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Helicobacter Sep 2017Important progress is being made in endoscopic methods which allow clinicians to predict the presence of Helicobacter pylori based on characteristics of gastric mucosa... (Review)
Review
Important progress is being made in endoscopic methods which allow clinicians to predict the presence of Helicobacter pylori based on characteristics of gastric mucosa and to obtain targeted biopsies. There are also important developments in molecular methods with various techniques derived from standard PCR, applied both on gastric biopsies and stool specimens. Progress is being made in microfluidic systems to get a reliable diagnosis in a very short time. The interest of the C urea breath test has been confirmed as well as stool antigen tests. Attempts are being made to find biological markers of premalignant conditions by serology, other than pepsinogens.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Feces; Gastric Mucosa; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Urea
PubMed: 28891135
DOI: 10.1111/hel.12404 -
Parasitology Research May 2024Biomarkers are specific molecular, histological, or physiological characteristics of normal or pathogenic biological processes and are promising in the diagnosis of...
Biomarkers are specific molecular, histological, or physiological characteristics of normal or pathogenic biological processes and are promising in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). Although some biomarkers have been validated for infection by Ostertagia sp. in cattle raised in temperate regions, there is a lack of information for tropical regions. The aim of this project was to assess potential biomarkers and validate the most promising. In the first study, 36 bovines (Nelore breed) naturally infected by GINs were distributed into two groups: infected (not treated with anthelmintic) and treated (treated with fenbendazole on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56). The variables of interest were live weight, fecal egg count, hemogram, serum biochemical markers, phosphorus, gastrin, and pepsinogen. In the second step, pepsinogen was assessed in cattle of the Nelore breed distributed among three groups: infected (not treated with anthelmintic), MOX (treated with moxidectin), and IVM + BZD (treated with ivermectin + albendazole). In the first study, no difference between groups was found for weight, albumin, hematocrit (corpuscular volume [CV]), erythrocytes, or hemoglobin. Negative correlations were found between pepsinogen and both CV and albumin, and albumin was negatively correlated with the percentage of Haemonchus sp. in the fecal culture. Among the biomarkers, only pepsinogen differentiated treated and infected (beginning with the 28th day of the study). In the second study, a reduction in pepsinogen was found after anthelmintic treatment. Therefore, pepsinogen is a promising biomarker of worms in cattle naturally infected by the genera Haemonchus and Cooperia in tropical areas.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Biomarkers; Nematode Infections; Feces; Tropical Climate; Parasite Egg Count; Anthelmintics; Nematoda; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Fenbendazole
PubMed: 38713234
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08228-8 -
European Journal of Gastroenterology &... Feb 2018The elective background for gastric adenocarcinoma is the atrophic transformation of the gastric mucosa. The extent of mucosal atrophy basically parallels the risk of... (Review)
Review
The elective background for gastric adenocarcinoma is the atrophic transformation of the gastric mucosa. The extent of mucosal atrophy basically parallels the risk of developing gastric cancer. This means that either noninvasive (serology) or invasive (endoscopy/histology) methods enabling the atrophic transformation to be quantified can be used theoretically to assess a given patient's gastric cancer risk. This review aims to focus on the reliability of histology gastritis Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment -staging system for assessing the 'personalized' cancer risk in individuals with (atrophic) gastritis.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis, Atrophic; Humans; Pepsinogen A; Pepsinogen C; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Assessment; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 29215433
DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001015 -
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences... 2022Chronic dyspepsia's symptoms are frequently seen in primary to tertiary healthcare in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the potential usability of pepsinogen (PG)...
BACKGROUND
Chronic dyspepsia's symptoms are frequently seen in primary to tertiary healthcare in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the potential usability of pepsinogen (PG) values in determining gastric mucosal conditions, including superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We recruited 646 adult dyspeptic patients and then analyzed PG values (including PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio) with endoscopic findings, gastric mucosal damages, and infection. The gastric mucosal damage and infection were evaluated using histological examination based on the updated Sydney system.
RESULTS
Among 646 enrolled patients, 308 (47.2%), 212 (32.8%), 91 (14.1%), 34 (5.2%), and 1 (0.2%) patient were diagnosed with normal mucosa, gastritis, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer, respectively. Significant differences in PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio values were observed among ethnic groups (all < 0.01). The PGI and PGII levels were significantly higher and PGI/II was significantly lower in -infected patients than in uninfected ones (all < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for PGII and PGI/II was 12.45 ng/mL with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.755 (0.702-0.811), sensitivity 59.3%, and specificity 77.1%; and 4.75 with AUC value of 0.821 (0.763-0.855), sensitivity 81.5%, and specificity 78.7%, respectively, to determine moderate-severe atrophy.
CONCLUSION
Serum PG levels, a useful biomarker, represent the endoscopic findings, especially for reflux esophagitis. In addition, the benefits of PG values detecting atrophic gastritis were limited to moderate-severe atrophic gastritis. This usefulness requires careful attention for several ethnic groups in Indonesia.
PubMed: 36685023
DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_983_21 -
Gut Apr 2016
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gastroscopy; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Pepsinogen A; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 26531717
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310599 -
Biomolecular Concepts May 2019Purpose We aimed to determine optimal cut-off points of plasma levels of ghrelin and serum levels of pepsinogen I, II, and their ratio for screening of gastric cancer...
Purpose We aimed to determine optimal cut-off points of plasma levels of ghrelin and serum levels of pepsinogen I, II, and their ratio for screening of gastric cancer (GC). Methods Blood samples were taken from 41 patients with confirmed gastric cancer along with 82 patients without malignancy. Serum levels of pepsinogen I and II, plus plasma levels of acylated ghrelin were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Results The case group had significant lower plasma levels of ghrelin, pepsinogen I, and pepsinogen I/II ratio in comparison to the control group (P<0.001). In the control group, there was significant higher serum pepsinogen I (P=0.028) and pepsinogen II (P=0.003) and lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.020) in males versus females; significantly higher serum pepsinogen II (P=0.047) and lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.030) in overweight compared to normal weight patients; and significantly lower pepsinogen I/II ratio (P=0.030) in smokers versus non-smoker. In the case group, there was only significantly lower pepsinogen I (P=0.006) in males versus females, and significantly lower plasma ghrelin (P=0.017) in overweight compared to normal weight patients. The characteristic curve analysis indicated that pepsinogen I at a cut-off of 70.95 μg/L and pepsinogen I/II ratio at cut-off of 2.99, had good sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Just serums levels of pepsinogen I and the ratio of pepsinogen I/II can be used as biomarker to screen GC.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Case-Control Studies; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pepsinogens; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 31188744
DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0010 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020() is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. infection... (Review)
Review
() is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children. We performed an extensive literature review focusing on gastric cancer related biomarkers identified in adult populations, which have been detected in children infected with . Biomarkers were related to expression levels (RNA or protein) and/or methylation levels (DNA) in gastric tissue or blood of infected children as compared to non-infected controls. In this review, we identified 37 biomarkers of which 24 are over expressed, three are under expressed, and ten genes are significantly hypermethylated in -infected children compared to healthy controls in at least 1 study. Only four of these biomarkers (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin, and SLC5A8) have been studied in asymptomatically infected children. Importantly, 13 of these biomarkers (β-catenin, C-MYC, GATA-4, DAPK1, CXCL13, DC-SIGN, TIMP3, EGFR, GRIN2B, PIM2, SLC5A8, CDH1, and VCAM-1.) are consistently deregulated in infected children and in adults with gastric cancer. Future studies should be designed to determine the clinical significance of these changes in infection-associated biomarkers in children and their persistence over time. The effect of eradication therapy over these biomarkers in children if proven significant, could lead to modifications in treatment guidelines for younger populations, and eventually promote the development of preventive strategies, such as vaccination, in the near future.
PubMed: 32117120
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090 -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Jun 2021Very few studies have explored the changes of serum pepsinogen after bariatric surgery and no research has evaluated the feasibility of ABC classification to predict...
BACKGROUND
Very few studies have explored the changes of serum pepsinogen after bariatric surgery and no research has evaluated the feasibility of ABC classification to predict gastric cancer risk after bariatric surgery.
METHODS
We enrolled 94 obese subjects that received bariatric surgery, including 41 sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 53 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The serum pepsinogen I (PGI), pepsinogen II (PGII), PGI/II ratio and seropositivity of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) were measured before and one year after surgery. Patients were classified according to ABC classification and post-operative change was evaluated.
RESULTS
Preoperatively, four (4.2%) patients were classified into high risk group (classification C and D) for gastric cancer. Significant reduction of PGI, PGII and decrease of PGI/II ratio were noted after bariatric surgery. H. pylori seropositive patients had a greater postoperative change of PGI (-38.6μg/L vs -22.1μg/L, p=0.003) and PGII (-8.0μg/L vs -2.5μg/L, p <0.001) but a less postoperative change of PGI/II ratio (-0.6 vs -2.1, p =0.04) than H. pylori seronegative patients. One year after surgery, the portion of high risk group of ABC classification for gastric cancer increased markedly from 4.2% to 23.7%.
CONCLUSION
Both of SG and RYGB resulted in significant reduction of serum PGI and PGII after bariatric surgery, and significantly influenced the ABC classification. The application of ABC classification for gastric cancer screening was limited after bariatric surgery.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Pepsinogen A; Pepsinogen C
PubMed: 33199102
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.10.029 -
Preventive Medicine Sep 2023Gastric cancer continues to be a significant health concern in China, with a high incidence rate. To mitigate its impact, early detection and treatment is key. However,...
Development and validation of LightGBM algorithm for optimizing of Helicobacter pylori antibody during the minimum living guarantee crowd based gastric cancer screening program in Taizhou, China.
Gastric cancer continues to be a significant health concern in China, with a high incidence rate. To mitigate its impact, early detection and treatment is key. However, conducting large-scale endoscopic gastric cancer screening is not feasible in China. Instead, a more appropriate approach would be to initially screen high-risk groups and follow up with endoscopic testing as needed. We conducted a study on 25,622 asymptomatic participants aged 45-70 years from a free gastric cancer screening program in the Taizhou city government's Minimum Living Guarantee Crowd (MLGC) initiative. Participants completed questionnaires, blood tests, and underwent gastrin-17 (G-17), pepsinogen I and II (PGI and PGII), and H. pylori IgG antibody (IgG) assessments. Using the light gradient boosting machine (lightGBM) algorithm, we developed a predictive model for gastric cancer risk. In the full model, F1 score was 2.66%, precision was 1.36%, and recall was 58.14%. In the high-risk model, F1 score was 2.51%, precision was 1.27%, and recall was 94.55%. Excluding IgG, the F1 score was 2.73%, precision was 1.40%, and recall was 68.62%. We conclude that H. pylori IgG appears to be able to be excluded from the prediction model without significantly affecting its performance, which is important from a health economic point of view. It suggests that screening indicators can be optimized, and expenditures reduced. These findings can have important implications for policymakers, as we can focus resources on other important aspects of gastric cancer prevention and control.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Helicobacter pylori; Pepsinogen A; Early Detection of Cancer; Pepsinogen C; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 37419420
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107605 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2022Simple objective modalities are required for evaluating suspected autoimmune gastritis (AIG). This cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether pepsinogen, gastrin,...
Simple objective modalities are required for evaluating suspected autoimmune gastritis (AIG). This cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether pepsinogen, gastrin, and endoscopic findings can predict AIG. The diagnostic performance of endoscopic findings and serology in distinguishing AIG was evaluated. AIG was diagnosed in patients (N = 31) with anti-parietal cell antibody and/or intrinsic factor antibody positivity and histological findings consistent with AIG. Non-AIG patients (N = 301) were seronegative for anti-parietal cell antibodies. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the entire cohort (N = 332) identified an endoscopic atrophic grade cutoff point of O3 on the Kimura-Takemoto classification (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.909), while those of pepsinogen-I, I/II ratio, and gastrin were 20.1 ng/mL (AUC: 0.932), 1.8 (AUC: 0.913), and 355 pg/mL (AUC: 0.912), respectively. In severe atrophy cases (≥ O3, N = 58, AIG/control; 27/31), the cutoff values of pepsinogen-I, I/II ratio, and gastrin were 9.8 ng/mL (AUC: 0.895), 1.8 (AUC: 0.86), and 355 pg/mL (AUC: 0.897), respectively. In conclusion, endoscopic atrophy is a predictor of AIG. High serum gastrin and low pepsinogen-I and I/II ratio are predictors even in the case of severe atrophy, suggesting their usefulness when the diagnosis of AIG is difficult or as serological screening tests.
Topics: Atrophy; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gastrins; Gastritis, Atrophic; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Pepsinogen A
PubMed: 35273265
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07947-1