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Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Dec 2020Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been... (Review)
Review
Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been utilized for both systemic and local drug delivery applications. This review gives an overview of long acting injectable systems that are currently in clinical use. These products are categorized in three different groups: biodegradable polymeric systems, including microparticles and implants; micro and nanocrystal suspensions and oil-based formulations. Furthermore, the applications of these drug delivery platforms for the management of various chronic diseases are summarized. Finally, this review addresses industrial challenges regarding the development of long acting injectable formulations.
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Implants; Drug Liberation; Emulsions; Humans; Microspheres; Nanoparticles; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Suspensions
PubMed: 33202261
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008 -
Transactions of the American Clinical... 2017The Johns Hopkins Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine was created in 1904 by Harvey Cushing and William Halsted and has... (Review)
Review
The Johns Hopkins Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine was created in 1904 by Harvey Cushing and William Halsted and has had a long history of fostering surgical training, encouraging basis science research, and facilitating translational application. Over the past 30 years, the laboratory has addressed the paucity of brain tumor therapies. Pre-clinical work from the laboratory led to the development of carmustine wafers with initial US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 1996. Combining carmustine wafers, radiation, and temozolomide led to a significant increase in the median survival of patients with glioblastoma. The laboratory has also developed microchips and immunotherapy to further extend survival in this heretofore underserved population. These achievements were made possible by the dedication, commitment, and creativity of more than 300 trainees of the Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory. The laboratory demonstrates the beneficial influence of research experience as well its substantial impact on the field of biomedical research.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Baltimore; Biomedical Research; Brain Neoplasms; Drug Implants; Education, Medical; History, 20th Century; Humans; Neurosurgery; Schools, Medical; Women
PubMed: 28790487
DOI: No ID Found -
Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging... Feb 2019Ozurdex intravitreal injection is performed via a patented injection device. However, there is a common misconception among ophthalmologists regarding the relation...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Ozurdex intravitreal injection is performed via a patented injection device. However, there is a common misconception among ophthalmologists regarding the relation between the speed of applicator button depression and the speed of pellet injection.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Six dexamethasone intravitreal implants were injected into a calibrated ex vivo water bath. Three of the pellets were injected via rapid compression, whereas the other three implants were injected using a 3-second compression technique. The procedures were recorded using high-speed photography followed by calculation of pellet velocity and impact force.
RESULTS
The mean impact velocity and force of the pellet insertion is significantly higher in the fast injection group compared to the slow injection group.
CONCLUSIONS
By depressing the Ozurdex implant injector during a 3-second time interval, the impact force of the implant pellet is reduced by about 95%. This new technique will theoretically reduce the risk of retinal injury and vitreous hemorrhage from Ozurdex injections. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:e23-e25.].
Topics: Dexamethasone; Drug Implants; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Edema
PubMed: 30768225
DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20190129-14 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021There is a steady global rise in the use of progestin subdermal implants, where use has increased by more than 20 times in the past two decades. BC risk has been... (Review)
Review
There is a steady global rise in the use of progestin subdermal implants, where use has increased by more than 20 times in the past two decades. BC risk has been reported with the older progestin only methods such as oral pills, injectables, and intrauterine devices, however, little is known about the risk with subdermal implants. In this review, we aim to update clinicians and researchers on the current evidence to support patient counseling and to inform future research directions. The available evidence of the association between the use of progestin subdermal implants and BC risk is discussed. We provide an overview of the potential role of endogenous progesterone in BC development. The chemical structure and molecular targets of synthetic progestins of relevance are summarized together with the preclinical and clinical evidence on their association with BC risk. We review all studies that investigated the action of the specific progestins included in subdermal implants. As well, we discuss the potential effect of the use of subdermal implants in women at increased BC risk, including carriers of BC susceptibility genetic mutations.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Patient Education as Topic; Progesterone Congeners; Progestins; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34975755
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.781066 -
Endocrine Development 2016The histrelin implant has emerged as a therapeutic option for the treatment of central precocious puberty that has been favorably received by patients and providers.... (Review)
Review
The histrelin implant has emerged as a therapeutic option for the treatment of central precocious puberty that has been favorably received by patients and providers. Inserted subcutaneously, the 50-mg implant provides continuous release of the potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) histrelin. Profound suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis occurs within 1 month of its placement resulting in pubertal arrest, attenuation of skeletal advancement and a progressive increase in predicted adult height. Although marketed for annual use, suppression lasting 2 years from a single implant has been demonstrated. Placing and removing the device is a minor outpatient procedure easily accomplished by a pediatric surgeon using local anesthesia. The major downside to the implant is a ∼25% rate of breakage upon removal. Information about the recovery of the HPG axis following histrelin explantation is limited but suggests an average time to menarche comparable with depot GnRHa formulations albeit with wide individual variation.
Topics: Child; Drug Implants; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Puberty, Precocious
PubMed: 26683629
DOI: 10.1159/000439330 -
BioMed Research International 2015Growth factors are a class of cytokines that stimulate cell growth and are widely used in clinical practice, such as wound healing, revascularization, bone repair, and... (Review)
Review
Growth factors are a class of cytokines that stimulate cell growth and are widely used in clinical practice, such as wound healing, revascularization, bone repair, and nervous system disease. However, free growth factors have a short half-life and are instable in vivo. Therefore, the search of excellent carriers to enhance sustained release of growth factors in vivo has become an area of intense research interest. The development of controlled-release systems that protect the recombinant growth factors from enzymatic degradation and provide sustained delivery at the injury site during healing should enhance the growth factor's application in tissue regeneration. Thus, this study reviews current research on commonly used carriers for sustained release of growth factors and their sustained release effects for preservation of their bioactivity and their accomplishment in tissue engineering approaches.
Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Implants; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 26347885
DOI: 10.1155/2015/808202 -
The Medical Letter on Drugs and... Sep 2018
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Implants; Humans; Mometasone Furoate; Nasal Polyps
PubMed: 30383734
DOI: No ID Found -
The Veterinary Record Jul 2014
Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Animals; Castration; Contraception; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Implants; Female; Ferrets; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Male
PubMed: 25034682
DOI: 10.1136/vr.g4588 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery Jan 2015Titania nanotube (TNTs) arrays engineered by simple and scalable electrochemical anodization process have been extensively explored as a new nanoengineering approach to... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Titania nanotube (TNTs) arrays engineered by simple and scalable electrochemical anodization process have been extensively explored as a new nanoengineering approach to address the limitations of systemic drug administration. Due to their outstanding properties and excellent biocompatibility, TNTs arrays have been used to develop new drug-releasing implants (DRI) for emerging therapies based on localized drug delivery (DD). This review highlights the concepts of DRI based on TNTs with a focus on recent progress in their development and future perspectives towards advanced medical therapies.
AREAS COVERED
Recent progress in new strategies for controlling drug release from TNTs arrays aimed at designing TNTs-based DRI with optimized performances, including extended drug release and zero-order release kinetics and remotely activated release are described. Furthermore, significant progress in biocompatibility studies on TNTs and their outstanding properties to promote hydroxyapatite and bone cells growths and to differentiate stem cells are highlighted. Examples of ex vivo and in vivo studies of drug-loaded TNTs are shown to confirm the practical and potential applicability of TNTs-based DRI for clinical studies. Finally, selected examples of preliminary clinical applications of TNTs for bone therapy and orthopedic implants, cardiovascular stents, dentistry and cancer therapy are presented.
EXPERT OPINION
As current studies have demonstrated, TNTs are a remarkable material that could potentially revolutionize localized DD therapies, especially in areas of orthopedics and localized chemotherapy. However, more extensive ex vivo and in vivo studies should be carried out before TNTs-based DRI could become a feasible technology for real-life clinical applications. This will imply the implementation of different approaches to overcome some technical and commercial challenges.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Differentiation; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dentistry; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Implants; Micelles; Nanotubes; Osseointegration; Polymers; Titanium
PubMed: 25376706
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.945418 -
Biomaterials Advances Mar 2022In the present work, nanohydroxyapatites (nHAp) doped with copper and/or zinc ions were investigated for the assessment of its antibacterial activity and...
Investigation of topography effect on antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of nanohydroxyapatites activated with zinc and copper ions: In vitro study of colloids, hydrogel scaffolds and pellets.
In the present work, nanohydroxyapatites (nHAp) doped with copper and/or zinc ions were investigated for the assessment of its antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. Three forms of material with diverse surfaces were tested: nanopowder in colloidal suspension, galactose hydrogel (3,6-Anhydro-α-l-Galacto-β-d-Galactan) scaffold and pellet. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained biomaterials were comprehensively determined by using: XRPD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, AAS, XPS and EPR techniques. The antimicrobial active ions, mostly Cu, were successfully released from the apatite structure despite the material being suspended in the porous galactose hydrogel matrix. The colloidal solutions of nanohydroxyapatites on bacterial viability revealed moderate activity of Cu-doped materials against Escherichia coli strain and significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. The comparative study of bacterial attachment to the hydrogel and pellet surface indicated that hydrogels were more prone to be colonized by both tested strains. Moreover, an additive of the Cu ion modified bacterial attachment and biofilms forming on nHAp:Cu and nHAp:Cu-Zn materials. In the case of hydrogels, the biofilms were scattered while these forming on other materials were more clumped. The cytotoxicity evaluation of tested biomaterials showed biocompatible properties of both nanomaterial colloidal solutions as well as galactose hydrogel eluates toward normal mouse osteoblast cell lines (7F2) and human chondrocytes (TC28A2) and osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS). The biocompatibility of tested materials was additionally confirmed by conducting a hemolysis assay which showed full hemocompatibility of nanopowder colloidal solutions and galactose-based materials. Furthermore, unaltered red blood cell morphology was visible after a short and long time of incubation with the obtained biomaterials by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The comparison research provided data of 7F2, TC28 and U2OS cell attachment to the galactose hydrogel surface.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biocompatible Materials; Copper; Drug Implants; Escherichia coli; Galactose; Humans; Hydrogels; Ions; Mice; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Zinc
PubMed: 35525765
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112547