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Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 2022Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC) is a relatively uncommon tumor in the dog and comprises approximately 17% of perianal malignancies; however, it is one of... (Review)
Review
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC) is a relatively uncommon tumor in the dog and comprises approximately 17% of perianal malignancies; however, it is one of the most common causes of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Clinical signs in affected dogs most commonly are associated with mechanical obstruction caused by the primary tumor or enlarged regional metastatic lymph nodes and the effects of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia when present. Surgical excision of the primary tumor and metastasectomy of affected locoregional lymph nodes is the preferred initial treatment option for most dogs, although radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy are commonly incorporated into multi-modality treatment plans. A significant role for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy has not been clearly demonstrated. Prolonged survival times are possible, especially for dogs with smaller primary tumors and for dogs that undergo further treatments for recurrent disease. In this article, we review the clinical signs, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis of AGASAC in the dog.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anal Gland Neoplasms; Anal Sacs; Animals; Apocrine Glands; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hypercalcemia
PubMed: 35792243
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100682 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2019Canine perianal fistulas are painful sinus tracts and ulcers that spontaneously develop in the skin around the anus. Middle-aged German shepherd dogs are most commonly... (Review)
Review
Canine perianal fistulas are painful sinus tracts and ulcers that spontaneously develop in the skin around the anus. Middle-aged German shepherd dogs are most commonly affected and may have a genetic susceptibility. Although the disease was once believed related to conformational factors and primarily managed surgically, an immune-mediated pathogenesis is now recognized. Long-term medical management with immunomodulatory agents has become standard of care for canine perianal fistulas. Perianal fistulas can be debilitating and have a negative impact on quality of life of dogs and owners. Accurate diagnosis and aggressive medical therapy are key to successful management of canine perianal fistulas.
Topics: Animals; Anus Diseases; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fistula; Perianal Glands; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 30213533
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.08.006 -
Diseases of the Colon and Rectum Nov 2019A 66-year-old obese (BMI 34) diabetic man, a former smoker who had quit 4 months ago, had a 20-year history of perianal, inguinal, and gluteal hidradenitis suppurativa.... (Review)
Review
A 66-year-old obese (BMI 34) diabetic man, a former smoker who had quit 4 months ago, had a 20-year history of perianal, inguinal, and gluteal hidradenitis suppurativa. He presented to the office with persistent perianal and gluteal inflammation and drainage. He had had various surgical excisions of the affected area over the preceding 10 years. The patient was also following up with dermatology and was previously on doxycycline and infliximab with little improvement in his symptoms. On physical examination of his gluteal and perianal region, he had multiple areas of scarring and draining sinus tracts with significant induration ( and ). The patient underwent extensive unroofing of the sinus tracts and excision of active disease ().(Figure is included in full-text article.)(Figure is included in full-text article.)(Figure is included in full-text article.).
Topics: Aged; Anal Canal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apocrine Glands; Body Mass Index; Buttocks; Conservative Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Male; Obesity; Patient Care Management; Patient Selection; Surgical Procedures, Operative
PubMed: 31596759
DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001497 -
The British Journal of Surgery Sep 2022Perianal abscess is common. Traditionally, postoperative perianal abscess cavities are managed with internal wound packing, a practice not supported by evidence. The aim... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Perianal abscess is common. Traditionally, postoperative perianal abscess cavities are managed with internal wound packing, a practice not supported by evidence. The aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to assess if non-packing is less painful and if it is associated with adverse outcomes.
METHODS
The Postoperative Packing of Perianal Abscess Cavities (PPAC2) trial was a multicentre, RCT (two-group parallel design) of adult participants admitted to an NHS hospital for incision and drainage of a primary perianal abscess. Participants were randomized 1:1 (via an online system) to receive continued postoperative wound packing or non-packing. Blinded data were collected via symptom diaries, telephone, and clinics over 6 months. The objective was to determine whether non-packing of perianal abscess cavities is less painful than packing, without an increase in perianal fistula or abscess recurrence. The primary outcome was pain (mean maximum pain score on a 100-point visual analogue scale).
RESULTS
Between February 2018 and March 2020, 433 participants (mean age 42 years) were randomized across 50 sites. Two hundred and thirteen participants allocated to packing reported higher pain scores than 220 allocated to non-packing (38.2 versus 28.2, mean difference 9.9; P < 0.0001). The occurrence of fistula-in-ano was low in both groups: 32/213 (15 per cent) in the packing group and 24/220 (11 per cent) in the non-packing group (OR 0.69, 95 per cent c.i. 0.39 to 1.22; P = 0.20). The proportion of patients with abscess recurrence was also low: 13/223 (6 per cent) in the non-packing group and 7/213 (3 per cent) in the packing group (OR 1.85, 95 per cent c.i. 0.72 to 4.73; P = 0.20).
CONCLUSION
Avoiding abscess cavity packing is less painful without a negative morbidity risk.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
ISRCTN93273484 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN93273484).
REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT03315169 (http://clinicaltrials.gov).
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Anus Diseases; Bandages; Drainage; Humans; Pain; Rectal Fistula; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35929816
DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac225 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Sep 2016The first description of perianal fistulas and complications in Crohn disease was made 75 years ago by Penner and Crohn. Published studies have subsequently confirmed... (Review)
Review
The first description of perianal fistulas and complications in Crohn disease was made 75 years ago by Penner and Crohn. Published studies have subsequently confirmed that perianal fistulas are the most common manifestations of fistulising Crohn disease. Hidradenitis suppurativa was described in 1854 by a French surgeon, Aristide Verneuil. It is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent and debilitating disease of the pilosebaceous follicle, that usually manifests after puberty with deep, painful and inflamed lesions in the areas of the body with apocrine glands, usually the axillary, inguinal and anogenital regions. The differential diagnosis between hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease can be challenging, especially when the disease is primarily perianal. When they occur simultaneously, hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease show severe phenotypes and patients can respond to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy, although adalimumab is currently the only treatment with demonstrated efficacy in hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease. In addition, there is sometimes a need for different complementary surgical procedures.
Topics: Adalimumab; Anus Diseases; Biological Factors; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Cutaneous Fistula; Diagnosis, Differential; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Intestinal Fistula; Organ Specificity; Phenotype; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 28081767
DOI: 10.1016/S0001-7310(17)30006-6