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Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive... 2018To delineate the histopathologic appearance of gelatin-based hemostatic agents, Surgiflo, Gelfoam, and Floseal, which are used by ophthalmic plastic surgeons, and which...
PURPOSE
To delineate the histopathologic appearance of gelatin-based hemostatic agents, Surgiflo, Gelfoam, and Floseal, which are used by ophthalmic plastic surgeons, and which may incidentally be found as foreign materials in histopathologic tissue samples.
METHODS
Histopathologic analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson trichrome, and elastin staining on tissue samples in which gelatin-based agents were found. To better characterize these materials, similar analyses were performed on in vitro samples of commonly used gelatin-based hemostatic agents.
RESULTS
Surgiflo and Gelfoam are composed of small stellate pieces of gelatin with a smooth, homogeneous quality. In tissues, they are faintly positive with periodic acid-Schiff staining, amphophilic with Masson trichrome staining, and ink-black with elastin staining. Floseal has a distinctly different morphology of large rectangular sheets, yet almost identical in vitro staining properties.
DISCUSSION
While the morphology of the gelatin-based hemostatic agents is consistent under various conditions, the staining properties of these materials differ based on whether they have been in contact with human tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
Gelatin-derived hemostatic agents are best identified based on their morphologic characteristics. Elastin staining highlights these materials prominently within tissue samples and may be helpful in distinguishing them from other foreign materials.
Topics: Eye Diseases; Foreign Bodies; Gelatin; Hemostatics; Humans; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 29334539
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001048 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... 2022Hyaline globules (HGs) in the cytoplasm of Kupffer cells (KCs) have been appraised for being a typical feature of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This study aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Hyaline globules (HGs) in the cytoplasm of Kupffer cells (KCs) have been appraised for being a typical feature of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This study aimed to determine how useful Kupffer cell hyaline globules (KCHGs) are in diagnosing AIH vs. other causes of pediatric chronic liver diseases (PCLDs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study recruited 124 children; 58 with AIH, 50 with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and 16 with Wilson's disease (WD). Two pathologists retrieved paraffin blocks of liver biopsies and prepared new cut sections for Periodic acid-Schiff-Diastase (PAS-D) stain. They independently examined liver biopsies before starting treatment. Two pediatricians reviewed medical records for demographic, clinical, laboratory, and serological findings.
RESULTS
Females represented 48.6% of the studied children with a median age of 5.8 (4.9) years. Pathologists identified KCHGs in 67.24%, 12.5%, and 6.0% of AIH, WD, and HCV affected children respectively, < 0.001. A significantly higher proportion of seropositive than seronegative AIH patients had KCHGs (77.5% vs. 50.0%), ( < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, KCHGs and prolonged prothrombin time were the only significant predictors that differentiate between AIH and the other studied PCLDs. The odds ratio of having AIH increased 68 times if KCHGs were seen. Among children with AIH, the presence of KCHGs was associated with higher median levels of direct bilirubin 2.2 (1.3) vs. 1.2 (2.2), and immunoglobulin G 3.2 (1.9) vs. 2.0 (1.7), ( < 0.05), but not to histopathological findings or hepatic fibrosis and activity.
CONCLUSIONS
KCHGs are key indicators that can differentiate between AIH and other PCLDs, and between seropositive and seronegative AIH.
PubMed: 35068781
DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.04.013 -
American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Nov 2022We have shown that excessive endothelial cell stretch causes release of growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6), which activates the tyrosine kinase receptor Axl on monocytes...
We have shown that excessive endothelial cell stretch causes release of growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6), which activates the tyrosine kinase receptor Axl on monocytes and promotes immune activation and inflammation. We hypothesized that GAS6/Axl blockade would reduce renal and vascular inflammation and lessen renal dysfunction in the setting of chronic aortic remodeling. We characterized a model of aortic remodeling in mice following a 2-wk infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II). These mice had chronically increased pulse wave velocity, and their aortas demonstrated increased mural collagen. Mechanical testing revealed a marked loss of Windkessel function that persisted for 6 mo following ANG II infusion. Renal function studies showed a reduced ability to excrete a volume load, a progressive increase in albuminuria, and tubular damage as estimated by periodic acid Schiff staining. Treatment with the Axl inhibitor R428 beginning 2 mo after ANG II infusion had a minimal effect on aortic remodeling 2 mo later but reduced the infiltration of T cells, γ/δ T cells, and macrophages into the aorta and kidney and improved renal excretory capacity, reduced albuminuria, and reduced evidence of renal tubular damage. In humans, circulating Axl/Siglec6 dendritic cells and phospho-Axl cells correlated with pulse wave velocity and aortic compliance measured by transesophageal echo, confirming chronic activation of the GAS6/Axl pathway. We conclude that brief episodes of hypertension induce chronic aortic remodeling, which is associated with persistent low-grade inflammation of the aorta and kidneys and evidence of renal dysfunction. These events are mediated at least in part by GAS6/Axl signaling and are improved with Axl blockade. In this study, a brief, 2-wk period of hypertension in mice led to progressive aortic remodeling, an increase in pulse wave velocity, and evidence of renal injury, dysfunction, and albuminuria. This end-organ damage was associated with persistent renal and aortic infiltration of CD8 and γ/δ T cells. We show that this inflammatory response is likely due to GAS6/Axl signaling and can be ameliorated by blocking this pathway. We propose that the altered microvascular mechanical forces caused by increased pulse wave velocity enhance GAS6 release from the endothelium, which in turn activates Axl on myeloid cells, promoting the end-organ damage associated with aortic stiffening.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Albuminuria; Angiotensin II; Aorta; Collagen; Hypertension; Inflammation; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Kidney Diseases; Periodic Acid; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Pulse Wave Analysis; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
PubMed: 36083796
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00253.2022 -
Dental Research Journal 2023Diabetes mellitus is a dominant metabolic disorder in the current fast paced culture; its prevalence is escalating worldwide and among all age groups. Guidelines...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus is a dominant metabolic disorder in the current fast paced culture; its prevalence is escalating worldwide and among all age groups. Guidelines recommend universal screening for diabetes; however, the uptake of these tests in individuals suggests challenges owing to invasive nature of blood collection. Thus, there arises the need for a noninvasive investigation for diabetes screening with a minimum paraphilia and for all medical settings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We have thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, to quantify the association between diabetes and effectiveness of periodic acid-Schiff staining of exfoliative cytology as a screening method. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched systematically for publications dated till July 20, 2022. Six studies (case-control cross-sectional) were selected and evaluated in depth. The statistical evaluation was done with a forest plot with odds ratio and weightage examined.
RESULTS
It was proved that exfoliative cytology with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining can be used as a screening test for diabetic status evaluation. The findings suggest that the aforesaid noninvasive test is a conclusive screening practice for diabetics.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PAS staining in exfoliative cytology can be used as a noninvasive screening in diabetic individuals to assess the current level of blood glucose. Given the increased risk of diabetes worldwide, higher quality prospective evidence is suggested in larger sample sizes with other metabolic disorders, ethnicity, and oral disorders to further evaluate the plausibility of the results.
PubMed: 37483895
DOI: No ID Found -
Praxis Sep 2016
Review
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Duodenum; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Macrophages; Male; Mucous Membrane; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Tropheryma; Whipple Disease
PubMed: 27705184
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002517 -
European Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 2022To describe the clinical features, histopathological findings, and prognosis of conjunctival Teddy bear granuloma (TBG) diagnosed in a Mexican ophthalmologic referral... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To describe the clinical features, histopathological findings, and prognosis of conjunctival Teddy bear granuloma (TBG) diagnosed in a Mexican ophthalmologic referral center in a period of 64 years.
METHODS
We reviewed clinical and histopathological material from all patients with documented conjunctival TBG. Patient's age, gender, location, clinical signs and symptoms, duration, treatment and, specimen size, were evaluated. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded 5 microns hematoxylin-eosin stained slides and periodic acid-Schiff special stain as well as examination under polarized light microscopy were performed in all cases.
RESULTS
A total of 5 conjunctival TBG were collected. The ages of the patients ranged between 2 and 11 with a mean of 6 years. Female to male ratio was 4:1. The right inferior fornix was involved in 4 cases (80%) with clinical diagnosis of conjunctival mass of unknown etiology. Treatment consisted of surgical removal by slit-lamp biomicroscopy (3 cases) and in the operating room (2 cases). No complications were informed in a short follow-up period. Histopathologically, numerous cross-sections of synthetic and non-synthetic fibers surrounded by multinucleated foreign body giant cells, epithelioid histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and sparse neutrophils were seen. Polarization light microscopy demonstrated numerous birefringent colorful foreign fibers. The follow-up period of the patients ranged between 1 and 32 weeks with a mean of 10 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS
Most patients with TBG are children with vague, non-specific symptoms troubling precise clinical diagnosis. Treatment of choice involves surgical excision of the foreign body granuloma followed by topical corticosteroids. All surgical specimens obtained must be sent for histopathological examination. Special awareness is recommended during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown to prevent potential exposure to fibers that may cause conjunctival TBG.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; COVID-19; Child; Child, Preschool; Cicatrix; Communicable Disease Control; Conjunctival Diseases; Conjunctivitis; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Female; Formaldehyde; Granuloma, Foreign-Body; Hematoxylin; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Periodic Acid
PubMed: 35230194
DOI: 10.1177/11206721221083135 -
World Journal of Stem Cells Oct 2021End-stage liver disease is a global health complication with high prevalence and limited treatment options. Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)...
BACKGROUND
End-stage liver disease is a global health complication with high prevalence and limited treatment options. Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as an alternative approach to support hepatic regeneration. preconditioning strategies have been employed to strengthen the regenerative and differentiation potential of MSCs towards hepatic lineage. Chemical compounds of the triterpene class; glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GT) possess diverse therapeutic properties including hepato-protection and anti-fibrosis characteristics. They are capable of modulating several signaling pathways that are crucial in hepatic regeneration. Preconditioning with hepato-protective triterpenes may stimulate MSC fate transition towards hepatocytes.
AIM
To explore the effect of GA and GT on hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord-MSCs (hUC-MSCs).
METHODS
hUC-MSCs were isolated and characterized phenotypically by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry for the expression of MSC-associated surface molecules. Isolated cells were treated with GA, GT, and their combination for 24 h and then analyzed at three time points; day 7, 14, and 21. qRT-PCR was performed for the expression of hepatic genes. Expression of hepatic proteins was analyzed by immunocytochemistry at day 21. Periodic acid Schiff staining was performed to determine the functional ability of treated cells.
RESULTS
The fusiform-shaped morphology of MSCs in the treatment groups in comparison with the untreated control, eventually progressed towards the polygonal morphology of hepatocytes with the passage of time. The temporal transcriptional profile of preconditioned MSCs displayed significant expression of hepatic genes with increasing time of differentiation. Preconditioned cells showed positive expression of hepatocyte-specific proteins. The results were further corroborated by positive periodic acid Schiff staining, indicating the presence of glycogen in their cytoplasm. Moreover, bi-nucleated cells, which is the typical feature of hepatocytes, were also seen in the preconditioned cells.
CONCLUSION
Preconditioning with glycyrrhizic acid, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and their combination, successfully differentiates hUC-MSCs into hepatic-like cells. These MSCs may serve as a better therapeutic option for degenerative liver diseases in future.
PubMed: 34786159
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1580 -
Ageing Research Reviews May 2016Brain ageing in mice leads to the progressive appearance and expansion of degenerative granular structures frequently referred as "PAS granules" because of their... (Review)
Review
Brain ageing in mice leads to the progressive appearance and expansion of degenerative granular structures frequently referred as "PAS granules" because of their positive staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). PAS granules are present mainly in the hippocampus, although they have also been described in other brain areas such as piriform and entorhinal cortices, and have been observed in other mammals than mice, like rats and monkeys. PAS granules have been identified as a wide range of brain deposits related to numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, Lafora bodies, corpora amylacea and polyglucosan bodies, and these identifications have generated controversy and particular theories about them. We have recently reported the presence of a neo-epitope in mice hippocampal PAS granules and the existence of natural IgM auto-antibodies directed against the neo-epitope in the plasma of the animals. The significance of the neo-epitope and the autoantibodies is discussed in this review. Moreover, we observed that the IgM anti-neo-epitope is frequently present as a contaminant in numerous commercial antibodies and is responsible of a considerable amount of false positive immunostainings, which may produce misinterpretations in the identification of the granules. Now that this point has been clarified, this article reviews and reconsiders the nature and physiopathological significance of these degenerative granules. Moreover, we suggest that neo-epitopes may turn into a useful brain-ageing biomarker and that autoimmunity could become a new focus in the study of age-related degenerative processes.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Autoimmunity; Epitopes; Hippocampus; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Periodic Acid; Plaque, Amyloid
PubMed: 26970374
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.001 -
International Journal of Biological... Oct 2017Dialdehyde starch was prepared by one-step synthesis of acid hydrolysis and oxidation, using corn starch as the raw material, sodium periodate (NaIO) as the oxidant, and...
Dialdehyde starch was prepared by one-step synthesis of acid hydrolysis and oxidation, using corn starch as the raw material, sodium periodate (NaIO) as the oxidant, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the acid solution. The prepared dialdehyde starch was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results confirmed that oxidation occurred between the starch and NaIO. The acid hydrolysis reaction reduced the molecular weight of starch and effectively improved the aldehyde group contents (92.7%). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that the average particle size decreased after acid hydrolysis and oxidation reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) analysis demonstrated that the crystallinity of the obtained dialdehyde starch showed a downward trend and a decelerated thermal decomposition rate. The starch after acid hydrolysis and oxidation exhibited lower hot paste viscosity and higher reactivity.
Topics: Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrolysis; Molecular Weight; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Periodic Acid; Starch; Viscosity
PubMed: 28587965
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.188 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jul 2023Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been demonstrated as a remarkable technology to fabricate high-quality SnO electron transport layer (ETL) for large-area perovskite...
Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been demonstrated as a remarkable technology to fabricate high-quality SnO electron transport layer (ETL) for large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, surface defects always exist on the SnO film coated by the CBD process, impairing the devices' performance. Here, a facile periodic acid post-treatment (PAPT) method is developed to modify the SnO layer. Periodic acid can react with hydroxyl groups on the surface of SnO films and oxidize Tin(II) oxide to Tin(IV) oxide. With the help of periodic acid, a better energy level alignment between the SnO and perovskite layers is achieved. In addition, the PAPT method inhibits interfacial nonradiative recombination and facilitates charge transportation. Such a multifunctional strategy enables to fabricate PSC with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.25%, which remains 93.32% of its initial efficiency after 3000 h without any encapsulation. Furthermore, 3 × 3 cm perovskite mini-modules are presented, achieving a champion efficiency of 18.10%. All these results suggest that the PAPT method is promising for promoting the commercial application of large-area PSCs.
PubMed: 37140187
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300010