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Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2023A 10-month-old female domestic shorthaired (DSH) cat was presented with peracute respiratory problems. Physical examination revealed dyspnoea, tachypnoea, cyanosis, weak...
A 10-month-old female domestic shorthaired (DSH) cat was presented with peracute respiratory problems. Physical examination revealed dyspnoea, tachypnoea, cyanosis, weak pulse and bradycardia. Auscultation showed pulmonary crepitation and attenuated heart sounds and a pansystolic grade V/VI murmur. The electrocardiogram showed atrioventricular dissociation identified as third-degree sinoatrial block. X-rays showed increased density in the ventral and middle zones of the thorax and loss of definition of the cardiac silhouette and increased diffuse radiographic density of the entire abdomen. Echocardiography revealed dilatation of the right atrium and concentric biventricular hypertrophy. A type 1 persistent truncus arteriosus was diagnosed at necropsy. This is the first case report of this type of arrhythmia in a cat with persistent truncus arteriosus, and its relationship with the described congenital cardiac anomaly is discussed.
Topics: Female; Cats; Animals; Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Diagnosis, Differential; Heart Block; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 37029758
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1132 -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2019The article summarizes the known facts regarding the selection of antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis and similar serious infections, their mechanism of action,...
The article summarizes the known facts regarding the selection of antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis and similar serious infections, their mechanism of action, dosage and mode of administration. Particular attention is paid to early antibiotic therapy: a delay of several hours in the onset of antibiotic therapy can be tolerated if it helps to clarify the aethiology and to refine the treatment. However, in case of the very acute infections it is necessary to start antibiotic treatment immediately; diagnostic procedures are mentioned that can be used for the selection of the appropriate drug.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 31088097
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important emerging transboundary diseases of pigs, causing trade restrictions, and a health impact on susceptible pigs. Nine...
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important emerging transboundary diseases of pigs, causing trade restrictions, and a health impact on susceptible pigs. Nine countries in the continental European Union (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Belgium, Romania, and Hungary) have been affected by ASF from 2014 to 2018 and it keeps spreading despite the efforts to control it. For a number of years, we have witnessed high case-fatality rates in wild boar found dead particularly in new infected areas, which is typical of the peracute and acute forms of the infection at the beginning of an ASF epidemic. Experimental evidence with currently circulating strains indicates that some infected animals can remain asymptomatic and might even survive the infection. An increased presence of virus of moderate virulence can complicate ASF diagnosis as well as the mitigation and control of the disease. We analyze the ASF surveillance data in wild boar in the four EU countries where ASF has been present for longer, comparing the spatial density of antibody positive notifications with the time ASF has been present per region. Results indicate an increasing annual distribution of notifications based on antibodies over nucleic acid detection in hunted wild boar in Estonia, Latvia and Poland. Potentially, Lithuania, and Poland seem to have experienced more acute forms in 2017 and 2018 than Latvia and Estonia. Overall there was a positive statistical correlation between time with infection (TWI) and antibody positive density, with some variations in certain regions, particularly of Lithuania and Estonia. The increasing trend in potential survivors (hunted wild boar with confirmed PCR negative and antibody positive results) enhances the importance of surveillance design to sample and test shot wild boar. In conclusion, surveillance data based on ASFV detection by PCR and serology can be used to assess the status of the epidemic in wild boar.
PubMed: 32296720
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00155 -
Journal of Microbiological Methods Jan 2023Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an acute infection of cattle and buffaloes caused by the B:2 serotype of Pasteurella multocida. This disease is highly endemic in South...
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an acute infection of cattle and buffaloes caused by the B:2 serotype of Pasteurella multocida. This disease is highly endemic in South Asia. In some peracute cases, there is 100% mortality in infected animals within a few hours of infection. Therefore, timely diagnosis of infection may contribute to its treatment and control to minimize economic losses. The current work reported the development of ELISA-based assays for the detection of anti-P. multocida antibodies and pathogen i.e. P. multocida. Owing to high immunogenicity, membrane proteins (MPs) extracted from local isolates of P. multocida serotype B:2 (PM1, PM2, and PM3) were employed as a potential diagnostic antigen for the development of indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) to detect HS antibodies in animals. MPs extracted from PM1, PM2 and PM3 isolates showed very low heterogeneity; hence MPs from the PM3 isolate were selected for the development of i-ELISA. The concentration of MPs (as coating antigen) of 3.13 μg/well and test sera dilution 1:100 was found to be optimal to perform i-ELISA. The developed method was validated through the detection of anti-P. multocida antibodies in sera of mice, immunized with MPs and formalin killed cells from the three local isolates (PM1, PM2 and PM3) of P. multocida. The significantly higher antibody titer in immunized mice was determined compared to unimmunized mice with the cut off value of 0.139. To detect P. multocida directly from the blood of infected animals, whole cell-based ELISA (cb-ELISA) assay was developed. A better detection signal was observed in the assay where bacterial cells were directly adsorbed on plate wells as compared to poly L-lysine (PLL) assisted attachment at a cell concentration of 10 CFU and 10 CFU respectively. The developed assays can be scaled up and potentially be used for the rapid detection of HS antibodies to gauge the immune status of the animal as well as vaccination efficacy and pathogen detection.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Cattle; Hemorrhagic Septicemia; Pasteurella multocida; Serum; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Buffaloes; Pasteurella Infections
PubMed: 36503053
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106652 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020Estimating cetacean interactions with fishery activities is challenging. Bycatch and chronic entanglements are responsible for thousands of cetacean deaths per year...
Estimating cetacean interactions with fishery activities is challenging. Bycatch and chronic entanglements are responsible for thousands of cetacean deaths per year globally. This study represents the first systematic approach to the postmortem investigation of fishery interactions in stranded cetaceans in the Canary Islands. We retrospectively studied 586 cases necropsied between January 2000 and December 2018. Of the cases with a known cause of death, 7.4% (32/453) were due to fishery interactions, and the Atlantic spotted dolphin () was the most affected species [46.9% (15/32)]. Three types of fishery interactions were recognized by gross findings: bycatch [65.6% (21/32)], chronic entanglements [18.8% (6/32)], and fishermen aggression [15.6% (5/32)]. Among the bycaught cases, we differentiated the dolphins that died because of ingestion of longline hooks [23.8% (5/21)] from those that died because of fishing net entrapments [76.2% (16/21)], including dolphins that presumably died at depth due to peracute underwater entrapment (PUE) [37.5% (6/16)], dolphins that were hauled out alive and suffered additional trauma during handling [43.8% (7/16)], and those that were released alive but became stranded and died because of fishery interactions [18.7% (3/16)]. Gross and histologic findings of animals in each group were presented and compared. The histological approach confirmed gross lesions and excluded other possible causes of death. Cetaceans in good-fair body condition and shallow diving species were significantly more affected by fishery interactions, in agreement with the literature. Low rates of fishery interactions have been described, compared with other regions. However, within the last few years, sightings of entangled live whales, especially the minke whale () and Bryde's whale (), have increased. This study contributes to further improvement of the evaluation of different types of fishery interactions and may facilitate the enforcement of future conservation policies to preserve cetacean populations in the Canary Islands.
PubMed: 33195545
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.567258 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021is a highly prevalent cause of mastitis in dairy herds worldwide, capable of causing outcomes that vary from subclinical to peracute gangrenous mastitis. We performed a...
is a highly prevalent cause of mastitis in dairy herds worldwide, capable of causing outcomes that vary from subclinical to peracute gangrenous mastitis. We performed a comparative genomic analysis between 14 isolates of , originating from peracute bovine mastitis with very severe signs (9 gangrenous, 5 non-gangrenous) and six isolates originating from subclinical or clinical mastitis with mild to moderate signs, to find differences that could be associated with the clinical outcome of mastitis. Of the 296 virulence factors studied, 219 were detected in all isolates. No difference in the presence of virulence genes was detected between the peracute and control groups. None of the virulence factors were significantly associated with only a single study group. Most of the variation in virulence gene profiles existed between the clonal complexes. Our isolates belonged to five clonal complexes (CC97, CC133, CC151, CC479, and CC522), of which CC522 has previously been detected only in isolates originating from caprine and ovine mastitis, but not from bovine mastitis. For statistical analysis, we sorted the CCs into two groups. The group of CCs including CC133, CC479, and CC522 was associated with gangrenous mastitis, in contrast to the group of CCs including CC97 and CC151. The presence of virulence genes does not explain the clinical outcome of mastitis, but may be affected by allelic variation, and especially different regulation and thus expression in the virulence genes.
PubMed: 34305849
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.688819 -
Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii, I... Apr 2018the patients presenting with severe post-stroke in the acute period of this condition are characterized by the high risk of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC),... (Review)
Review
[Alternating pneumocompression - effective physiotherapeutic method for the prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in patients of medium and high risk in the acute period of the stroke].
BACKGROUND
the patients presenting with severe post-stroke in the acute period of this condition are characterized by the high risk of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC), with the most dangerous of them being pulmonary embolism that makes an appreciable contribution to the mortality rate of such patients at the hospital stage of their treatment. Among the physical methods for the prevention of VTE, such as wearing graduated compression stockings (GCS), myoelectrostimulation (MES), pneumatic intermittent compression (PIC), only the latter technique has been shown to be efficient when applied for the treatment of surgical patients during the post-stroke period with the level of evidence 2B and the very uncertain parameters of the impact.
AIM
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the advantages of the PIC in comparison with that of GCS and MES, substantiate the choice of the former method for the management of the high-risk post-stroke patients, and determine the impact parameters of PIC during the peracute and acute periods of the disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We conducted a series of analyses of the results of several controlled randomized studies and relevant reviews of the literature with a view to determining the feasibility and effectiveness of application of one or another approach and clarifying the parameters of the exposure to GCS, MES, and PIC for the prevention of VTEC.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of these studies gave evidence that the effectiveness of the GCS and MES is insufficient in contrast to that of PIC that was found to decrease the relative risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by 62% compared with placebo and by 47% in comparison with GCS. The low risk of DVT associated with the application of PIC was apparent from the low OR value of 0.45 and the absolute reduction in the risk of DVT by 3.6%. The analysis of the parameters being used made it possible to identify side effects and thereby allowed to formulate the optimal method for the application of PIC for the purpose of prevention of VTEC in the post-stroke patients during the peracute and acute periods of the disease.
CONCLUSION
Only PIC of all the currently available methods for the physical prevention of VTEC in the group of high risk post-stroke patients during the peracute and acute periods of this condition can be practiced in the reliable evidence-based manner. The most rational PIC modality consists of exerting the external pressure on the lower extremities within the first 12-24 hours after stroke with the use of the cuffs of the «lower leg» type (i.e. at a pressure of 40-50 mm Hg in the wave mode with memorization for the multi-sectional cuffs, daily in the continuous manner throughout the daytime till the patient is downgraded to the group at lower risk of VTEC or actually till the discharge from the hospital.
Topics: Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Assessment; Stockings, Compression; Stroke; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 29652041
DOI: 10.17116/kurort201895114-19 -
The American Journal of Pathology Apr 2019Glucocorticoid-induced secondary osteoporosis is the most predictable side effect of this anti-inflammatory. One of the main mechanisms by which glucocorticoids achieve...
Glucocorticoid-induced secondary osteoporosis is the most predictable side effect of this anti-inflammatory. One of the main mechanisms by which glucocorticoids achieve such deleterious outcome in bone is by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Sclerostin, encoded by Sost gene, is the main negative regulator of the proformative and antiresorptive role of the Wnt signaling pathway in the skeleton. It was hypothesized that the partial inactivation of sclerostin function by genetic manipulation will rescue the osteopenia induced by high endogenous glucocorticoid levels. Sost-deficient mice were crossed with an established mouse model of excess glucocorticoids, and the effects on bone mass and structure were evaluated. Sost haploinsufficiency did not rescue the low bone mass induced by high glucocorticoids. Intriguingly, the critical manifestation of Sost deficiency combined with glucocorticoid excess was sporadic, sudden, unprovoked, and nonconvulsive death. Detailed histopathologic analysis in a wide range of tissues identified peracute hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade to be the cause. These preclinical studies reveal outcomes with direct relevance to ongoing clinical trials that explore the use of antisclerostin antibodies as a treatment for osteoporosis. They particularly highlight a potential for increased cardiovascular risk and may inform improved stratification of patients who might otherwise benefit from antisclerostin antibody treatment.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cardiac Tamponade; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Genetic Markers; Glucocorticoids; Haploinsufficiency; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 30664862
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.007 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Mar 2024To describe the signalment, clinical findings, presumptive or definitive diagnosis, and outcome in cats with central cord syndrome (CCS).
OBJECTIVE
To describe the signalment, clinical findings, presumptive or definitive diagnosis, and outcome in cats with central cord syndrome (CCS).
ANIMALS
22 cats.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Cats evaluated for CCS at 7 referral hospitals between 2017 and 2021 were included. Information retrieved from medical records included signalment, physical and neurological examination findings, diagnostic investigations, definitive or presumptive diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
RESULTS
Median age at presentation was 9 years. Two neuroanatomical localizations were associated with CCS: C1-C5 spinal cord segments in 17 (77.3%) cats and C6-T2 spinal cord segments in 5 (22.7%) cats. Neuroanatomical localization did not correlate with lesion location on MRI in 8 (36.3%) cats. The most common lesion location within the vertebral column was over the C2 and C4 vertebral bodies in 6 (27.2%) and 5 (22.7%) cats, respectively. Peracute clinical signs were observed in 11 (50%) cats, acute in 1 (4.5%), subacute in 4 (18%), and chronic and progressive signs were seen in 6 (40.9%) cats. The most common peracute condition was ischemic myelopathy in 8 (36.3%) cats, whereas neoplasia was the most frequently identified chronic etiology occurring in 5 (22.7%) cats. Outcome was poor in 13 (59%) cats, consisting of 4 of 11 (36.6%) of the peracute cases, 3 of 4 (75%) of the subacute cases, and 6 of 6 of the chronic cases.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Central cord syndrome can occur in cats with lesions in the C1-C5 and C6-T2 spinal cord segments. Multiple etiologies can cause CCS, most commonly, ischemic myelopathy and neoplasia. Prognosis depends on the etiology and onset of clinical signs.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Central Cord Syndrome; Spinal Cord Ischemia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical Records; Retrospective Studies; Neoplasms; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 38056077
DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.08.0478 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Oct 2023Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is widely distributed in southern and central Europe. The zoonotic virus circulates primarily between birds and...
Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is widely distributed in southern and central Europe. The zoonotic virus circulates primarily between birds and mosquitoes, can, however, in rare cases infect other mammals including humans. In the past, USUV has been repeatedly associated with mass mortalities in birds, primarily blackbirds and owls. Birds commonly succumb either due to the peracute nature of the infection or due to severe encephalitis. In Germany, USUV has spread rapidly since its first detection in 2010 in mosquitoes under the presence of susceptible host and vector species. Nonetheless, there is to date limited access to whole genome sequences resulting in the absence of in-depth phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses. In this study, 118 wild and captive birds were sequenced using a nanopore sequencing platform with prior target enrichment via amplicons. Due to the high abundancy of Europe 3 and Africa 3 in Germany an ample quantity of associated whole genome sequences was generated and the most recent common ancestor could be determined for each lineage. The corresponding clock phylogeny revealed an introduction of USUV Europe 3 and Africa 3 into Germany three years prior to their first isolation in the avifauna in 2011 and 2014, respectively. Based on the clustering and temporal history of the lineages, evidence exists for the genetic evolution of USUV within Germany as well as new introductions thereof into the country.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Flavivirus Infections; Phylogeny; Mosquito Vectors; Flavivirus; Germany; Birds; Culicidae; Evolution, Molecular; Mammals
PubMed: 37782665
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011203