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Clinical Radiology Feb 2021The utility of tumour biomarkers has increased considerably in the era of personalised medicine and individualised therapy in oncology. Biomarkers may be prognostic or... (Review)
Review
The utility of tumour biomarkers has increased considerably in the era of personalised medicine and individualised therapy in oncology. Biomarkers may be prognostic or predictive, and only a handful of markers are currently US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for clinical use. Tumour markers have a wide array of uses such as screening, establishing a differential diagnosis, assessing risk, prognosis, and treatment response, as well as monitoring disease status. Major overlap exists between biomarkers and their associated pathologies; therefore, despite suggestive imaging features, establishing a differential diagnosis may be challenging for the radiologist. We review common biomarkers that are of interest to radiologists such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and carbohydrate or cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), as well as their associated malignant and non-malignant pathologies. We also present relevant case examples from our practice.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Pelvic Neoplasms
PubMed: 32861463
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.033 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Nov 2020
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Liposarcoma; Liposarcoma, Myxoid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Muscle Neoplasms; Neoplasm Grading; Pelvic Neoplasms; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32106323
DOI: 10.1055/a-1108-1961 -
Khirurgiia 2022To analyze clinical outcomes after pelvic exenteration for advanced primary or recurrent pelvic cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze clinical outcomes after pelvic exenteration for advanced primary or recurrent pelvic cancer.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We analyzed the outcomes in 35 patients after pelvic exenteration for advanced primary or recurrent pelvic cancer (gynecological cancer, urologic cancers, colon cancer). There were 3 (8.57%) men and 32 (91.43%) women. Mean BMI was 26 kg/m.
RESULTS
Total exenteration was performed in 10 (28.57%) patients, anterior exenteration - 18 (51.43%) patients, posterior exenteration - 7 (20.0%) patients. Intraoperative complications (damage to the common iliac vessels) occurred in 1 (2.86%) patient. Mean surgery time was 280 minutes (range 180-600), mean intraoperative blood loss - 400 ml (range 100-2000). Mean postoperative ICU-stay was 24 hours. Major postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo grade 3-4 were detected in 3 (8.57%) patients. One (2.86%) patient died in 84 days after surgery from multiple organ failure due to progression of disease (Clavien-Dindo grade 5). There were 4 (11.43%) patients with complications Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3. Negative resection margin (R0) was achieved in 32 (91.43%) cases. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 70 months (median 16.5 months). Overall survival was assessed in 25 patients. Other 10 patients or their relatives did not get in touch and therefore did not participate in assessment of survival. Overall 2-year survival assessed in 6 patients with cervical cancer was 24%. Overall 2-year survival estimated in 8 patients with bladder cancer was 100%. A patient with colon cancer lived for 23 months. Among 2 patients with vulvar cancer, 1 patient died in 25 months after surgery, the second one was followed-up for 11 months. Patients with primary multiple tumors were followed-up for 10-21 months. Overall 1-year survival was 100%. One patient died after 21 months.
CONCLUSION
Analyzing own findings and world literature data, we can conclude that laparoscopic technique ensures better intra- and postoperative results compared to standard laparotomy. However, there are insufficient data to confirm superiority of laparoscopic approach regarding oncological results.
Topics: Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pelvic Exenteration; Pelvic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35775844
DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202207145 -
Pediatric and Developmental Pathology :... 2017Angiosarcomas are highly aggressive malignancies of vascular origin and are very rarely found in children. We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with a history of... (Review)
Review
Angiosarcomas are highly aggressive malignancies of vascular origin and are very rarely found in children. We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with a history of abdominal pain and increased abdominal girth. Radiologic imaging showed significant ascites and large pelvic masses involving bilateral adnexa with abdominal spread. Microscopic examination of a biopsy revealed pleomorphic epithelioid and spindle cells with brisk mitotic activity, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, vascular channels, and large areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed strong and diffuse positivity for CD31, D2-40, ERG, FLI-1, and focally for CD34, vWF, and EMA. The diagnosis of metastatic angiosarcoma was rendered. The patient was treated aggressively with systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, cytoreductive surgery, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, with a favorable response after 1-year follow-up. Angiosarcoma should be considered when encountering a vascular tumor with pleomorphism, brisk mitotic activity, and necrosis. Immunohistochemistry studies are necessary for proper diagnosis.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Adolescent; Female; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pelvic Neoplasms
PubMed: 28326959
DOI: 10.1177/1093526616686007 -
Annali Italiani Di Chirurgia 2021Intraabdominal schwannomas are rare benign tumors. In this study, we aimed to present our clinical experience in patients with intrabdominally located Schwannoma.
OBJECTIVE
Intraabdominal schwannomas are rare benign tumors. In this study, we aimed to present our clinical experience in patients with intrabdominally located Schwannoma.
MATERIAL-METHOD
Patients who received the diagnosis of intrabdominal schwannoma between 2011-2019 were retrospectively examined. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment methods, short- and long-term results and immunohistochemical characteristics of the patients were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 7 patients were included in the study. Four patients were female and three were male. The mean age was 51.5 (31-63) years. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain (57.1%). Tumor location was stomach (n=2), pelvic region (n=2), rectum (n=1), retropancreas (n=1), and left juxtadrenal space (n=1). Postoperative wound infection developed in one patient and pancreatic fistula complication was seen in one patient. Re-admissions to the hospital were due to anemia and pleural effusion in two patients. The mean tumor diameter was 6 cm (0.3-13 cm). All patients were S 100 strongly positive Mitoses / 50 HPFs (high power field), <2 Ki67 <3%. The mean follow- up period was 60 months. Currently, 5 patients are being followed without disease, 1 patient survives despite recurrence and 1 patient has died due to non-cancer reasons.
CONCLUSION
Intrabdominal schwannomas are rare tumors which most commonly exhibit gastrointestinal involvement. Since these tumors are mostly benign, the long-term prognosis of patients is good. Schwannoma should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of intrabdominal masses. Radical resections with high morbidity and mortality should be avoided if preoperative diagnosis is made.
KEY WORDS
Abdominal tumor, Mesenchymal tumor, Nerve sheath tumor, Schwannoma.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurilemmoma; Pelvic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Turkey
PubMed: 34031290
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Surgical Oncology Apr 2015Management of retroperitoneal sarcomas presents technical and oncological challenges. Imaging is crucial for diagnosis and to define local tumor extent. Complete gross... (Review)
Review
Management of retroperitoneal sarcomas presents technical and oncological challenges. Imaging is crucial for diagnosis and to define local tumor extent. Complete gross resection at initial presentation is the best chance for cure, but there is controversy as to how this can be best achieved. There is a long-term risk of local recurrence, which is best treated with repeat resection if feasible. The roles of radiation and chemotherapy remain undefined.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Pelvic Neoplasms; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Sarcoma
PubMed: 25482329
DOI: 10.1002/jso.23840 -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) May 2016
Topics: Female; Fibroma; Humans; Pelvic Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 27067627
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.02.022 -
The Journal of International Medical... Jun 2021The number of patients with metastatic bone tumors of the pelvis (MBTP) has increased, and the risk of metastasis and recurrence in the pelvic bones is difficult to...
OBJECTIVE
The number of patients with metastatic bone tumors of the pelvis (MBTP) has increased, and the risk of metastasis and recurrence in the pelvic bones is difficult to assess. Therefore, we investigated the clinical features and oncological outcomes of patients with MBTP.
METHODS
We analyzed the clinical features and oncological outcomes of MBTP in 72 patients (42 men, 30 women; mean age, 50.5 years) from 2008 to 2017. Recurrence in the pelvic bones and survival rates were analyzed with regard to patients' potential contributing factors.
RESULTS
Enneking region I was the area most commonly containing MBTP (47.3%). Low- and high-grade tumors were identified in 40 and 32 patients, respectively. The most common pathological type was adenomatous carcinoma (34.7%), and the most common primary lesion was lung cancer (20.8%). The 3-year overall recurrence rate within the pelvic bones was 34.7%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 29.2%.
CONCLUSION
Patients with MBTP have a high risk of recurrence in the pelvic bones and poor survival after multimodal treatment. Pelvic recurrence might be affected by the metastatic involvement, tumor grade, surgical margins, and type of surgery, whereas the survival rate tends to be associated with the tumor grade.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pelvic Bones; Pelvic Neoplasms; Pelvis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34154434
DOI: 10.1177/03000605211013152 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) May 2018
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pelvic Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography; Uterus
PubMed: 28741169
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1260-y -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Jun 2024The most common abdominal malignancies diagnosed in the pediatric population include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, lymphoma, germ cell tumor, and... (Review)
Review
The most common abdominal malignancies diagnosed in the pediatric population include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, lymphoma, germ cell tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma. There are distinctive imaging findings and patterns of spread for each of these tumors that radiologists must know for diagnosis and staging and for monitoring the patient's response to treatment. The multidisciplinary treatment group that includes oncologists, surgeons, and radiation oncologists relies heavily on imaging evaluation to identify the best treatment course and prognostication of imaging findings, such as the image-defined risk factors for neuroblastomas, the PRETreatment EXtent of Disease staging system for hepatoblastoma, and the Ann Arbor staging system for lymphomas. It is imperative for radiologists to be able to correctly indicate the best imaging methods for diagnosis, staging, and restaging of each of these most prevalent tumors to avoid inconclusive or unnecessary examinations. The authors review in a practical manner the most updated key points in diagnosing and staging disease and assessing response to treatment of the most common pediatric abdominal tumors. RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Abdominal Neoplasms; Child; Pelvic Neoplasms; Hepatoblastoma
PubMed: 38722785
DOI: 10.1148/rg.230175