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Surgical Pathology Clinics Jun 2015Some laboratories or laboratory sections have unique needs that traditional anatomic and clinical pathology systems may not address. A specialized laboratory information... (Review)
Review
Some laboratories or laboratory sections have unique needs that traditional anatomic and clinical pathology systems may not address. A specialized laboratory information system (LIS), which is designed to perform a limited number of functions, may perform well in areas where a traditional LIS falls short. Opportunities for specialized LISs continue to evolve with the introduction of new testing methodologies. These systems may take many forms, including stand-alone architecture, a module integrated with an existing LIS, a separate vendor-supplied module, and customized software. This article addresses the concepts underlying specialized LISs, their characteristics, and in what settings they are found.
Topics: Clinical Laboratory Information Systems; Humans; Pathology, Clinical; Pathology, Surgical; Software
PubMed: 26065789
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2015.02.003 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Aug 2019Fatal dermatologic diseases and ones with high morbidity can occur in the inpatient setting. In such cases, prompt and accurate assessment of a bedside skin biopsy is... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT.—
Fatal dermatologic diseases and ones with high morbidity can occur in the inpatient setting. In such cases, prompt and accurate assessment of a bedside skin biopsy is required. This may be challenging for many pathologists who are not familiar with the complexity of skin pathology and skin terminology within the fields of dermatopathology and dermatology.
OBJECTIVE.—
To provide the pathologist with a practical, up-to-date, and "must-know" reference guide on dermatologic urgencies and emergencies from a real-world perspective, highlighting diagnostic pearls, diagnostic pitfalls, and commonly encountered practice gaps. This review will focus on key diseases with which every pathologist should be familiar, including angioinvasive fungal infections, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, staph-scalded-skin syndrome, acute graft-versus-host disease, bullous pemphigoid, calciphylaxis, Sweet syndrome and its histiocytoid variant, pyoderma gangrenosum, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, as well as those in their clinical and histopathologic differential.
DATA SOURCES.—
This review is based on peer-reviewed literature and our personal experiences with these diseases at major academic institutions, including one where a large number of stem cell transplants are performed. This review is unique as it represents collaborative expert opinion from both a dermatopathology and a dermatology standpoint.
CONCLUSIONS.—
This review outlines the critical role that the pathologist plays in the outcomes of patients with dermatologic urgencies and emergencies. Improved patient care will result from prompt and accurate histopathologic diagnoses as well as an open line of communication with the dermatologist.
Topics: Acute Disease; Biopsy; Dermatology; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Pathologists; Pathology, Clinical; Skin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 30785787
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0239-RA -
Virchows Archiv : An International... Jan 2016The aim of accreditation of a pathology laboratory is to control and optimize, in a permanent manner, good professional practice in clinical and molecular pathology, as... (Review)
Review
The aim of accreditation of a pathology laboratory is to control and optimize, in a permanent manner, good professional practice in clinical and molecular pathology, as defined by internationally established standards. Accreditation of a pathology laboratory is a key element in fine in increasing recognition of the quality of the analyses performed by a laboratory and in improving the care it provides to patients. One of the accreditation standards applied to clinical chemistry and pathology laboratories in the European Union is the ISO 15189 norm. Continued functioning of a pathology laboratory might in time be determined by whether or not it has succeeded the accreditation process. Necessary requirements for accreditation, according to the ISO 15189 norm, include an operational quality management system and continuous control of the methods used for diagnostic purposes. Given these goals, one would expect that all pathologists would agree on the positive effects of accreditation. Yet, some of the requirements stipulated in the accreditation standards, coming from the bodies that accredit pathology laboratories, and certain normative issues are perceived as arduous and sometimes not adapted to or even useless in daily pathology practice. The aim of this review is to elaborate why it is necessary to obtain accreditation but also why certain requirements for accreditation might be experienced as inappropriate.
Topics: Accreditation; European Union; Humans; Laboratories; Pathology, Clinical; Pathology, Molecular
PubMed: 26334197
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1837-1 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Apr 2019The interpretation of muscle biopsies is complex and provides the most useful information when integrated with the clinical presentation of the patient. These biopsies... (Review)
Review
The interpretation of muscle biopsies is complex and provides the most useful information when integrated with the clinical presentation of the patient. These biopsies are performed for workup of a wide range of diseases including dystrophies, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory processes. Recent insights have led to changes in the classification of inflammatory myopathies and have changed the role that muscle biopsies have in the workup of inherited diseases. These changes will be reviewed. This review follows a morphology-driven approach by discussing diseases of skeletal muscle based on a few basic patterns that include cases with (1) active myopathic damage and inflammation, (2) active myopathic damage without associated inflammation, (3) chronic myopathic changes, (4) myopathies with distinctive inclusions or vacuoles, (5) biopsies mainly showing atrophic changes, and (6) biopsies that appear normal on routine preparations. Each of these categories goes along with certain diagnostic considerations and pitfalls. Individual biopsy features are only rarely pathognomonic. Establishing a firm diagnosis therefore typically requires integration of all of the biopsy findings and relevant clinical information. With this approach, a muscle biopsy can often provide helpful information in the diagnostic workup of patients presenting with neuromuscular problems.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Pathology, Clinical
PubMed: 30401945
DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0164-x -
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine Jul 2023The time since death is an important aspect of forensic medicine; however, there is not an accurate single method to determine this data. Therefore, this research aimed...
The time since death is an important aspect of forensic medicine; however, there is not an accurate single method to determine this data. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate parameters and procedures based on the morphological analysis of cells and tissues to determine the time since death, using animal models. Pigs were chosen in this research because of their similarities with human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. We identified the cells and tissue alterations in the viscera of pig cadavers according to the time since death, also describing the changes in the temperature of the organs and the bodies. The environmental temperature during the sample collection was also registered. The viscera analysis was performed for 24 h, with a 2-h variation period. After the sample collection, microscope slides were prepared for optical microscopy analysis. Through this 24-h analysis, we observed that the pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine presented more cellular alterations than the other organs. The alterations observed in the other viscera have significance when analyzed in combination. The meninges presented higher stability and few changes in 24 h, which could be relevant in an investigation of the time since death in a period greater than 24 h. Our results showed that histological evaluation is an excellent method to determine the time since death.
Topics: Swine; Models, Animal; Death; Time Factors; Forensic Pathology; Postmortem Changes; Viscera; Microscopy; Specimen Handling; Animals
PubMed: 37393848
DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102554 -
Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of... Oct 2016Routine laboratory tests are the most frequently performed among clinical laboratory tests, and they can provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of...
Routine laboratory tests are the most frequently performed among clinical laboratory tests, and they can provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. They are more useful when sev- eral data are combined to interpret the pathophysiological state of a patient. Changes of routine laboratory data are important even when they are within their reference ranges, and they sometimes show a more de- tailed condition of the patient. In this RCPC, we-focused on changes of albumin and electrolytes, bacterial infections, and anemia. [Review].
Topics: Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Congresses as Topic; Pathology, Clinical
PubMed: 30609479
DOI: No ID Found -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2024This review which aims to examine the recent and current status of pathology education in medical schools, and covers the publications related to undergraduate pathology... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review which aims to examine the recent and current status of pathology education in medical schools, and covers the publications related to undergraduate pathology education published between 2010 January and June 2023.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A search was performed through PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Ulakbim search engines for the Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded, Emerging Sources Citation Index, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scopus, PubMed as well as TR Dizin indexed articles. The findings are categorized into two periods as 2010 January - 2020 April (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and May 2020 - 2023 June. A total of 24 reviews/editorials/letters to the editor and 63 research articles in the pre-pandemic period and 11 reviews/ editorials/ letters to the editor and 35 research articles between 2020 May and 2023 June are included in the analysis.
RESULTS
Currently, medical education generally depends on core education programs with defined learning objectives and outcomes. Moreover, problem-based, case-based, and team-based interactive learning are being used along with traditional didactic courses. Additionally, digital/ web-based/remote education methods have gained prominence after the COVID-19 pandemic. The virtual or augmented reality and 3D drawing applications are offered as a solution for the autopsy and macroscopy courses. A scarce number of publications are found on measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of learning.
CONCLUSION
Artificial intelligence in pathology education is a topic that looks likely to become important in the near future. National and international comprehensive standardization is a necessity. A joint effort and collective intelligence are needed to achieve the desired goals in undergraduate pathology education.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Pathology; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Infections; Pneumonia, Viral; Curriculum; Betacoronavirus
PubMed: 38265100
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.13048 -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Sep 2014The role of forensic histopathology in routine practice is to establish the cause of death in particular cases. This is achieved on the basis of microscopic analysis of... (Review)
Review
The role of forensic histopathology in routine practice is to establish the cause of death in particular cases. This is achieved on the basis of microscopic analysis of representative cell and tissue samples taken from the major internal organs and from abnormal findings made at autopsy. A prerequisite of this is adherence to the quality standards set out for conventional histological/cytological staining and enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The interpretation of histological findings is performed by taking into account macroscopic autopsy findings and information on previous history. Histological analysis may prompt postmortem biochemical and chemical-toxicological investigations. The results of histological analysis need to be classified by experts in the context of the available information and the need to withstand the scrutiny of other experts.
Topics: Adult; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Crime; Female; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Specimen Handling; Staining and Labeling; Young Adult
PubMed: 24577850
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-014-9536-9 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jan 2018- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung disease that develops in susceptible individuals after inhalational exposure to an organic antigen or chemical compound.... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung disease that develops in susceptible individuals after inhalational exposure to an organic antigen or chemical compound. Pathogenesis is attributed to a combination of type III (immune complex-mediated) and type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions to the inciting agent.
OBJECTIVE
- To provide an overview of the current status of the medical literature regarding hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
DATA SOURCES
- A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google search engines. The terms "hypersensitivity pneumonitis" and "extrinsic allergic alveolitis" were used, with the search starting on January 9, 2017, and concluding March 8, 2017.
CONCLUSIONS
- As a pathologist, it is important to consider hypersensitivity pneumonitis when examining lung specimens because it is often clinically and pathologically overlooked. Recognizing the often subtle findings and correlating them with the patient's history or suggesting a thorough clinical investigation of potential exposures can be of help in identifying the underlying condition so that the patient can be appropriately managed.
Topics: Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lung; Pathology, Clinical; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 28613913
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0138-SA -
Veterinary Pathology Sep 2017Using light microscopy to describe the microarchitecture of normal and diseased tissues has changed very little since the middle of the 19th century. While the premise... (Review)
Review
Using light microscopy to describe the microarchitecture of normal and diseased tissues has changed very little since the middle of the 19th century. While the premise of histologic analysis remains intact, our relationship with the microscope is changing dramatically. Digital pathology offers new forms of visualization, and delivery of images is facilitated in unprecedented ways. This new technology can untether us entirely from our light microscopes, with many pathologists already performing their jobs using virtual microscopy. Several veterinary colleges have integrated virtual microscopy in their curriculum, and some diagnostic histopathology labs are switching to virtual microscopy as their main tool for the assessment of histologic specimens. Considering recent technical advancements of slide scanner and viewing software, digital pathology should now be considered a serious alternative to traditional light microscopy. This review therefore intends to give an overview of the current digital pathology technologies and their potential in all fields of veterinary pathology (ie, research, diagnostic service, and education). A future integration of digital pathology in the veterinary pathologist's workflow seems to be inevitable, and therefore it is proposed that trainees should be taught in digital pathology to keep up with the unavoidable digitization of the profession.
Topics: Animals; Computer Communication Networks; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Microscopy; Pathologists; Pathology, Veterinary; Software; Telepathology; User-Computer Interface; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 28578626
DOI: 10.1177/0300985817709888