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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Canine mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor that mostly affects body cavities, such as the pericardial and pleural cavities. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in the...
INTRODUCTION
Canine mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor that mostly affects body cavities, such as the pericardial and pleural cavities. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of canine mesotheliomas. We aimed to compare the antitumor effects of single-agent and combination chemotherapeutic agents on patient-derived primary cultures of canine pericardial mesothelioma established in this study. We planned to generate xenograft models for future studies.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Effusion samples were collected from three dogs with histologically diagnosed pericardial mesothelioma and used for primary culture. Cultured cells were characterized by immunostaining for pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, Wilms' tumor suppressor gene 1 (WT1), and cytokeratin 5 (CK5). To assess the tumorigenic properties of cells in the effusion and generate a xenograft model, the cell suspension was injected into a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse either subcutaneously (SC) or intraperitoneally (IP). Lastly, chemosensitivity of established primary cultures against four drugs, doxorubicin, vinorelbine, carboplatin, and gemcitabine, by single-agent treatment as well as combination treatment of carboplatin at a fixed concentration, either 10 or 100 μM, and gemcitabine at different concentrations ranging from 0-1000 μM was assessed by cell viability assay.
RESULTS
Primary cultures were successfully generated and characterized by dual positivity for AE1/AE3 and vimentin and positive staining for WT-1 and CK5, confirming the mesothelial origin of the cells. In the xenograft models, SC mouse developed a subcutaneous mass, whereas IP mouse developed multiple intraperitoneal nodules. The masses were histopathologically consistent with mesotheliomas. The chemosensitivity assay revealed that carboplatin had the highest anti-tumor effects among the four tested single-agent treatments. Furthermore, carboplatin at 100 μM combined with gemcitabine at clinically relevant doses demonstrated the augmented anti-tumor effects compared to single-agent treatment.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Primary cultures and xenograft models generated in this study could be useful tools for and studies of canine mesothelioma. Carboplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent against canine mesothelioma when used as a sole agent and in combination with gemcitabine.
PubMed: 38026668
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1267359 -
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine Dec 2019: The surgical arm of the Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery (MARS) trial involved a multimodal approach, with combined therapy consisting of chemotherapy, complete gross... (Review)
Review
: The surgical arm of the Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery (MARS) trial involved a multimodal approach, with combined therapy consisting of chemotherapy, complete gross resection, and radiation therapy. However, the MARS trial did not compare surgery with chemotherapy, and the survival and quality of life outcomes of this trial's surgical arm were inferior to those of the non-surgical arm. Methods for achieving complete gross resection (macroscopic complete response [MCR]) include extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), wherein the pleura, lung, diaphragm, and pericardium are removed en bloc, and pleurectomy/decortication (P/D), wherein the affected lung is preserved. Nonetheless, the most effective therapy remains unclear.: Here, surgery post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma with either EPP or P/D has been discussed, along with trimodal and bimodal therapies.: With the development of post-P/D radiation therapy, it is currently possible to truly compare EPP with P/D. Moreover, R0 resection cannot be achieved with either EPP or P/D; thus, both must incorporate debulking, although the two procedures are largely incompatible. Therefore, there is a need to rebuild the status of surgery as a multimodal therapy.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Mesothelioma; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Pleural Neoplasms; Pneumonectomy; Quality of Life; Thoracic Surgical Procedures; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31596628
DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1679119 -
Cancers Dec 2023Mesothelioma comprises a group of rare cancers arising from the mesothelium of the pleura, peritoneum, tunica vaginalis testis and pericardium. Mesothelioma is generally... (Review)
Review
Mesothelioma comprises a group of rare cancers arising from the mesothelium of the pleura, peritoneum, tunica vaginalis testis and pericardium. Mesothelioma is generally associated with asbestos exposure and has a dismal prognosis, with few therapeutic options. Several next generation sequencing (NGS) experiments have been performed on mesothelioma arising at different sites. These studies highlight a genomic landscape mainly characterized by a high prevalence (>20%) of genomic aberrations leading to functional losses in oncosuppressor genes such as BAP1, CDKN2A, NF2, SETD2 and TP53. Nevertheless, to date, evidence of the effect of targeting these alterations with specific drugs is lacking. Conversely, 1-2% of mesothelioma might harbor activating mutations in oncogenes with specifically approved drugs. The goal of this review is to summarize NGS applications in mesothelioma and to provide insights into target therapy of mesothelioma guided by NGS.
PubMed: 38136262
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245716 -
Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic... Feb 2022Localized malignant mesothelioma is rare. It has a histological pattern identical to diffuse malignant mesothelioma but without diffuse serosal spread. Localized...
Localized malignant mesothelioma is rare. It has a histological pattern identical to diffuse malignant mesothelioma but without diffuse serosal spread. Localized malignant mesothelioma typically originates from the pleura, peritoneum or pericardium, but can occasionally develop from organs. Our cases represent what might be the largest mediastinal localized malignant mesothelioma described and the first presentation of the epithelioid type in the stomach of an adult.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mediastinum; Mesothelioma; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Pleura; Pleural Neoplasms; Stomach
PubMed: 34586396
DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab276 -
Journal of Cytology 2022Mesotheliomas are neoplasms of the serosal lining of the body cavities. Diagnosis requires a multimodal approach of clinical findings, cytology, and histopathology with...
BACKGROUND
Mesotheliomas are neoplasms of the serosal lining of the body cavities. Diagnosis requires a multimodal approach of clinical findings, cytology, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry (IHC). The published sensitivity of cytology for diagnosing mesothelioma ranges from 30% to 75%.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to calculate the incidence of malignant mesothelioma (MM) at our institute and to study the cytological features of MM.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective study of pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids submitted at our institute was done. The duration of the study was 8 years (2011-2019). Apart from examining Giemsa smears, a panel of immunocytochemical (ICC) and cell block immunohistochemical (IHC) markers was applied to achieve the diagnosis. These included calretinin, mesothelin, CK5/6, Hector Battifora mesothelial cell antibody (HBME), WT1, MOC31, CK7 and CK20. Histopathological correlation was done wherever possible.
RESULT
In the present study, we compiled four cases of MM over 8 years diagnosed on serous effusion cytology and confirmed by immunocytochemistry (ICC)/cell block immunohistochemistry (IHC)/biopsy. This indicates a rare incidence of MM. The Cytological features of MM were studied.
CONCLUSION
The diagnosis of MM is difficult, especially cytologically. It was found to be a rare entity in the malignant cases diagnosed on effusion cytology.
PubMed: 36277806
DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_145_21 -
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Apr 2023Benign cystic mesotheliomas (BCMs), also known as multilocular mesothelial inclusion cysts, inflammatory inclusion cysts or multicystic mesothelial proliferation, are...
BACKGROUND
Benign cystic mesotheliomas (BCMs), also known as multilocular mesothelial inclusion cysts, inflammatory inclusion cysts or multicystic mesothelial proliferation, are frequently observed in females and are localised localised in the pelvic peritoneum. They are rarely present in the thoracic and mediastinal areas; however, these locations have been reported in a few cases in the literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present the case of a woman with an intrathoracic BCM. A 28-year-old female patient presented with a cystic mass of 8 × 6 × 6 cm in the left hemithorax shown by computed tomography of the thorax. The patient underwent cystic mass excision with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), which was completed without complications. The diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically after the surgical resection.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to BCMs' non-specific clinical symptoms and radiological imaging, preoperative diagnosis is difficult, and they are often confused with pericardial cysts. There is no standard treatment protocol; however, VATS and en bloc resection are the most frequently used treatment options for mediastinal localization. Since these lesions slow proliferation rates have the potential for local recurrence and low malignant transformation, close follow-up is recommended. In this case report, we aimed to present a rare BCM case with intrathoracic paracardiac localization was completely excised through VATS. No recurrence has been detected in three years of follow-up.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Mesothelioma, Cystic; Mediastinal Cyst; Peritoneum; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Peritoneal Neoplasms
PubMed: 34304700
DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2021.1959781 -
Nature Communications Mar 2022The mesothelium lines body cavities and surrounds internal organs, widely contributing to homeostasis and regeneration. Mesothelium disruptions cause visceral anomalies...
The mesothelium lines body cavities and surrounds internal organs, widely contributing to homeostasis and regeneration. Mesothelium disruptions cause visceral anomalies and mesothelioma tumors. Nonetheless, the embryonic emergence of mesothelia remains incompletely understood. Here, we track mesothelial origins in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) using zebrafish. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers a post-gastrulation gene expression signature centered on hand2 in distinct LPM progenitor cells. We map mesothelial progenitors to lateral-most, hand2-expressing LPM and confirm conservation in mouse. Time-lapse imaging of zebrafish hand2 reporter embryos captures mesothelium formation including pericardium, visceral, and parietal peritoneum. We find primordial germ cells migrate with the forming mesothelium as ventral migration boundary. Functionally, hand2 loss disrupts mesothelium formation with reduced progenitor cells and perturbed migration. In mouse and human mesothelioma, we document expression of LPM-associated transcription factors including Hand2, suggesting re-initiation of a developmental program. Our data connects mesothelium development to Hand2, expanding our understanding of mesothelial pathologies.
Topics: Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Epithelium; Mesothelioma; Mice; Transcription Factors; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins
PubMed: 35354817
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29311-7 -
Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) Nov 2020
Topics: Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Pericardium
PubMed: 33047830
DOI: 10.1111/echo.14888 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Jul 2018Pericardial effusion (PE) is a common finding in patients who have chronic cardiac failure, who had undergone cardiac surgery, or who have certain other benign and...
BACKGROUND
Pericardial effusion (PE) is a common finding in patients who have chronic cardiac failure, who had undergone cardiac surgery, or who have certain other benign and malignant diseases. Pericardial drainage procedures are often requested for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The perceived benefit is that it allows for diagnosis of malignancy or infection for patients with PEs of unclear etiology. The purpose of the study is to determine the diagnostic yield of surgical drainage procedures.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent surgical drainage procedures of PEs from July 1st, 2011 to January 1st, 2017 at a single institution. The variables included data on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative findings; morbidity; and survival.
RESULTS
A total of 145 patients with an average age of 61 ± 5 and primarily men (53%) were evaluated. All of the surgical drainage procedures were performed through the sub-xiphoid approach. Twenty-five of the 145 patients (17.2%) had diagnostic findings in either the pericardial tissue or fluid. The cytology alone was diagnostic in 4.8% (N = 7) of patients with mixed findings including adenocarcinoma of the lung and breast. The pathology was diagnostic for cancer in 1.4% (N = 2) of patients with Melanoma and Lung cancer identified. The cytology and pathology were concordant in 4.0% (N = 6) identifying cancers that included mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. Infection was identified in the pericardial fluid in 6.9% (N = 10) of the patients.
CONCLUSION
Surgical pericardial drainage procedures allow for removal of PE that may lead to tamponade physiology and potential mortality. Although there is therapeutic benefit from these procedures there is only a small diagnostic benefit.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pericardial Effusion; Pericardial Window Techniques; Pericardium; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30021617
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-018-0774-x -
Scandinavian Journal of Work,... Nov 2020Objectives The purposes of this study are to describe the epidemiology of pericardial and tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma and assess the role of asbestos exposure...
Objectives The purposes of this study are to describe the epidemiology of pericardial and tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma and assess the role of asbestos exposure for these rare diseases. Methods Based on incident pericardial and tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma cases collected from the Italian national mesothelioma registry (ReNaM) in the period 1993-2015, incidence rates, survival median period and prognostic factors have been evaluated. A case-control study has been performed to analyze the association with asbestos exposure (occupational and non-occupational) for these diseases. Results Between 1993 and 2015, 58 pericardial (20 women and 38 men) and 80 tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma cases have been registered with a mean annual standardized (world standard population as reference) incidence rates of 0.049 (per million) in men and 0.023 in women for the pericardial site, and 0.095 for tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma. Occupational exposure to asbestos was significantly associated with the risk of the diseases [odds ratio (OR) 3.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85-7.31 and OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.93-6.04 in pericardial and tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma, respectively]. The median survival was 2.5 months for pericardial and 33.0 months for tunica vaginalis testis mesotheliomas. Age was the main predictive factor for survival for both anatomical sites. Conclusions For the first time in an analytical study, asbestos exposure was associated with pericardial and tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma risk, supporting the causal role of asbestos for all anatomical sites. The extreme rarity of the diseases, the poor survival and the prognostic role of age have been confirmed based on population and nationwide mesothelioma registry data.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asbestos; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Italy; Male; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Pericardium; Registries; Testicular Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 32253443
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3895