstrated that our model consistently outperformed five baseline methods in three types of cross-validations. Case study on two popular drugs (i.e., Ciprofloxacin and Pefloxacin) further validated the effectiveness of our HNERMDA model in inferring potential target microbes for drugs.
Topics: Algorithms; Drug Interactions; Humans
PubMed: 32750918
DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2020.2998906 -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Sep 2017This paper aims to compare and analyze clinical efficacy of azithromycin and pefloxacin in treatment of acute enteritis. The 160 patients with acute enteritis were... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This paper aims to compare and analyze clinical efficacy of azithromycin and pefloxacin in treatment of acute enteritis. The 160 patients with acute enteritis were randomly divided into a study group (n=80) treated with azithromycin, and a reference group (n=80) treated with pefloxacin. We compared overall treatment efficiency (markedly, effective, invalid), clinical symptoms and signs remission time (antipyretic time, antidiarrheal time, symptoms and signs disappearance time), interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concentration before and after treatment, adverse reactions rate (nausea, abdominal pain, headache, etc.). In comparison of overall treatment efficiency of the two groups, the results showed that the study group was significantly superior to the reference group (P<0.05). In comparison of clinical symptoms and signs remission time of the two groups, the study group were significantly shorter than the reference group (P<0.05). At the same time, in comparison of levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concentration after treatment, the study group was significantly superior to the reference group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in incidence of adverse reactions (P<0.05). The efficacy of azithromycin for acute enteritis is better than that of pefloxacin, and it can significantly reduce clinical symptom remission time. Moreover, safe and reliable, it has great value in clinical application.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; C-Reactive Protein; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Pefloxacin; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 29084657
DOI: No ID Found -
Kansas Journal of Medicine 2023Intra-articular antibiotics have been proposed as a treatment for septic arthritis to allow for high local concentrations without subjecting a patient to the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Intra-articular antibiotics have been proposed as a treatment for septic arthritis to allow for high local concentrations without subjecting a patient to the toxicity/side effects of systemic therapy. However, there is concern for chondrotoxicity with intra-articular use of these solutions in high concentrations. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the intra-articular use of antibiotics and antiseptic solutions, and to determine their association with chondrolysis following or administration.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines through PubMed, Clinical Key, OVID, and Google Scholar. Studies in English were included if they evaluated for chondrotoxicity following antibiotic exposure.
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 228 studies, with 36 studies meeting criteria. These 36 studies included manuscripts that studied 24 different agents. Overall, 7 of the 24 (29%) agents were non-chondrotoxic: minocycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, pefloxacin, linezolid, polymyxin-bacitracin. Eight (33%) agents had inconsistent results: doxycycline, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, chlorhexidine, and povidone iodine. Chondrotoxicity was evident with 9 (38%) agents, all of which were also dose-dependent chondrotoxic based on reported estimated half maximal inhibitory concentrations (est. IC50): amikacin (est. IC50 = 0.31-2.74 mg/mL), neomycin (0.82), cefazolin (1.67-3.95), ceftazidime (3.16-3.59), ampicillin-sulbactam (8.64 - >25), penicillin (11.61), amoxicillin (14.01), imipenem (>25), and tobramycin (>25). Additionally, chondroprotective effects of doxycycline and minocycline were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review identified agents that may be used in the treatment of septic arthritis. Nine agents should be avoided due to their dose-dependent chondrotoxic effects. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety of these medications for human intra-articular use.
PubMed: 37954883
DOI: 10.17161/kjm.vol16.20357 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research May 2017The emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in enteric fever despite the pathogen being susceptible by in vitro laboratory results, led to repeated changes in...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
The emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in enteric fever despite the pathogen being susceptible by in vitro laboratory results, led to repeated changes in Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines for this class of antibiotics to have specific and sensitive interpretative criteria. In 2015, CLSI added pefloxacin disk diffusion criteria as a surrogate marker for fluoroquinolone susceptibility. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of pefloxacin as a surrogate marker for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin susceptibility in clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi A.
METHODS
A total of 412 strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A were studied for pefloxacin disk diffusion test as a surrogate marker for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin as per CLSI and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones were also determined and correlated with pefloxacin susceptibility breakpoints.
RESULTS
Of the total 412 strains, 34 were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 33 each to levofloxacin and ofloxacin using CLSI minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints. There was a positive correlation between MICs with correlation coefficients 0.917, 0.896 and 0.958 for the association between ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and ofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively (P <0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of pefloxacin as a surrogate marker using ciprofloxacin MIC as a gold standard were 100, 99.5 and 94.4 per cent, while 100, 99.2 and 91.7 per cent taking ofloxacin and levofloxacin MIC as gold standard. Mutations in target genes correlated with the pefloxacin susceptibility results.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that pefloxacin served as a good surrogate marker for the detection of susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin in S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Mutation; Paratyphoid Fever; Pefloxacin; Salmonella enterica; Salmonella paratyphi A
PubMed: 28948961
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_494_16 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Aug 2016Hospital effluents are a source of environmental pollution by drugs, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and resistance genes. Quinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, are...
INTRODUCTION
Hospital effluents are a source of environmental pollution by drugs, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and resistance genes. Quinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, are commonly detected in these effluents, contributing to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to characterize ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in hospital effluents.
METHODOLOGY
Isolates were selected on Tergitol-7 agar supplemented with ciprofloxacin and genotyped by ERIC-PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the agar dilution method. Resistance genes, integrons, phylogenetic groups, and sequence types were identified by PCR and sequencing.
RESULTS
A total of 17 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were characterized: Escherichia coli, Escherichia vulneris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii, and Citrobacter koseri/farmeri. Isolates presented concomitant resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin. A diversity in mutation patterns in gyrA and parC genes and new amino-acid substitutions in GyrA subunit were observed. Quinolone plasmidic resistance genes qnrB1, qnrB2, qnrB5/19, qnrS1, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected. Resistance to other antibiotic classes was observed. Class 1 integrons and resistance genes blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, aadA1/2, aadA5, aph(3')-Ia, aac(3)II, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, and dfrA12 were detected. Bacterial tolerance to cadmium, zinc, and mercury was observed with the presence of the merA gene. E. coli isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups A, B1, and D and to sequence types ST405, ST443, ST101, ST10, and ST347.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlighted bacterial multidrug resistance linked to ciprofloxacin and, consequently, the risk of bacterial exposure to this antibiotic.
Topics: Algeria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Hospitals; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Wastewater
PubMed: 27482804
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.6727