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PloS One 2021Microorganisms in oral cavity are called oral microbiota, while microbiome consists of total genome content of microorganisms in a host. Interaction between host and... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Microorganisms in oral cavity are called oral microbiota, while microbiome consists of total genome content of microorganisms in a host. Interaction between host and microorganisms is important in nervous system development and nervous diseases such as Autism, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Bacterial infections, as an environmental factor in MS pathogenesis play role in T helper 17(Th17) increase and it enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interlukin-21(IL-21), IL-17 and IL -22. Oral microbiota consists diverse populations of cultivable and uncultivable bacterial species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is an acceptable method for identification of uncultivable bacteria. In this study, we compared the bacterial population diversity in the oral cavity between MS and healthy people.
METHODS
From October to March 2019, samples were taken at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences' MS patients center. A total of 30 samples were taken from MS patients and another 30 samples were taken from healthy people. Phenotypic tests were used to identify bacteria after pure cultures were obtained. DNA was extracted from 1 mL of saliva, and PCR products produced with primers were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels.
RESULTS
The genera Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium and uncultivable bacteria with accession number MW880919-25, JQ477416.1, KF074888.1 and several other un-culturable strains were significantly more abundant in the MS group while Lactobacillus and Peptostreptococcus were more prevalent in the normal healthy group according to logistic regression method.
CONCLUSION
Oral micro-organisms may alleviate or exacerbate inflammatory condition which impact MS disease pathogenesis. It may be assumed that controlling oral infections may result in reduction of MS disease progression.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Female; Humans; Mouth; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 34847159
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260384 -
Gut Aug 2018Microbiota alterations are linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) and notably higher abundance of putative oral bacteria on colonic tumours. However, it is not known if...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Microbiota alterations are linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) and notably higher abundance of putative oral bacteria on colonic tumours. However, it is not known if colonic mucosa-associated taxa are indeed orally derived, if such cases are a distinct subset of patients or if the oral microbiome is generally suitable for screening for CRC.
METHODS
We profiled the microbiota in oral swabs, colonic mucosae and stool from individuals with CRC (99 subjects), colorectal polyps (32) or controls (103).
RESULTS
Several oral taxa were differentially abundant in CRC compared with controls, for example, and s pp. A classification model of oral swab microbiota distinguished individuals with CRC or polyps from controls (sensitivity: 53% (CRC)/67% (polyps); specificity: 96%). Combining the data from faecal microbiota and oral swab microbiota increased the sensitivity of this model to 76% (CRC)/88% (polyps). We detected similar bacterial networks in colonic microbiota and oral microbiota datasets comprising putative oral biofilm forming bacteria. While these taxa were more abundant in CRC, core networks between pathogenic, CRC-associated oral bacteria such as , and were also detected in healthy controls. High abundance of Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with the colonisation of colonic tissue with oral-like bacterial networks suggesting a protective role for certain microbiota types against CRC, possibly by conferring colonisation resistance to CRC-associated oral taxa and possibly mediated through habitual diet.
CONCLUSION
The heterogeneity of CRC may relate to microbiota types that either predispose or provide resistance to the disease, and profiling the oral microbiome may offer an alternative screen for detecting CRC.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Colonic Polyps; Colorectal Neoplasms; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Mouth; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 28988196
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314814 -
Cell Host & Microbe Jul 2017Host factors in the intestine help select for bacteria that promote health. Certain commensals can utilize mucins as an energy source, thus promoting their colonization....
Host factors in the intestine help select for bacteria that promote health. Certain commensals can utilize mucins as an energy source, thus promoting their colonization. However, health conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with a reduced mucus layer, potentially leading to dysbiosis associated with this disease. We characterize the capability of commensal species to cleave and transport mucin-associated monosaccharides and identify several Clostridiales members that utilize intestinal mucins. One such mucin utilizer, Peptostreptococcus russellii, reduces susceptibility to epithelial injury in mice. Several Peptostreptococcus species contain a gene cluster enabling production of the tryptophan metabolite indoleacrylic acid (IA), which promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function and mitigates inflammatory responses. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis of human stool samples reveals that the genetic capability of microbes to utilize mucins and metabolize tryptophan is diminished in IBD patients. Our data suggest that stimulating IA production could promote anti-inflammatory responses and have therapeutic benefits.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Clostridiales; Colon; Cytokines; Dysbiosis; Humans; Indoles; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Mice; Mucin-2; Mucins; Organoids; Peptostreptococcus; Symbiosis
PubMed: 28704649
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.007 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The previous researches show that infertile patients have a higher incidence of endometritis and endometrial polyps, and the occurrence of these two diseases is related...
BACKGROUND
The previous researches show that infertile patients have a higher incidence of endometritis and endometrial polyps, and the occurrence of these two diseases is related to changes in the microbiota of the genital tract. We aim to determine the composition and changing characteristics of the microbiota in the genital tract (especially the endometrium) of infertile patients with chronic endometritis or endometrial polyps, and find the correlation between it and the occurrence of diseases.
METHODS
This is a prospective study. We collected genital tract biopsy samples from 134 asymptomatic infertile patients receiving assisted reproductive therapy before embryo transfer. Through pathological examination and 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA) sequencing, we determined the distribution of chronic endometritis and endometrial polyps in these patients, as well as their distribution of reproductive tract microorganisms.
RESULTS
Compared with the normal control group, the microbial group of reproductive tract in patients with chronic endometritis and endometrial polyps is changed, and there are significant species differences and relative abundance differences in the vagina, cervix and uterine cavity. , the dominant flora of female genital tract, showed a change in abundance in patients with endometrial diseases. Endometrial microbiota composed of , etc. are related to chronic endometritis and endometrial polyps.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that, compared with the normal control group, the endometrial microbiota of infertile patients with chronic endometritis or endometrial polyps did have significant changes in the relative abundance distribution of species, suggesting that changes in local microecology may be an important factor in the occurrence of disease, or even adverse pregnancy outcomes. The further study of endometrial microecology may provide a new opportunity to further improve the diagnosis and treatment strategy of chronic endometritis.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Endometritis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Prospective Studies; Infertility, Female; Endometrium; Microbiota
PubMed: 37284497
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1125640 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2020Several studies in recent times have linked gut microbiome (GM) diversity to the pathogenesis of cancer and its role in disease progression through immune response,...
Several studies in recent times have linked gut microbiome (GM) diversity to the pathogenesis of cancer and its role in disease progression through immune response, inflammation and metabolism modulation. This study focused on the use of network analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the biological interaction between the gut ecosystem and its metabolites that could impact the immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing second-line treatment with anti-PD1. Metabolomic data were merged with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 16S RNA-targeted metagenomics and classified by chemometric models. The traits considered for the analyses were: (i) condition: disease or control (CTRLs), and (ii) treatment: responder (R) or non-responder (NR). Network analysis indicated that indole and its derivatives, aldehydes and alcohols could play a signaling role in GM functionality. WGCNA generated, instead, strong correlations between short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and a healthy GM. Furthermore, commensal bacteria such as , Rikenellaceae, , Peptostreptococcaceae, Mogibacteriaceae and Clostridiaceae were found to be more abundant in CTRLs than in NSCLC patients. Our preliminary study demonstrates that the discovery of microbiota-linked biomarkers could provide an indication on the road towards personalized management of NSCLC patients.
Topics: Akkermansia; Alcohols; Aldehydes; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Bacteroides; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Clostridiaceae; Databases, Genetic; Disease Progression; Drug Monitoring; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; Immunotherapy; Indoles; Lung Neoplasms; Metabolome; Metagenomics; Peptostreptococcus; Precision Medicine; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33227982
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228730 -
Nature Biomedical Engineering Jan 2022Because a host's immune system is affected by host-microbiota interactions, means of modulating the microbiota could be leveraged to augment the effectiveness of cancer...
Because a host's immune system is affected by host-microbiota interactions, means of modulating the microbiota could be leveraged to augment the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Here we report that patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) whose tumours contained higher levels of bacteria of the genus Peptostreptococcus had higher probability of long-term survival. We then show that in mice with murine OSCC tumours injected with oral microbiota from patients with OSCCs, antitumour responses were enhanced by the subcutaneous delivery of an adhesive hydrogel incorporating silver nanoparticles (which inhibited the growth of bacteria competing with Peptostreptococcus) alongside the intratumoural delivery of the bacterium P. anaerobius (which upregulated the levels of Peptostreptococcus). We also show that in mice with subcutaneous or orthotopic murine OSCC tumours, combination therapy with the two components (nanoparticle-incorporating hydrogel and exogenous P. anaerobius) synergized with checkpoint inhibition with programmed death-1. Our findings suggest that biomaterials can be designed to modulate human microbiota to augment antitumour immune responses.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Microbiota; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Peptostreptococcus; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Silver; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 34750535
DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00807-9 -
Cureus Jun 2022Fish bone-induced pancreatitis is an uncommon cause of pancreatitis, with only a few reported cases in the literature. The patients with the highest risk for fish...
Fish bone-induced pancreatitis is an uncommon cause of pancreatitis, with only a few reported cases in the literature. The patients with the highest risk for fish bone-induced pancreatitis include those from cultures where unfilleted fish is a culinary delicacy. The etiology of foreign body-induced pancreatitis is very common, secondary to inflammation of the duodenal papilla or bile duct obstruction. CT imaging is key for visualization of the fish bone, as radiography rarely detects fish bones. Complications of fish bone-induced pancreatitis include thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein, bacteremia (with ), pancreatic granuloma, and gastrointestinal perforation. Management of fish bone-induced pancreatitis includes either endoscopic resection or exploratory laparotomy, followed by supportive care until pancreatitis resolves. Here, we present a case of pancreatitis secondary to accidental fish bone ingestion, identified during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and managed by bone removal and supportive care.
PubMed: 35891822
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26191 -
Microorganisms Jun 2020Gallstone disease (GSD) has, for many years, remained a high-cost, socially significant public health problem. Over the past decade, a number of studies have been... (Review)
Review
Gallstone disease (GSD) has, for many years, remained a high-cost, socially significant public health problem. Over the past decade, a number of studies have been carried out-both in humans and in animal models-confirming the role of the microbiota in various sections of the gastrointestinal tract as a new link in the etiopathogenesis of GSD. The microbiome of bile correlates with the bacterial composition of saliva, and the microbiome of the biliary tract has a high similarity with the microbiota of the duodenum. Pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity, through mechanisms of immunomodulation, can affect the motility of the gallbladder and the expression of mucin genes ( ), and represent one of the promoters of stone formation in the gallbladder. The presence of infection contributes to the formation of gallstones and affects the occurrence of complications of GSD, including acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis. Intestinal bacteria (, and ) participating in the oxidation and epimerization of bile acids can disrupt enterohepatic circulation and lead to the formation of gallstones. At the same time, cholecystectomy due to GSD leads to the further transformation of the composition of the microbiota in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the risk of developing stomach cancer and colorectal cancer. Further research is required to determine the possibility of using the evaluation of the composition of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts as an early diagnostic marker of various gastroenterological diseases.
PubMed: 32498344
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060835 -
European Journal of Clinical... Jul 2016Most sinus infections are viral and only a small percentage develop bacterial infection. Rhino-, influenza, and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral causes... (Review)
Review
Most sinus infections are viral and only a small percentage develop bacterial infection. Rhino-, influenza, and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral causes of sinusitis. The most common bacterial isolates from children and adult patients with community-acquired acute bacterial sinusitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic organisms (Prevotella and Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus spp.) are the commonest isolates in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Aerobic and anaerobic beta lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) were recovered from over a third of these patients. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for over 60 % of S. aureus isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic and facultative Gram-negative rods are frequently recovered in nosocomial sinusitis, the immunocompromised host, individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and in cystic fibrosis. The CRS infection evolves the formation of a biofilm that might play a significant role in the pathogenesis and persistence of CRS. The microbiology of sinusitis is influenced by previous antimicrobial therapy, vaccinations, and the presence of normal flora capable of interfering with the growth of pathogens. Recognition of the unique microbiology of CRS and their antimicrobial susceptibility is of great importance when selecting antimicrobial therapy.
Topics: Age Factors; Bacterial Infections; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Humans; Nasal Polyps; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 27086363
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2640-x