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The American Journal of Clinical... Dec 2022Circulating individual SFAs in pregnant females are critical for maternal and fetal health. However, research on identifying their modifiable factors is limited. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Circulating individual SFAs in pregnant females are critical for maternal and fetal health. However, research on identifying their modifiable factors is limited.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to examine the associations of total physical activity (PA) and types of PA with circulating individual SFAs during pregnancy in a multiracial/multiethnic cohort of pregnant females in the United States.
METHODS
The study included participants in a nested case-control study (n = 321) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort. Sampling weights were applied, so the results represented the entire Fetal Growth Cohort. Plasma phospholipid SFAs were measured at 4 visits [10-14 (visit 1), 15-26 (visit 2), 23-31 (visit 3), and 33-39 (visit 4) weeks of gestation] throughout pregnancy. PA of the previous year at visit 1 and since the previous visit at the subsequent visits was assessed using the validated Pregnancy PA Questionnaire. Time-specific and longitudinal associations were examined using multivariable linear and generalized estimating equation models.
RESULTS
Total PA (metabolic equivalent of task-h/wk) was positively associated with circulating heptadecanoic acid (17:0) at visit 1 (β × 103: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11) and pentadecanoic acid (15:0) at visit 3 (β × 103: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.14) independent of sociodemographic, reproductive, pregnancy, and dietary factors. Across the 4 visits, the positive associations with total PA were consistent for pentadecanoic acid (β × 103: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.10) and heptadecanoic acid (β × 103: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.14). Out of the 4 PA types (i.e., sports/exercise, household/caregiving, transportation, and occupational PA) considered, the magnitude of positive associations was the largest for sports/exercise PA.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that maternal PA is positively associated with circulating pentadecanoic and heptadecanoic acids. The findings warrant confirmation by future studies.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00912132.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Exercise; Longitudinal Studies; Phospholipids; Prospective Studies; United States
PubMed: 36373403
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac250 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Seahorse is a valuable marine-animal drug widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and which was first documented in the "Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu" during the Liang...
Seahorse is a valuable marine-animal drug widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and which was first documented in the "Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu" during the Liang Dynasty. (HK) is the most common seahorse species in the medicinal material market and is one of the genuine sources of medicinal seahorse documented in the Chinese pharmacopeia. It is mainly cultivated in the Shandong, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces in China. However, pseudo-HK, represented by (HI) due to its similar appearance and traits, is often found in the market, compromising the safety and efficacy of clinical use. Currently, there is a lack of reliable methods for identifying these species based on their chemical composition. In this study, we employed, for the first time, a strategy combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprints and chemical patterns in order to identify HK and HI; it is also the first metabolomic study to date of HI as to chemical components. The obtained results revealed remarkable similarities in the chemical fingerprints, while significant differences were also observed. By employing hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), based on the relative contents of their characteristic peaks, all 34 samples were successfully differentiated according to their species of origin, with samples from the same species forming distinct clusters. Moreover, nonadecanoic acid and behenic acid were exclusively detected in HK samples, further distinguishing them from HI samples. Additionally, the relative contents of lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, oleic acid, fenozan acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibited significant differences between HK and HI ( < 0.0001), as determined by an unpaired -test. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) identified seven components (DHA, EPA, n-hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, octadecanoic acid, and margaric acid) with high discriminatory value (VIP value > 1). Thus, nonadecanoic acid, behenic acid, and these seven compounds can be utilized as chemical markers for distinguishing HK from HI. In conclusion, our study successfully developed a combined strategy of GC-MS fingerprinting and chemical pattern recognition for the identification of HK and HI, and we also discovered chemical markers that can directly differentiate between the two species. This study can provide a foundation for the authentication of Hippocampus and holds significant importance for the conservation of wild seahorse resources.
Topics: Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Myristic Acid; Smegmamorpha; China; Cluster Analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Principal Component Analysis
PubMed: 38067553
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237824 -
Annals of Nuclear Cardiology 2023The purpose of this practice recommendation is to specifically identify the critical steps involved in performing and interpreting I-β-methyl-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this practice recommendation is to specifically identify the critical steps involved in performing and interpreting I-β-methyl-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and measurement of washout rate (WR) from the heart. This document will cover backgrounds, patient preparation, testing procedure, visual image interpretation, quantitation methods using planar and SPECT studies, and reporting of WR. The pitfall and some tips for the calculation of I-BMIPP WR are also included. The targets of global and regional WR calculation include ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy, an emerging rare heart disease.
PubMed: 38058580
DOI: 10.17996/anc.23-00005 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Historically, some edible insects have been processed into a complex of insect and fungus, such as and . Until now, the dynamics of the nutritional changes due to this...
Historically, some edible insects have been processed into a complex of insect and fungus, such as and . Until now, the dynamics of the nutritional changes due to this infection were unclear. This study reveals the dynamic changes in nutritional components of pupa after infection with at post-infection time points of 0 d, 10 d, 20 d, and 30 d. The dynamic analysis of the components at different post-infection times showed that the content of polysaccharides and cordycepin increased with time while the content of fats and chitin decreased. The content of proteins showed a trend of decreasing at the beginning and then increasing. The essential amino acids (EAAs) decreased at the beginning and then increased, and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) changed similarly. The essential amino acid index showed a slight continuous decrease. Although the crude fat decreased dramatically due to the infection, from a value of 30.75% to 7.2%, the infection of . produced five new fatty acids (14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid, docosanoic acid, succinic acid, arachidonic acid, and myristic acid) while the content of the seven fatty acids was greatly reduced after infection. Therefore, after being infected by . and combined with it, the nutritional profile of pupa was changed significantly and there were different characteristics at different infection stages. The above findings provide scientifically fundamental data to understand the nutritional value of the insect-fungus complex as human food and animal feed.
PubMed: 37509888
DOI: 10.3390/foods12142796 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2021The digital cushion is an essential part of maintaining a healthy foot, working to dissipate foot strike and body weight forces and lameness from claw horn disruption...
The digital cushion is an essential part of maintaining a healthy foot, working to dissipate foot strike and body weight forces and lameness from claw horn disruption lesions. Despite the importance of the digital cushion, little is known about the basic anatomy, adipocyte morphology, and fatty acid composition in relation to age, limb position, and body condition score. In total, 60 claws (from 17 cows) were selected and collected from a herd, ensuring that body condition score data and computed micro-tomography were known for each animal. Digital cushion tissue underwent histological staining combined with stereology, systematic random sampling, and cell morphology analysis, in addition to lipid extraction followed by fatty acid analysis. The results describe digital cushion architecture and adipocyte sizes. Adipocyte size was similar across all 4 claws (distal left lateral and medial and distal right lateral and medial) and across the ages (aged 2-7 yr); however, animals with body condition score of 3.00 or more at slaughter had a significantly increased cell size in comparison to those with a score of less than 2.50. Of 37 fatty acid methyl esters identified, 5 differed between either the body condition score or different age groups. C10:0 capric acid, C14:0 myristic acid, C15:0 pentadecanoic acid, and C20:0 arachidic acid percentages were all lesser in lower body condition score cows, whereas C22:1n-9 erucic acid measurements were lesser in younger cows. Saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages were not altered in the different claws, ages, or body condition score groups. Triglyceride quantities did not differ for claw position or age but had decreased quantities in lower body condition score animals. Digital cushion anatomy, cellular morphology, and fatty acid composition have been described in general and also in animals with differing ages, body condition scores, and in the differing claws. Understanding fat deposition, mobilization, and composition are essential in not only understanding the roles that the digital cushion plays but also in preventing disorders and maintaining cattle health and welfare.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fatty Acids; Female; Foot Diseases; Lameness, Animal
PubMed: 33685700
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19388 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Oct 2023Polypeptides are a highly promising carrier for delivering hydrophobic drugs, due to their excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. Herein, a...
Polypeptides are a highly promising carrier for delivering hydrophobic drugs, due to their excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. Herein, a redox and pH dual-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-b-polypeptide micelles encapsulated with disulfide bridged paclitaxel-pentadecanoic acid prodrug was developed for cancer chemotherapy. First of all, disulfide bridged paclitaxel-pentadecanoic acid prodrug (PTX-SS-COOH) and poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-b-polylysine-b-polyphenylalanine (mPEG-SS-b-PLys-b-PPhe, ESLP) were synthesized and confirmed via NMR, MS, FT-IR or GPC. After that, PTX-SS-COOH (PSH) embedded mPEG-SS-b-PLys-b-PPhe (ESLP/PSH) micelles were prepared by mixing method based on electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic forces. For comparison, mPEG-b-PLys-b-PPhe (ELP) was mixed with PTX-SS-COOH to generate another kind of micelles (ELP/PSH). The characterization of ESLP/PSH micelles through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a spherical structure with a diameter of approximately 170 nm. It is noteworthy that ESLP/PSH micelles displayed a high drug-loading rate of 22.84%, and excellent stability, which can be attributed to the specific interactions between the prodrug and copolymer. Drug release analysis demonstrated that the micelles exhibited a substantial release of PTX in the presence of GSH at pH 5.0, indicating a pH and redox dual responsiveness. In vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed the ESLP/PSH micelles had increased bioavailability and an extended circulation time. Ultimately, antitumor efficacy and systemic toxicity evaluation in 4 T1 tumor-bearing mice confirmed that ESLP/PSH micelles achieved the highest level of tumor growth inhibition (ca. 83%) and the lowest systemic toxicity in comparison with ELP/PSH micelles and commercialized Taxol®. Taken together, the dual responsive micelles represent a promising PTX formulation with potential clinical application in cancer chemotherapy.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Paclitaxel; Micelles; Prodrugs; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Cell Line, Tumor; Polyethylene Glycols; Peptides; Oxidation-Reduction; Disulfides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Drug Carriers; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37690658
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123398 -
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Nov 2022This study aimed to optimize various methods of calculating washout rates (WRs) of I-β-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic (BMIPP), as they are essential to diagnose...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to optimize various methods of calculating washout rates (WRs) of I-β-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic (BMIPP), as they are essential to diagnose triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV) which is a rare disease entity identified in Japan and has been encoded in Orphanet (ORPHA code 565612).
METHODS
We calculated WRs of I-BMIPP from early (20 min) and delayed (200 min) images. We evaluated six methods of calculating WRs to discriminate TGVC patients (age, 56.8 ± 14.6 y; male, n = 13; female, n = 4) and 21 I-BMIPP studies were involved including 4 follow-up studies. Washout rates were calculated by two planar methods using anterior images with cardiac and background regions of interest (ROIs) and by four SPECT methods using either array and polar plots or summed short-axis images. The final diagnoses of TGCV were confirmed according to the 2020 diagnostic criteria, and the diagnostic accuracy of WRs calculated using the six methods was analyzed using the area under receiver-operating characteristics curves (ROC-AUC). Multiple scatter-plot matrix methods were evaluated with correlations for comparison.
RESULTS
All six methods were useful for diagnosis and did not significantly differ. The four SPECT methods showed excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUC 1.0), whereas the planar methods with and without background correction could be acceptable (AUC 0.857 and 0.964, respectively). The WRs were relatively lower for patients with CAD and remarkable metabolic defects than for patients with TGCV but without defects.
CONCLUSIONS
For the diagnosis of TGCV, the WR cutoff of 10% of I-BMIPP functioned well in planar and SPECT discrimination based on computational methods as a classifier. However, calculation optimization should improve TGCV diagnoses.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Triglycerides; Iodobenzenes; Fatty Acids; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Myocardium
PubMed: 36155888
DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01787-9 -
Reproductive Biomedicine Online Feb 2021Are triglyceride fatty acids in the follicular fluid associated with either follicular fluid phospholipid fatty acids or IVF outcomes and, if so, how are they associated?
RESEARCH QUESTION
Are triglyceride fatty acids in the follicular fluid associated with either follicular fluid phospholipid fatty acids or IVF outcomes and, if so, how are they associated?
DESIGN
In a prospective cross-sectional study, 70 women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection were recruited. Follicular fluid phospholipids and triglycerides were separated by thin-layer chromatography. Fatty acids were measured using gas-liquid chromatography and flame ionization detection system.
RESULTS
Significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed between follicular fluid phospholipid and triglyceride fractions. Phospholipid stearic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic acid, were negatively associated with the number of mature oocytes and cleaved embryos, whereas arachidonic acid was in direct correlation with cleavage rate per IVF cycle (β = 0.325, P = 0.022). In the case of triglyceride fraction, total monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid in particular, displayed significantly positive associations with the number of oocytes (β = 0.261, P = 0.043) and embryos (β = 0.310, P = 0.018). Furthermore, cleavage rate correlated inversely with palmitic acid (β = -0.359, P = 0.007) and directly with pentadecanoic acid (β = 0.378, P = 0.005). Most of these associations, however, were not independent of predictive fatty acids belonging to phospholipid fraction, according to multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Fatty acid compositions of phospholipid and triglyceride fractions from human follicular fluid differentially correlate with IVF cycle parameters.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Acids; Female; Follicular Fluid; Humans; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Triglycerides
PubMed: 33279420
DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.09.024 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2021This is the first work reporting the use of a double suspect-screening to assess most common polymers and additives in micro(nano)plastics (NPLs/MPLs) found in...
This is the first work reporting the use of a double suspect-screening to assess most common polymers and additives in micro(nano)plastics (NPLs/MPLs) found in environmental waters. The method consisted of water filtration followed by ultrasonic-assisted extraction with toluene and analysis employing size exclusion chromatography using an advanced polymer chromatography column coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure photoionisation source by negative ionisation conditions (LC(APC)-APPI(-)-HRMS). The identification of NPL/MPLs polymers has been based on increasing confirmation level, including the monomers characterisation by the Kendrick Mass Defect and confirmation and quantification when standards were available. In parallel, the identification of main additives in NPL/MPLs composition, as well organic contaminants adsorbed onto the plastic particles were carried out by analysis of the extracts by LC(C18)-APPI (+/-)-HRMS. To assess the impact of plastic pollution it is necessary to assess the composition in terms of polymers but also the additives. This screening approach has been employed to study composition of NPL/MPLs in the Ebro Delta. Two sampling campaigns including freshwater and seawater samples have been investigated to assess plastic composition in the top 5 cm. Polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyisoprene (PI), polybutadiene (PBD), polypropylene (PP) and polysiloxanes were the most detected polymers and PP and PE, sizing between < 1000 and 2000 Da, were found at concentrations reaching up to 7000 ng/L in some areas. The pentadecanoic acid, 1,2,3-benzotriazoles, 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA), and phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and the phthalimide were more frequently detected plastic additives. Finally, series of organic contaminants were as well detected in the particulate fraction. These organic contaminants cannot be associated to plastic compositions but can be associated to their adsorption to the particulate matter, in particular to NPL/MPLs, due to their non-polar character. Among these organic contaminants, the more frequently detected were pharmaceutical compounds, food additives and pesticides.
PubMed: 33049636
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124022 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Dec 2014Growing evidence suggests that dairy consumption is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. However, observational studies have reported inconsistent results, and...
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence suggests that dairy consumption is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. However, observational studies have reported inconsistent results, and few have examined dairy's association with the underlying disorders of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the association of the dairy fatty acid biomarkers pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and trans-palmitoleic acid (trans 16:1n-7) with type 2 diabetes traits by evaluating 1) prospective associations with incident diabetes after 5 y of follow-up and 2) cross-sectional associations with directly measured insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
DESIGN
The study analyzed 659 adults without diabetes at baseline from the triethnic multicenter Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Diabetes status was assessed by using oral-glucose-tolerance tests. Frequently sampled intravenous-glucose-tolerance tests measured insulin sensitivity (SI) and β-cell function [disposition index (DI)]. Serum fatty acids were quantified by using gas chromatography. Logistic and linear regression models were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables.
RESULTS
Serum 15:0 was a significant biomarker for total dairy intake in the IRAS cohort. It was associated with a decreased incident diabetes risk (OR: 0.73, P = 0.02) and was positively associated with log SI (β: 0.84, P = 0.03) and log DI (β: 2.21, P = 0.02) in fully adjusted models. trans 16:1n-7 was a marker of total partially hydrogenated dietary fat intake and was not associated with outcomes in fully adjusted models.
CONCLUSIONS
Serum 15:0, a marker of short-term intake of this fatty acid, was inversely associated with diabetes risk in this multiethnic cohort. This study may contribute to future recommendations regarding the benefits of dairy products on type 2 diabetes risk.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dairy Products; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Ethnicity; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Life Style; Linear Models; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 25411288
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.092544