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Food Science of Animal Resources Jan 2020This study aimed to determine the current prevalence, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance rate and patterns of nontyphoid (NTS) in slaughter sheep and...
This study aimed to determine the current prevalence, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance rate and patterns of nontyphoid (NTS) in slaughter sheep and their edible offal. While filling the gap of up to date related information in Turkey, data presented is also of significance since contamination of ovine meat, its products and offal with this pathogen is threat to public health due to their considerably high consumption rates in our country. Current NTS carriage in 200 apparently healthy slaughter sheep by ISO 6579:2002, 6579:2002/A1:2007 standard bacteriology (ISO) was 5% (10/200) (4 fecal content - 2%, 3 mesenterial lymph node - 1.5%, 3 kidney - 1.5%) out of 1,400 samples (0.7%), with no isolation from carcass, liver, gallbladder, spleen. Real-time PCR was in substantial agreement to ISO in confirming -suspect isolates (Relative Trueness: 93.6%). . Newport (40%) was the predominant serovar, followed by the second prevalent serovars as . Typhimurium and . Kentucky (20%), and by . Umbilo and . Corvallis (10%). Four and 6 out of 10 NTS isolates were susceptible (40%) and resistant (60%) to 18 antimicrobials, respectively. . Typhimurium isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) to tigecycline and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, with one also resistant to cefepime. . Corvallis was MDR to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin. The predominance of . Newport and first isolation of . Corvallis in sheep in the world; first time isolations of Newport, Kentucky, Corvallis, Umbilo serovars from sheep in Turkey; and high antimicrobial resistance rates obtained in majority of the isolates highlights study findings.
PubMed: 31970328
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e75 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023Plant growth and the development of morphological traits in plants are inhibited under exposure to pharmaceuticals that are present in soil and water. The present study...
Plant growth and the development of morphological traits in plants are inhibited under exposure to pharmaceuticals that are present in soil and water. The present study revealed that moxifloxacin (MOXI), nalidixic acid (NAL), levofloxacin (LVF) and pefloxacin (PEF) at concentrations of >0.29, >0.48, >0.62 and >1.45 mg × L, respectively, inhibited the growth (Ir) of duckweed plants and decreased their yield (Iy). In the current study, none of the tested quinolones (QNs) at any of the examined concentrations were lethal for common duckweed plants. However, at the highest concentration (12.8 mg × L), LVF increased Ir and Iy values by 82% on average and increased the values of NAL, PEF and MOXI by 62% on average. All tested QNs led to the loss of assimilation pigments. In consequence, all QNs, except for LVF, induced changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), without any effect on phaeophytinization quotient (PQ) values. The uptake of NAL, MOXI, LVF by during the 7-day chronic toxicity test was directly proportional to drug concentrations in the growth medium. Nalidixic acid was absorbed in the largest quantities, whereas in the group of fluoroquinolones (FQNs), MOXI, LVF and PEF were less effectively absorbed by common duckweed. This study demonstrated that biosorption by occurs regardless of the plants' condition. These findings indicate that can be used as an effective biological method to remove QNs from wastewater and water and that biosorption should be a mandatory process in conventional water and wastewater treatment.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Biomarkers; Quinolones; Nalidixic Acid; Plants; Araceae; Water
PubMed: 36981998
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065089 -
RSC Advances Mar 2022The overuse of veterinary drugs and veterinary drug residues is increasingly becoming an obstacle to sustainable development worldwide. It is therefore imperative to...
The overuse of veterinary drugs and veterinary drug residues is increasingly becoming an obstacle to sustainable development worldwide. It is therefore imperative to establish a quantitative, sensitive and efficient method for the detection of veterinary drugs. Herein, we developed a visual microfluidic detection platform for rapid and sensitive detection of veterinary drugs using CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with three different ligands as the sensing units. Green-emissive 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-CdTe QDs, yellow-emissive thioglycolic acid (TGA)-CdTe QDs and orange-emissive -acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC)-CdTe QDs were synthesized by a sulfhydryl aqueous phase method. These CdTe QDs show selective rapid fluorescence response to pefloxacin (PEF), malachite green (MG), and 1-aminohydantoin hydrochloride (AHD). With the concentration of veterinary drugs increasing, the CdTe QDs reveals a fluorescence color variation from bright to dark until quenched and the response degree of CdTe QDs with different ligands to veterinary drugs is different. Specifically, the limits of detection (LODs) of MPA-CdTe, TGA-CdTe and NAC-CdTe QDs probes for PEF were 7.57 μM, 1.75 μM and 2.90 μM, respectively, and the response was complete in a few seconds, realizing the sensitive and rapid detection of PEF. The three kinds of CdTe QDs could also be used in the detection of other veterinary drugs such as MG and AHD. Finally, a microfluidic detection platform was constructed for visual sensing and rapid detection towards veterinary drugs. The sensor platform holds the advantages of simple operation, low cost, rapid sensing and good sensitivity, and is potentially useful for visual quantitative detection of veterinary drug residues in aquatic products and the environment.
PubMed: 35424796
DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00626j -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022The extraction of quinolone antibiotics (QAs) is crucial for the environment and human health. In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/covalent organic framework TpPa-1...
The extraction of quinolone antibiotics (QAs) is crucial for the environment and human health. In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/covalent organic framework TpPa-1 nanofiber was prepared by an electrospinning technique and used as an adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) of five QAs in the honey and pork. The morphology and structure of the adsorbent were characterized, and the extraction and desorption conditions for the targeted analytes were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, a sensitive method was developed by using PAN/TpPa-1 nanofiber as an adsorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for five QAs detection. It offered good linearity in the ranges of 0.5-200 ng·mL for pefloxacin, enrofloxacin, and orbifloxacin, and of 1-200 ng·mL for norfloxacin and sarafloxacin with correlation coefficients above 0.9946. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of five QAs ranged from 0.03 to 0.133 ng·mL. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations of the five QAs with the spiked concentration of 50 ng·mL were 2.8-4.0 and 3.0-8.8, respectively. The recoveries of five QAs in the honey and pork samples were 81.6-119.7%, which proved that the proposed method has great potential for the efficient extraction and determination of QAs in complex samples.
PubMed: 35889706
DOI: 10.3390/nano12142482 -
Current Drug Discovery Technologies 2018Fluoroquinolones have been the centre of considerable scientific and clinical interest due to their broad spectrum pharmacological activities. Pefloxacin is an analogue...
BACKGROUND
Fluoroquinolones have been the centre of considerable scientific and clinical interest due to their broad spectrum pharmacological activities. Pefloxacin is an analogue of norfloxacin, which is a 3rd generation of fluoroquinolone antibiotic similar to ciprofloxacin. Pefloxacin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections like respiratory tract, ear, nose and throat (ENT) infections, skin infections, and urinary tract infections. Hydrazone as a pharmacophore unit that attracts the medicinal chemists because of structure activity relationship (SAR) studies of fluoroquinolones especially the functionality at C-3 position. Consequently, recognition and development of potential ligands specifically for a protein target forms the primary goal in drug discovery process. Among the different theoretical approaches available, Gold and Glide are the molecular docking methods which find application protein ligand studies. In the current study, the DNA gyrase of Staphylococcus aureus has been used as the target protein to understand their possible interactions.
METHODS
The crystal structure of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) was downloaded from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 2XCS, 3FOE) and molecular docking studies were performed using the docking programs like Gold 3.2 (Genetic Algorithm for Ligand Docking), Glide 5.0 (Grid Based Ligand Docking with Energetic). Melting points were uncorrected and determined in open capillary tubes in a melting point apparatus. TLC was performed on silica gel-G and spotting was done using iodine/ KMnO4 staining or UV-light. The following experimental procedures are representive of the general procedures used to synthesize all compounds.
RESULTS
The docking experiments of the title compounds with 2.1 Å crystal structure of DNA gyrase 2XCS, 3FOE using Gold 3.2 and Glide 5.0 is carried out to understand the binding interactions of the novel ligands with the protein, contributing for antibacterial activity. The compounds in general exhibited good binding interactions like H-bonding interaction and π-π interactions which stabilize the protein-ligand complexes and responsible for good fitness scores in both the protocols.
CONCLUSION
In summary, a new series of novel pefloxacin hydrazones 5a-5n were studied for their interactions with Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase protein by Glide 5.0 and Gold 3.2 molecular docking protocols [PDB IDS: 2XCS, 3FOE]. Among the tested molecules, compound 5g exhibited a good Glide score value of - 7.73 and Glide energy -51.24 with emodel value of -66.16. The nice docking scores of 5g, 5a, 8h, 5m and 5b revealed that these compounds are well accommodated on the active site residues of DNA gyrase enzyme. From the docking study, we have explored the probable binding mode and the binding pattern of compounds 5f, 5l, 5h, 5d, and 5n showed that they strongly interact with in the active site of Staphylococcus aureus of DNA gyrase enzyme. From screening results it is found that compounds having aromatic ring substituted with electron releasing groups are showing potent docking scores and exhibited better fitness than reference compounds CPF and CA4. An efficient combination of molecular modeling and biological activity provided an insight into QSAR guide lines that could aid in further development and optimization of the pefloxacin derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 28875852
DOI: 10.2174/1570163814666170829142044 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Feb 2022There has been extensive research on antibiotics exposure in adults by biomonitoring, but the biological mechanisms and potential risks to human health remain limited....
The exposure levels and health risk assessment of antibiotics in urine and its association with platelet mitochondrial DNA methylation in adults from Tianjin, China: A preliminary study.
There has been extensive research on antibiotics exposure in adults by biomonitoring, but the biological mechanisms and potential risks to human health remain limited. In this study, 102 adults aged 26-44 years in Tianjin were studied and 23 common antibiotics in urine were analyzed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). All antibiotics were detected in urine, with an overall detection frequency of 40.4% (the detection frequencies of phenothiazines, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol were 77%, 54%, 24%, 28%, and 49%, respectively.). Ofloxacin and enrofloxacin had the highest detection frequencies (85% and 81%), with median concentrations of 0.26 (IQR: 0.05-1.36) and 0.09 (IQR: 0.03-0.14) ng/mL, respectively. Based on health risk assessment, the predicted estimated daily exposures (EDEs) ranged from 0 μg/kg/day to 13.98 μg/kg/day. The hazard quotient (HQ) values of all the antibiotics except ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were bellow one, which are considered safe. For all blood samples, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation levels in the MT-ATP6 (ranging between 3.86% and 34.18%) were slightly higher than MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5 (ranging between 0.57% and 9.32%, 1.08% and 19.62%, respectively). Furthermore, mtDNA methylation from MT-ATP6, MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5 were measured by bisulfite-PCR pyrosequencing. The association (P < 0.05) was found between mtDNA methylation level (MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5) and individual antibiotics including chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfachloropyridazine, chloramphenicol, and thiamphenicol, indicating that persistent exposure to low-dose multiple antibiotics may affect the mtDNA methylation level and in turn pose health risks.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; DNA Methylation; DNA, Mitochondrial; Humans; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 35065505
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113204 -
Analytica Chimica Acta Dec 2022The environmental pollution and human health risks caused by anti-infective residual drugs in the environment have attracted much attention. More convenient and...
The environmental pollution and human health risks caused by anti-infective residual drugs in the environment have attracted much attention. More convenient and effective detection methods to achieve the rapid and high sensitivity detection for such pollutants are required. In this work, a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) strategy based on vortex aggregation of AgNPs was proposed for the detection of anti-infective drugs in environmental water. The method enhanced the Raman signal of the targets by 2-7.4 times. The mechanism of aggregation enhancement effect under the low-frequency oscillation procedure which significantly enhanced the SERS signal of targets molecular on the aggregated AgNPs was revealed by UV-vis and ICP-MS methods. Three drugs of cefazolin sodium, pefloxacin, and chloroquine phosphate were determined. The detect limits were 3.97 × 10 mol/L, 2.42 × 10 mol/L, and 7.34 × 10 mol/L for cefazolin sodium, pefloxacin, and chloroquine phosphate, respectively. The quantitative relationships were obtained in a wide linear range of 4-5 orders as well as good accuracy and stability with the recoveries of 84.0%-97.1% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 4.6% for spiked in actual water samples. This method also had excellent repeatability and stability, which have potential application for rapid detection of trace pollutants in water environment.
Topics: Humans; Silver; Metal Nanoparticles; Drug Residues; Water; Pefloxacin; Cefazolin; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Anti-Infective Agents; Environmental Pollutants
PubMed: 36368827
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340539 -
Journal of Chromatographic Science Jan 2021The article reports on the development of an efficient, robust and sensitive HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolone-based...
The article reports on the development of an efficient, robust and sensitive HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolone-based antimicrobial drugs, namely ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in both aquatic and tablet formulations. The robustness of the high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) method has been evaluated through the concepts of quality-by-design (QbD) and full factorial design of experiments (DoEs), using a Minitab 17 statistical tool. The proposed method offers sequential separation with well-defined peak shape and resolution, and has also been evaluated by following international council for harmonization (ICH) pharmaceutical guidelines. A linear signal response has been achieved for the target fluoroquinolones (FQ) drugs in the concentration range of 45-20,000 ng/mL, with an average correlation coefficient (r2) value of 0.9997, and a data precision and accuracy range of 99.3-100.9%, with an RSD value of ≤0.95%, for hexaplicate measurements. The methodology offers superior sensitivity for the target FQ drugs, with the limit of detection (LD) range of 10-25 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification (LQ) range of 51-86 ng/mL, respectively. Using the proposed method, the article carries the first of its kind report in studying the degradation profile monitoring and drug assay determination in tablet formulations and under various physiological buffer stress conditions, for pharmaceutical validation.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Fluoroquinolones; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Reproducibility of Results; Tablets
PubMed: 33086378
DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa076 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2023This study reports the genomic characterization of the multidrug resistant Salmonella Newport strain 195_20 recovered from the diarrheic faeces of a foal in Brazil and...
OBJECTIVES
This study reports the genomic characterization of the multidrug resistant Salmonella Newport strain 195_20 recovered from the diarrheic faeces of a foal in Brazil and co-harbouring the mcr-9, bla and qnrB19 antibiotic resistance genes.
METHODS
Bacterial isolate positive for mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-9) was submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and broth microdilution for colistin and polymyxin B. The isolate was submitted to whole genome sequencing by Illumina technology and Nanopore Sequencing. Conjugation assays, plasmid sizes determined by S1-PFGE and plasmid content were investigated by hybrid assembly after MinIon long reads sequencing.
RESULTS
Isolate 195_20 was identified as sequence type ST45, resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins (ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime), aminoglycosides (streptomycin and gentamicin), phenicol (chloramphenicol), quinolones and fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and pefloxacin), folate pathway antagonists (sulfonamides and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and tetracycline. A transferable IncHI2/IncHI2A plasmid sized ca. 262kb was found to carry the mcr-9 gene in a module consisting of IS903-mcr-9-wbuC-IS26. In addition, an 174kb IncC and a 48kb IncN plasmid were also identified in the 195_20 isolate, carrying bla and qnrB19, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Not surprisingly, isolate 195_20 was susceptible to polymyxins, possibly due to absence of qseBC regulatory operon. Presence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr-9), third-generation cephalosporins (bla) and quinolone (qnrB19) resistance determinants in zoonotic pathogens from animals in close contact with humans alerts for the possible route of transmission between these different reservoirs.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Humans; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Genomics; Salmonella; Feces; Cephalosporins
PubMed: 37805072
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.019 -
Journal of Dairy Science Sep 2020Marbofloxacin (MBF) is a key class of synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is commonly used as a veterinary drug. However, excess residue of MBF in animal-derived...
Marbofloxacin (MBF) is a key class of synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is commonly used as a veterinary drug. However, excess residue of MBF in animal-derived food samples, such as milk, is harmful to consumers. In this study, 4 mAb against MBF, namely, M4E3, M7A6, M3C7, and M5C6, were produced. Indirect competitive (ic) ELISA revealed that the M4E3 exhibited the highest sensitivity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of 0.07 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/mL for detection of MBF. The results of the cross-reactivity experiment revealed that the M4E3 could detect lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, pefloxacin, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin sensitively with IC of 0.02, 0.07, 0.18, 0.27, 0.30, and 0.32 ng/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, a cross-reactivity experiment showed that the M4E3 had a crossover rate of more than 20% with these fluoroquinolone analogs. A weak crossover rate below 1.11% was observed with 14 other fluoroquinolone analogs. The recovery rate of MBF in milk ranged from 72.28% to 129.19%, which showed that the developed indirect competitive ELISA was effective in detecting MBF in milk. Furthermore, a visual colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay was developed for detecting MBF with a cut-off value of 1 ng/mL in both phosphate-buffered saline and a milk sample by using this mAb. Given this sensitive mAb, both indirect competitive ELISA and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay could be effective screening tools for detection of MBF in milk.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cattle; Cross Reactions; Drug Residues; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Gold Colloid; Immunoassay; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Milk
PubMed: 32684479
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18108