-
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Jun 2022In the oncologic setting, misinterpretation of fluid in pericardial recesses as mediastinal adenopathy or benign pericardial findings as malignant can lead to inaccurate...
In the oncologic setting, misinterpretation of fluid in pericardial recesses as mediastinal adenopathy or benign pericardial findings as malignant can lead to inaccurate staging and inappropriate management. Knowledge of normal pericardial anatomy, imaging features to differentiate fluid in pericardial sinuses and recesses from mediastinal adenopathy and potential pitfalls in imaging of the pericardium on CT and PET/CT is important to avoid misinterpretation.
Topics: Heart Diseases; Humans; Lymphadenopathy; Mediastinal Diseases; Pericardium; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35688531
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2022.01.001 -
Cell Reports Jun 2020Epicardial cells are cardiac progenitors that give rise to the majority of cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes during development. An...
Epicardial cells are cardiac progenitors that give rise to the majority of cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes during development. An integral phase of epicardial fate transition is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that confers motility. We uncover an essential role for the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in epicardial invasion and differentiation. Using scRNA-seq, we show that epicardial-specific deletion of Prmt1 reduced matrix and ribosomal gene expression in epicardial-derived cell lineages. PRMT1 regulates splicing of Mdm4, which is a key controller of p53 stability. Loss of PRMT1 leads to accumulation of p53 that enhances Slug degradation and blocks EMT. During heart development, the PRMT1-p53 pathway is required for epicardial invasion and formation of epicardial-derived lineages: cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. Consequently, this pathway modulates ventricular morphogenesis and coronary vessel formation. Altogether, our study reveals molecular mechanisms involving the PRMT1-p53 pathway and establish its roles in heart development.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Heart; Mice; Myocardium; Pericardium; Pregnancy; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; Signal Transduction; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 32521264
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107739 -
European Journal of Heart Failure Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Heart Diseases; Adipose Tissue; Pericardium
PubMed: 37858312
DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3063 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jun 2021The primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are a family of highly malignant tumors with a multidirectional differential potential. The tumors are characterized by... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are a family of highly malignant tumors with a multidirectional differential potential. The tumors are characterized by aggressive small round tumor cells that originate from the spinal cord of the central and sympathetic nervous systems. Cases involving the pericardium are extremely rare. Herein, we present a case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) that originated in the pericardium.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 23-year-old woman presented with cough and progressive dyspnea for 1 month, followed by eyelid and facial edema for 10 days, without any apparent cause. Significantly elevated tumor markers were detected in her blood. A cardiac ultrasound revealed a 74 mm × 61 mm spherical mass that was attached to the left pericardium, as well as massive pericardial effusion. Positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) showed focal hypermetabolism in the left pericardium. Via histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the spherical mass was identified as PNETS. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of surgical resection via thoracotomy and postoperative chemotherapy, and she was disease-free for 7 years at follow-up. Unfortunately, at 7 years after the treatment, the patient's pPNET recurred. Positron emission tomography-MRI (PET-MRI) and 64-slice coronary CTA revealed that the aorta and multiple coronary arteries were involved. Subsequently, the patient refused a heart transplant and voluntarily left the hospital.
CONCLUSIONS
This paper reports on a rare and recurrent case of PNET in the parietal pericardium. With respect to the different biologic characteristics and prognoses of pPNETs (compared to other known pericardium tumors), it is essential to consider this entity as a differential diagnosis in pericardium tumors.
Topics: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Female; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral; Pericardium; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 34134636
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02113-3 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Mar 2020Left atrial appendage closure is an increasingly used means of achieving thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients with contraindications to... (Review)
Review
Left atrial appendage closure is an increasingly used means of achieving thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients with contraindications to anticoagulation. Left atrial appendage anatomy is highly variable, and preprocedural imaging is critical to choosing the correct device and approach for left atrial appendage closure. This article reviews the common endocardial and epicardial closure systems, including anatomic considerations, advantages and disadvantages, as well as complications to be avoided.
Topics: Atrial Appendage; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Imaging Techniques; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Endocardium; Humans; Pericardium; Therapeutic Occlusion
PubMed: 32067646
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2019.11.001 -
Current Cardiology Reports May 2016Transient constrictive pericarditis is increasingly recognized as a distinct sub-type of constrictive pericarditis. The underlying pathophysiology typically relates to... (Review)
Review
Transient constrictive pericarditis is increasingly recognized as a distinct sub-type of constrictive pericarditis. The underlying pathophysiology typically relates to impaired pericardial distensibility, associated with acute or sub-acute inflammation, rather than the fibrosis or calcification often seen in chronic pericardial constriction. Accordingly, patients may present clinically with concomitant features of pericarditis and constrictive physiology. Non-invasive multimodality imaging is advocated for diagnosis of transient constrictive pericarditis. Echocardiography remains the mainstay for initial evaluation of the dynamic features of constriction. However, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can provide complimentary functional information, with the addition of dedicated sequences to assess for active pericardial edema and inflammation. Although transient pericardial constriction can spontaneously resolve, institution of anti-inflammatory therapy may hasten resolution or even prevent progression to chronic pericardial constriction. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents remain the initial treatment of choice, with subsequent consideration of colchicine, steroids, and other immune-modulating agents in more refractory cases.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Calcinosis; Echocardiography; Humans; Immunity; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Pericardium
PubMed: 26995404
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-016-0720-2 -
The Canadian Journal of Cardiology Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Pericarditis; Pericardium
PubMed: 37343717
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.06.012 -
Recent insights on the role and regulation of retinoic acid signaling during epicardial development.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) Jul 2019The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, carries out essential and conserved roles in vertebrate heart development. Retinoic acid signals via retinoic acid receptors... (Review)
Review
The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, carries out essential and conserved roles in vertebrate heart development. Retinoic acid signals via retinoic acid receptors (RAR)/retinoid X receptors (RXRs) heterodimers to induce the expression of genes that control cell fate specification, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in retinoic acid levels are often associated with congenital heart defects. Therefore, embryonic levels of retinoic acid need to be carefully regulated through the activity of enzymes, binding proteins and transporters involved in vitamin A metabolism. Here, we review evidence of the complex mechanisms that control the fetal uptake and synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A precursors. Next, we highlight recent evidence of the role of retinoic acid in orchestrating myocardial compact zone growth and coronary vascular development.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; Pericardium; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Signal Transduction; Tretinoin
PubMed: 31066193
DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23303 -
F1000Research 2018Embryonic heart progenitors arise at specific spatiotemporal periods that contribute to the formation of distinct cardiac structures. In mammals, the embryonic and fetal... (Review)
Review
Embryonic heart progenitors arise at specific spatiotemporal periods that contribute to the formation of distinct cardiac structures. In mammals, the embryonic and fetal heart is hypoxic by comparison to the adult heart. In parallel, the cellular metabolism of the cardiac tissue, including progenitors, undergoes a glycolytic to oxidative switch that contributes to cardiac maturation. While oxidative metabolism is energy efficient, the glycolytic-hypoxic state may serve to maintain cardiac progenitor potential. Consistent with this proposal, the adult epicardium has been shown to contain a reservoir of quiescent cardiac progenitors that are activated in response to heart injury and are hypoxic by comparison to adjacent cardiac tissues. In this review, we discuss the development and potential of the adult epicardium and how this knowledge may provide future therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair.
Topics: Adult; Glycolysis; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypoxia; Myocardium; Pericardium; Stem Cells; Therapeutics
PubMed: 30450195
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15609.1 -
Journal of Cardiovascular... Aug 2019
Topics: Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 31222891
DOI: 10.1111/jce.14036