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World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Jun 2021Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, have a lifetime risk of developing cancer of nearly... (Review)
Review
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, have a lifetime risk of developing cancer of nearly 100%. Recent studies have pointed out that the gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the development of colorectal adenomas and the consequent progression to colorectal cancer. Some gut bacteria, such as , , , and enterotoxigenic could be implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis through different mechanisms, including the maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state, production of bioactive tumorigenic metabolites, and DNA damage. Studies using the adenomatous polyposis coli mouse model, which resembles FAP in most respects, have shown that specific changes in the intestinal microbial community could influence a multistep progression, the intestinal "adenoma-carcinoma sequence", which involves mucosal barrier injury, low-grade inflammation, activation of the Wnt pathway. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiota might represent a novel therapeutic target for patients with FAP. Administration of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could potentially prevent the progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in FAP. The aim of this review was to summarize the best available knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis in patients with FAP.
PubMed: 34163569
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.495 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020In order to improve our understanding on the microbial complexity associated with Grade C/molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (GC/MIP), we surveyed the oral and fecal...
In order to improve our understanding on the microbial complexity associated with Grade C/molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (GC/MIP), we surveyed the oral and fecal microbiomes of GC/MIP and compared to non-affected individuals (Control). Seven Afro-descendants with GC/MIP and seven age/race/gender-matched controls were evaluated. Biofilms from supra/subgingival sites (OB) and feces were collected and submitted to sequencing. () JP2 clone genotyping and salivary nitrite levels were determined. Supragingival biofilm of GC/MIP presented greater abundance of opportunistic bacteria. was increased in subgingival healthy sites of GC/MIP compared to Control. and were more abundant whereas was reduced in OB of GC/MIP compared to controls. abundance was 50 times higher in periodontal sites with PD≥ 4 mm of GC/MIP than in controls. GC/MIP oral microbiome was characterized by a reduction in commensals such as , and and enrichment in periodontopathogens, especially and sulfate reducing . The oral microbiome of the JP2-like+ patient was phylogenetically distant from other GC/MIP individuals. GC/MIP presented a higher abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria in the feces, such as , and than controls. These preliminary data show that the dysbiosis of the microbiome in Afro-descendants with GC/MIP was not restricted to affected sites, but was also observed in supragingival and subgingival healthy sites, as well as in the feces. The understanding on differences of the microbiome between healthy and GC/MIP patients will help in developing strategies to improve and monitor periodontal treatment.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Desulfovibrio; Erysipelothrix; Feces; Humans; Incisor; Microbiota; Molar; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33117737
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.583761 -
Cellular Signalling Apr 2024Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world with high mortality rate. EHLJ7 is a quaternary coptisine derivative synthesized by our institute....
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world with high mortality rate. EHLJ7 is a quaternary coptisine derivative synthesized by our institute. In this study, the role and mechanism of EHLJ7 on CRC are further elucidated. Using target fishing, colon cancer-associated target screening and molecular docking analysis, PI3K/AKT pathway was selected for the target of EHLJ7 at CRC. Results of Flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell migration assay confirmed that EHLJ7 could inhibit migration and apoptosis of colon cancer cells by specifically inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro. Xenograft tumor models and a newly established azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)/Peptostreptococcus anaerobiu (P.anaerobius)-induced CRC mouse model are applied to access the anti-cancer action and mechanism of EHLJ7 using western-blot, immunohistochemistry and analysis of exosomes. The key findings in this study are listed as follows: (1) EHLJ7 exerts superior anti-tumor effect with good safety on Xenograft tumor model and CRC model; (2) EHLJ7 exerted its anti-CRC effect by specifically inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In summary, we demonstrated that EHLJ7 exerts therapeutic effect against CRC by PI3K/AKT pathway, which made it possible as a potentially effective compound for the treatment of CRC.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Signal Transduction; Molecular Docking Simulation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Colonic Neoplasms; Berberine
PubMed: 38224723
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111053 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Sep 2021Some cancer treatment failures have been attributed to the tumour microbiota, with implications that microbiota manipulation may improve treatment efficacy. While... (Review)
Review
Some cancer treatment failures have been attributed to the tumour microbiota, with implications that microbiota manipulation may improve treatment efficacy. While antibiotics have been used to control bacterial growth, their dysbiotic effects on the microbiome, failure to penetrate biofilms and decreased efficacy due to increasing antimicrobial resistance by bacteria, suggest alternatives are needed. Bacteriophages may provide a precise means for targeting oncobacteria whose relative abundance is increased in tumour tissue microbiomes. Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Parvimonas, and Treponema species are prevalent in tumour tissue microbiomes of some cancers. They may promote cancer growth by dampening immunity, stimulating release of proinflammatory cytokines, and directly interacting with cancer cells to stimulate proliferation. Lytic bacteriophages against some of these oncobacteria have been isolated and characterised. The search continues for others. The possibility exists for their testing as adjuncts to complement existing therapies. In this review, we highlight the role of oncobacteria, specifically those whose relative abundance in the intra-tumour microbiome is increased, and discuss the potential for bacteriophages against these micro-organisms to augment existing cancer therapies. The capacity for bacteriophages to modulate immunity and kill specific bacteria makes them suitable candidates to manipulate the tumour microbiome and negate the effects of these oncobacteria.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Dysbiosis; Humans; Microbiota; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33765142
DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab017 -
Anaerobe Feb 2022Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in both males and females in the Unites States. Colonoscopy is considered a safe method for... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in both males and females in the Unites States. Colonoscopy is considered a safe method for screening this disorder; however, it can be challenging for patients. As research on microbiota, especially anaerobic microbiota, has expanded substantially, new links have been determined between anaerobic bacteria and CRC progression. These associations can be useful in screening CRC in the near future. This review discusses current research investigating the presence of anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Clostridium septicum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Parvimonas micra in CRC and presents an overview about their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the current anaerobic probiotics used for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteroides fragilis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Male
PubMed: 34906686
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102501 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Microorganisms play a key role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Research studies have focused on seeking specific microorganisms for diagnosing...
OBJECTIVE
Microorganisms play a key role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Research studies have focused on seeking specific microorganisms for diagnosing and monitoring the outcome of periodontitis treatment. Large samples may help to discover novel potential biomarkers and capture the common characteristics among different periodontitis patients. This study examines how to screen and merge high-quality periodontitis-related sequence datasets from several similar projects to analyze and mine the potential information comprehensively.
METHODS
In all, 943 subgingival samples from nine publications were included based on predetermined screening criteria. A uniform pipeline (QIIME2) was applied to clean the raw sequence datasets and merge them together. Microbial structure, biomarkers, and correlation network were explored between periodontitis and healthy individuals. The microbiota patterns at different periodontal pocket depths were described. Additionally, potential microbial functions and metabolic pathways were predicted using PICRUSt to assess the differences between health and periodontitis.
RESULTS
The subgingival microbial communities and functions in subjects with periodontitis were significantly different from those in healthy subjects. , , , , , , and were periodontitis biomarkers, while , , , , , , and were signature of healthy periodontium. With the variation of pocket depth from shallow to deep pocket, the proportion of Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes, TM7, and Fusobacteria increased, whereas that of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased. Synergistic relationships were observed among different pathobionts and negative relationships were noted between periodontal pathobionts and healthy microbiota.
CONCLUSION
This study shows significant differences in the oral microbial community and potential metabolic pathways between the periodontitis and healthy groups. Our integrated analysis provides potential biomarkers and directions for in-depth research. Moreover, a new method for integrating similar sequence data is shown here that can be applied to other microbial-related areas.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Microbiota; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Periodontium
PubMed: 34222038
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.663756 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2017Affinity chromatography permits the isolation of a target analyte from a complex mixture and can be utilized to purify proteins, carbohydrates, drugs, haptens, or any...
Affinity chromatography permits the isolation of a target analyte from a complex mixture and can be utilized to purify proteins, carbohydrates, drugs, haptens, or any analyte of interest once an affinity pair is available. It involves the exploitation of specific interactions between a binding affinity pair, such as those between an antibody and its associated antigen, or between any ligand and its associated binding receptor/protein. With the discovery of protein A in 1970, and, subsequently protein G and L, immuno-affinity chromatography has grown in popularity and is now the standard methodology for the purification of antibodies which may be implemented for a selection of different applications such as immunodiagnostics. This chapter is designed to inform the researcher about the basic techniques involved in the affinity chromatography-based purification of monoclonal, polyclonal, and recombinant antibodies. Examples are provided for the use of protein A and G. In addition, tables are provided that allow the reader to select the most appropriate protein for use in the isolation of their antibody.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Proteins; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Affinity; Humans; Staphylococcal Protein A
PubMed: 27730559
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6412-3_15 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, of which more than 90% is squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of oral cancer is...
Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, of which more than 90% is squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of oral cancer is on the rise worldwide. An imbalance between the microorganism composition and its host may lead to the occurrence of oral malignant tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that the oral microbiota plays an important role in oral cancer; however, the association between oral microbiota and oral cancer has not yet been comprehensively studied. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of three groups of samples from Chinese patients with oral cancer, patients with precancerous lesion, and normal individuals. In terms of microbiota richness, the oral microbiota of patients with precancerous lesions was richer than that of oral cancer patients and healthy controls, whereas in terms of microbiota diversity, there was little difference between the three groups. The three groups of samples exhibited statistically significant differences in microbiota composition and metabolic function at the family, genus, and species levels ( < 0.05). The differentially enriched phylum in oral cancer samples was Bacteroidetes ( < 0.05). At the genus level, the main differentially enriched taxa were , and ( < 0.05). The species level was differentially enriched in and (p < 0.05). The prediction of microbiota function shows that oral cancer is mainly associated with coenzyme A biosynthesis, phosphopantothenic acid biosynthesis, inosine 5'-phosphate degradation, and riboflavin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the increase in C-reactive protein level in oral cancer patients was found to be closely related to . Overall, oral bacterial profiles showed significant differences between the oral cancer group and normal group. Hence, microbes can be employed as diagnostic markers and treatment targets for oral cancer.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; China; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34956932
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.780067 -
Journal of Cancer 2022Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive tract tumor in China, and oral intaking habit has a great influence on the development of EC. The present study explored...
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive tract tumor in China, and oral intaking habit has a great influence on the development of EC. The present study explored the correlation between oral intaking habit and tongue coating (TC) microbiota in patients with esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) to provide a reasonable interpretation of the influence of oral intaking habit on microbial alterations in the EPL. A case-control study was designed with 123 EPL patients and 176 volunteers with mild esophagitis, and they were well matched using sex, age, and body mass index. The TC microbiota was profiled using high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and the serum levels of total bile acid (TBA) and interleukin-17α (IL-17α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Alpha diversity, community structure, and linear discriminant analysis were conducted, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to build the symbiotic network. No significant differences were observed in the diversity and richness of the TC microbiota between the cases and controls ( > 0.05). TC and were enriched in EPL patients. Stratified analysis showed that TC microbial composition was affected by both EPL and oral intaking habit; for example, and were positively related to oral intaking habit scores in both the cases and controls, while was negatively correlated with oral intaking habit status in cases but positively correlated with oral intaking habit status in controls. Although serum TBA and IL-17α were not associated with EPL ( > 0.05), the daily-drinking cases had a higher level of serum TBA than the nondrinking cases ( < 0.05), and (Hp) negative controls had a higher level of serum TBA than the Hp-positive controls ( < 0.05). The symbiotic networks were comprised of 71 significant correlations in the controls and 52 significant correlations in the cases. The development of EPL changed the TC microbiota and decreased the symbiotic complexity of the TC bacteria, which were also influenced by the cancer-related oral intaking habit. Bile acid may be a key factor mediating changes in TC microbiota.
PubMed: 35281875
DOI: 10.7150/jca.67068 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2022As a common female reproductive system malignancy, cervical cancer (CC) disturbs numerous women's health. This study demonstrates the role of the vaginal microbial...
As a common female reproductive system malignancy, cervical cancer (CC) disturbs numerous women's health. This study demonstrates the role of the vaginal microbial environment () in cervical cancer. Functional assays, including cell proliferation assay, tube formation assay, and immunofluorescence staining, revealed the effect of -treated macrophages on cell proliferation and the angiogenesis process. The tube formation assay disclosed the function of -treated macrophages on angiogenesis. In vivo assays were also established to explore the impact of -treated macrophages on tumor migration. The results revealed that -induced macrophages boosted cervical cancer migration and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Then, this study unveiled that -induced macrophage secreted VEGF to stimulate the angiogenesis in cervical cancer. As a whole, -induced macrophage facilitates cervical cancer development through modulation of VEGF expression.
Topics: Female; Humans; Macrophages; Peptostreptococcus; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 35983073
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3525735