-
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2015The role of C17:0 and C15:0 in human health has recently been reinforced following a number of important biological and nutritional observations. Historically, odd chain... (Review)
Review
The role of C17:0 and C15:0 in human health has recently been reinforced following a number of important biological and nutritional observations. Historically, odd chain saturated fatty acids (OCS-FAs) were used as internal standards in GC-MS methods of total fatty acids and LC-MS methods of intact lipids, as it was thought their concentrations were insignificant in humans. However, it has been thought that increased consumption of dairy products has an association with an increase in blood plasma OCS-FAs. However, there is currently no direct evidence but rather a casual association through epidemiology studies. Furthermore, a number of studies on cardiometabolic diseases have shown that plasma concentrations of OCS-FAs are associated with lower disease risk, although the mechanism responsible for this is debated. One possible mechanism for the endogenous production of OCS-FAs is α-oxidation, involving the activation, then hydroxylation of the α-carbon, followed by the removal of the terminal carboxyl group. Differentiation human adipocytes showed a distinct increase in the concentration of OCS-FAs, which was possibly caused through α-oxidation. Further evidence for an endogenous pathway, is in human plasma, where the ratio of C15:0 to C17:0 is approximately 1:2 which is contradictory to the expected levels of C15:0 to C17:0 roughly 2:1 as detected in dairy fat. We review the literature on the dietary consumption of OCS-FAs and their potential endogenous metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25647578
DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022425 -
The American Journal of Cardiology Oct 2022Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can help detect myocardial damage. I-betamethyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid...
Adverse Cardiac Events in Cardiac Sarcoidosis Prediction by I-betamethyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic Acid Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Late Gadolinium Enhancement.
Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can help detect myocardial damage. I-betamethyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid single-photon emission computed tomography (BMIPP-SPECT) was developed to evaluate fatty acid metabolism and has been reported to help detect myocardial damage in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). We analyzed data from CMR-LGE and performed BMIPP-SPECT in patients with CS taking prednisolone and investigated the association of BMIPP-SPECT with LGE as a prognostic factor in CS. Patients with CS who underwent BMIPP-SPECT and CMR-LGE at the time of diagnosis within 2 months were classified into those with and without a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Total BMIPP-SPECT defect score (BDS) and LGE extent score (LES) were used to estimate myocardial damage. The relation between BDS and LES was explored using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Their ability to predict MACEs was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Medical data of 45 patients were analyzed retrospectively (mean follow-up, 4.5 years). BDS and LES were significantly correlated (p <0.0001). BDS was significantly greater for the group with MACE than that without MACE (p = 0.0008). LES of patients with MACE was significantly greater than those without MACE (p = 0.0045). Patients with BDS ≥16 had a significantly higher MACE rate than those with BDS <16 (p = 0.0029). The group with LES ≥9 was significantly associated with MACE (p = 0.0098). In conclusion, BDS reflected myocardial damage similar to that detected by CMR-LGE and was a predictive marker of MACE in patients with CS. BMIPP-SPECT may help predict the prognosis of patients with CS who cannot undergo CMR-LGE.
Topics: Contrast Media; Fatty Acids; Gadolinium; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocarditis; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoidosis; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 35918233
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.06.040 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Dec 2022In epidemiological studies, dairy food consumption has been associated with minimal effect or decreased risk of some cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, current... (Review)
Review
In epidemiological studies, dairy food consumption has been associated with minimal effect or decreased risk of some cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, current methods of dietary assessment do not provide objective and accurate measures of food intakes. Thus, the identification of valid and reliable biomarkers of dairy product intake is an important challenge to best determine the relationship between dairy consumption and health status. This review investigated potential biomarkers of dairy fat consumption, such as odd-chain, trans- and branched-chain fatty acids (FA), which may improve the assessment of full-fat dairy product consumption. Overall, the current use of serum/plasma FA as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption is mostly based on observational evidence, with a lack of well-controlled, dose-response intervention studies to accurately assess the strength of the relationship. Circulating odd-chain SFA and trans-palmitoleic acid are increasingly studied in relation to CMD risk and seem to be consistently associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies. However, associations with CVD are less clear. Overall, adding less studied FA such as vaccenic and phytanic acids to the current available evidence may provide a more complete assessment of dairy fat intake and minimise potential confounding from endogenous synthesis. Finally, the current evidence base on the direct effect of dairy fatty acids on established biomarkers of CMD risk (e.g. fasting lipid profiles and markers of glycaemic control) mostly derives from cross-sectional, animal and studies and should be strengthened by well-controlled human intervention studies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Fatty Acids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Fats; Dairy Products; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 35086579
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522000289 -
Nutrition, Metabolism, and... Dec 2015A recent meta-analysis by Chowdhury et al. (2014) has disclaimed the association between coronary artery diseases and either circulating blood levels or the intake of...
A recent meta-analysis by Chowdhury et al. (2014) has disclaimed the association between coronary artery diseases and either circulating blood levels or the intake of total saturated fatty acids (SFA). Scrutiny revealed that two of the eight studies included in the meta-analysis focused on the proportion of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) and their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. These odd-chain fatty acids are markers for milk or ruminant fat intake. Both studies indicated inverse associations between milk-fat intake and first-ever myocardial infarction. Neither of the two studies described the association between total circulating blood SFA on coronary outcomes. In contrast to the cardioprotective effects of dairy consumption, we expected that an elevated intake of palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) de novo may raise CVD risk. Thus, it is of particular importance to differentiate the effects of individual circulating SFA on cardiovascular outcomes. Excluding the studies that evaluated the association of fatty acids from milk fat and cardiovascular outcomes revealed a positive association of total SFA blood levels and coronary outcome (RR 1.21, CI 1.04-1.40). Therefore, results obtained from studies of C15:0 and C17:0 cannot be mixed with results from studies of other SFA because of the opposite physiological effects of regular consumption of foods rich in C16:0 and C18:0 compared to high intake of milk or ruminant fat. In our opinion, it is vital to analyze the impact of individual SFA on CVD incidence in order to draw prudent conclusions.
Topics: Coronary Disease; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Humans
PubMed: 26626084
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.09.010 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jun 2022To explore the chemical composition of chicken meat during different growth and development periods, the dynamic alterations of the metabolite composition were...
To explore the chemical composition of chicken meat during different growth and development periods, the dynamic alterations of the metabolite composition were determined using LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics. Together, 573 metabolites were identified in chicken meat from five age stages. Generally, pentadecanoic acid, stearic acid, creatine, carnosine, IMP, L-histidine and L-isoleucine presented an upward trend with age, while anserine, DHA, L-aspartic acid, LPA 18:1 and LPI 18:1 decreased with age. The main pathways of chicken meat metabolism affected by age were fructose and mannose metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid metabolism. Using transcriptomic profiling data, we conducted Pearson correlation analysis between gene expression and metabolite profile data in each age comparison. Integration analysis of metabolome and transcriptome would be helpful to understand the biological processes underlying the development of meat quality and explore valuable biomarkers for specific metabolite accumulation.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Chromatography, Liquid; Meat; Metabolome; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35651035
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111171 -
Food & Nutrition Research 2016There is a lack of studies comparing dietary assessment methods with the biomarkers of fatty acids in children.
BACKGROUND
There is a lack of studies comparing dietary assessment methods with the biomarkers of fatty acids in children.
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to evaluate the suitability of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to rank young children according to their intake of dairy and fish products by comparing food frequency estimates to the plasma phospholipid fatty acids pentadecanoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
DESIGN
Cross-sectional data for the present study were derived from the prospective cohort 'Environmental Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes Study'. Infants were recruited from the Norwegian general population during 2001-2007. One hundred and ten (age 3-10 years) children had sufficient volumes of plasma and FFQ filled in within 2 months from blood sampling and were included in this evaluation study. The quantitative determination of plasma phospholipid fatty acids was done by fatty acid methyl ester analysis. The association between the frequency of dairy and fish product intake and the plasma phospholipid fatty acids was assessed by a Spearman correlation analysis and by investigating whether participants were classified into the same quartiles of distribution.
RESULTS
Significant correlations were found between pentadecanoic acid and the intake frequency of total dairy products (r=0.29), total fat dairy products (r=0.39), and cheese products (r=0.36). EPA and DHA were significantly correlated with the intake frequency of oily fish (r=0.26 and 0.37, respectively) and cod liver/fish oil supplements (r=0.47 for EPA and r=0.50 DHA). To a large extent, the FFQ was able to classify individuals into the same quartile as the relevant fatty acid biomarker.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study suggests that, when using the plasma phospholipid fatty acids pentadecanoic acid, EPA, and DHA as biomarkers, the FFQ used in young children showed a moderate capability to rank the intake frequency of dairy products with a high-fat content and cod liver/fish oil supplements.
PubMed: 27534845
DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.31933 -
Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain... Dec 2022Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) is a common complication of the central nervous system in elderly patients. Currently, it is not clear whether the occurrence of...
BACKGROUND
Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) is a common complication of the central nervous system in elderly patients. Currently, it is not clear whether the occurrence of dNCR is associated with the intestinal microbiota and its related metabolites. This study investigated the preoperative intestinal microflora and faecal metabolites of dNCR patients.
METHODS
Twenty-two elderly urological patients were divided into a dNCR group (D group) and a non-dNCR group (ND group) according to the postoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score on the first and third day after surgery. A postoperative MMSE score ≤ 2 points compared with the preoperative score was considered evidence of dNCR. We used a comprehensive method that combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to study the preoperative intestinal microflora and faecal metabolites of the two groups, and conducted correlation analysis between them.
RESULTS
Compared with the D group, the microbial community in the ND group was more abundant. At the family level, the ND group was significantly enriched in Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Muribaculaceae. At the genus level, the faecal microbiota of the ND group was differentially enriched in Agathobacter, Dorea, Fusicatenibacter, Coprococcus_2 and Romboutsia while that of the D group was differentially enriched in Anaerofilum. Untargeted metabolomics revealed significant differences in eight different metabolites between the two groups, including ribose, ethanol, leucine, maltose, pentadecanoic acid, malonic acid 1,3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3-hydroxypalmitic acid. In addition, differential metabolites were associated with the abundance of specific bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence of dNCR may be associated with the intestinal flora and its related metabolite composition of patients before surgery.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Metabolome; Feces; Metabolomics
PubMed: 35963525
DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2022.101140 -
Microorganisms Sep 2023Rhizosphere microorganisms and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by them take part in the regulation of the chemotaxis of nematodes. A total of 150 strains...
Rhizosphere microorganisms and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by them take part in the regulation of the chemotaxis of nematodes. A total of 150 strains of rhizosphere bacteria were screened via a chemotaxis experiment with . Some isolates affected the behavior of the nematodes, including attraction, randomness, and repulsion. Volatile metabolites produced via the selected bacteria were associated with the chemotaxis of nematodes. was highly attracted to decanal. In addition, dimethyl disulfide, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, pentadecanoic acid, and palmitic acid were found to attract weakly . Furthermore, the chemotaxis of was tested in a pot experiment. The bacteria sp. 1-50, 2-35, 5-14, 6-4, and VOC decanal could regulate the movement of M. incognita in the pot with or without plants. The results provide insights into rhizosphere microorganisms and their VOCs and how they regulate the chemotaxis of the nematodes.
PubMed: 37764115
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092271 -
American Journal of Translational... 2020Sarcopenia is an age-associated disorder that results in skeletal muscle loss. Apoptosis and inflammation are the two major contributors to sarcopenia. Emerging evidence...
Sarcopenia is an age-associated disorder that results in skeletal muscle loss. Apoptosis and inflammation are the two major contributors to sarcopenia. Emerging evidence has shown that long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are implicated in the muscles of sarcopenic animal models. However, it is unknown whether LCFAs are correlated with apoptosis or inflammation in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Herein, we found that pentadecanoic acid (PDA), a C15 LCFA, was significantly accumulated in human sarcopenic muscles. PDA treatment could dose-dependently induce the expression of the transcription factor (forkhead box M1) and several proapoptotic genes, such as (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis), (B-cell/lymphoma 2-associated X) and (apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1), thereby causing apoptosis. Mechanically, PDA activated AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1) to phosphorylate NCOR1 (nuclear receptor corepressor 1). The phosphorylated NCOR1 disassociated from the NCOR1-FOXM1 transcriptional complex and could not repress FOXM1-mediated transcription, leading to the induction of . The activated PUMA further triggered downstream apoptotic signaling, including activation of the BAX, APAF1 and caspase cascades, leading to the occurrence of apoptosis. Alkaline phosphatase or knockdown of reversed the FOXM1-mediated apoptotic signaling. Collectively, our results provide new evidence that LCFAs are involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia by activating apoptotic signaling. Attempts to decrease the intake of PDA-containing foods or blocking AKT1 may improve the symptoms of sarcopenia.
PubMed: 33042406
DOI: No ID Found