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Journal of Controlled Release :... Jul 2023Scaffolds are implants commonly used to deliver cells, drugs, and genes into the body. Their regular porous structure ensures the proper support for cell attachment,... (Review)
Review
Scaffolds are implants commonly used to deliver cells, drugs, and genes into the body. Their regular porous structure ensures the proper support for cell attachment, proliferation, differentiated function, and migration. Techniques to fabricate a scaffold include leaching, freeze-drying, supercritical fluid technology, thermally induced phase separation, rapid prototyping, powder compaction, sol-gel, and melt molding. Gene delivery from the scaffold represents a versatile approach to influence the environment for managing cell function. Scaffolds can be used for various tissue engineering purposes, e.g. bone formation, periodontal regeneration, cartilage development, artificial corneas, heart valves, tendon repair, or ligament replacement. Moreover, they are also instrumental in cancer therapy, inflammation, diabetes, heart disease, and wound dressings. Scaffolds provide a platform to extend the delivery of drugs and genetic materials at a controlled timeframe, besides potentially being used to prevent infection upon surgery and other chronic diseases, provided that they can be formulated with specific medicines. This review discusses the need to design advanced functional scaffolds with the potential for modified drug delivery and tissue engineering in a synergistic approach. Special attention is given to works published in 2023 to generate the bibliometric map.
Topics: Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Drug Delivery Systems; Gene Transfer Techniques; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 37286137
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.042 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has fascinating attributes, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of processing, being considered a very... (Review)
Review
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has fascinating attributes, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of processing, being considered a very interesting biomaterial due to its options for moldability and combination. Thus, BC-based compounds (for example, BC/collagen, BC/gelatin, BC/fibroin, BC/chitosan, etc.) have improved properties and/or functionality, allowing for various biomedical applications, such as artificial blood vessels and microvessels, artificial skin, and wounds dressing among others. Despite the wide applicability in biomedicine and tissue engineering, there is a lack of updated scientific reports on applications related to dentistry, since BC has great potential for this. It has been used mainly in the regeneration of periodontal tissue, surgical dressings, intraoral wounds, and also in the regeneration of pulp tissue. This review describes the properties and advantages of some BC studies focused on dental and oral applications, including the design of implants, scaffolds, and wound-dressing materials, as well as carriers for drug delivery in dentistry. Aligned to the current trends and biotechnology evolutions, BC-based nanocomposites offer a great field to be explored and other novel features can be expected in relation to oral and bone tissue repair in the near future.
Topics: Bacteria; Biocompatible Materials; Cellulose; Dentistry; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 33374301
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010049 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Aug 2016Periodontal dressing has been advocated and showed some positive outcomes for placing over the surgical site after periodontal surgery. However, little is known about... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Periodontal dressing has been advocated and showed some positive outcomes for placing over the surgical site after periodontal surgery. However, little is known about its effect on non-surgical therapy.
PURPOSE
The aim of this review was to assess the clinical effect of periodontal dressing when used after non-surgical therapy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two examiners performed an electronic search in several databases for relevant articles published in English up to November 2013. Selected studies were randomized human clinical trials (prospective or retrospective trials) with the clear aim of investigating the effect of periodontal dressing placement upon periodontal non-surgical mechanical therapy. Data were extracted from the included articles for analysis.
RESULTS
Three randomized clinical trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria and thus were included in the data analysis. Statistical analysis could not be carried out due to the lack of clear data of the included studies. However, descriptive analysis showed its effectiveness in improving clinical parameters such as gain of clinical attachment level and reduction of probing pocket depth.
CONCLUSION
Placement of periodontal dressing right after non-surgical mechanical therapy can be beneficial in improving overall short-term clinical outcomes, although more controlled studies are still needed to validate this finding.
Topics: Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Scaling; Humans; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Dressings; Periodontal Index; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Root Planing; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 25721470
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12130 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2023The present study aimed to explore the impact of different periodontal surgical treatments on the quality of life and postoperative morbidity. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
The present study aimed to explore the impact of different periodontal surgical treatments on the quality of life and postoperative morbidity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study is a single-center, prospective, observational cohort trial. One hundred fifty-five patients, referred to the Periodontal Department of Bologna University who needed periodontal surgical treatment, were recruited. The self-reported perception of the postoperative course was assessed using the following anonymous questionnaires: Italian oral health impact profile (I-OHIP-14), visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate the intensity of the pain, and 5-point Likert scale.
RESULTS
Patients reported a mean OHIP-14 total score of 9.87±8.5 (range 0-42), significantly influenced by the female sex, flap extension, and periodontal dressing. A mean VAS score of 2.96±2.39 (range 0-9) was calculated, and was found to be influenced by the presence of vertical releasing incisions and palatal flap extension. Of the 155 subjects, 40 (25.8%) patients reported bleeding as a post-surgical complication, 96 (61.9%) swelling, 105 (67.7%) eating discomfort, and 44 (28.4%) reported speech discomfort.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of the nature of the present study, periodontal surgical procedures have a low impact on patients' quality of life evaluated through the OHIP-14 and VAS pain questionnaires.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Periodontal surgical procedures are safe procedures, with a limited duration of postoperative discomfort as well as the incidence of complications.
Topics: Female; Humans; Oral Health; Oral Surgical Procedures; Pain; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Male
PubMed: 37940683
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05362-y -
Brazilian Oral Research 2021The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of two commercially available and one experimental periodontal dressing...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of two commercially available and one experimental periodontal dressing materials. The cytotoxicity of Periobond ® , Barricaid ® and one experimental periodontal dressing based on Exothane ® 8 monomer was tested on 3T3/NIH mouse fibroblast. Genotoxicity was assessed by micronuclei formation, and cell alterations were analyzed using light microscopy. Both biological assays were performed using the eluate obtained from specimens after 24, 72, or 168 hours of incubation. Mechanical characterization was assessed through the ultimate tensile strength and the water sorption and solubility tests. The significance level of α = 0.05 was used for all statistical analyses. All the materials promoted a cell viability lower than 60% in all evaluated times. In general, the cell viability was significantly reduced after 72 and 168h of specimens' incubation. Considering the factor material, there were not statistical differences in the cell viability (p = 0.156). The genotoxicity was not statistically significant among the groups in the different periods of time (p > 0.05). Differences in the ultimate tensile strength values were not statistically significant different among the groups (p = 0.125). Periobond ® showed the higher water sorption values (p < 0.001). Regarding solubility, there were no statistical differences between the groups (p = 0.098). All the periodontal dressing materials evaluated in this study exerted a cytotoxic effect against mouse fibroblasts, and their toxicity became more evident over time. Among the materials evaluated, the experimental light-cure type has shown overall similar properties to the commercial references.
Topics: Animals; Bandages; Materials Testing; Mice; Periodontal Dressings; Solubility; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 33681878
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0045 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry 2016To determine the preventive effect of a periodontal dressing containing colophony, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide applied after scaling and root planing on clinical... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
To determine the preventive effect of a periodontal dressing containing colophony, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide applied after scaling and root planing on clinical variables, subgingival bacteria and local immune response in patients with chronic periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this randomised prospective clinical study, 28 volunteers with generalised moderate chronic periodontitis were treated with full-mouth scaling in a split-mouth design. In the test quadrants, the periodontal dressing was applied during the first three days. At baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks, probing pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded, and subgingival plaque samples were taken for laboratory analysis.
RESULTS
In both groups, PD, AL and BOP were significantly reduced (p=0.001). BOP was significantly lower in the control than the test group after 6 weeks (p=0.046). Significantly reduced bacterial counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis were found in the control group after 12 weeks (p=0.013). No differences were found for the microbiological results between the groups. After 12 weeks, interleukin (IL)-8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 were significantly higher in the test group (p=0.023 and p=0.003, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The adjunctive application of a periodontal dressing had no additional preventive effect on clinical data 12 weeks after scaling and root planing.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Load; Chronic Periodontitis; Combined Modality Therapy; Dental Plaque; Dental Scaling; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interleukin-8; Magnesium Oxide; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Middle Aged; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Dressings; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Pinus; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prospective Studies; Resins, Plant; Root Planing; Tars; Treatment Outcome; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 26870843
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a35612 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Mar 2024The postoperative periodontal wound is in a complex physiological environment; the bacteria accumulation, the saliva stimulation, and the food residues retention will...
The postoperative periodontal wound is in a complex physiological environment; the bacteria accumulation, the saliva stimulation, and the food residues retention will aggravate the wound deterioration. Commercial periodontal dressings have been widely used for postoperative periodontal treatment, and there still exists some problems, such as poor biocompatibility, weak adhesion, insufficient antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, a chitosan-gallic acid graft copolymer (CS-GA) is synthesized as a potential periodontal dressing hydrogel. CS-GA possesses high swelling rate, adjustable degradability, self-healing ability, biocompatibility, strong adhesion ability, high mechanical properties and toughness. Furthermore, CS-GA has good scavenging ability for ·OH, O , and O And CS-GA has good inhibition effect on different bacterial through bacterial membranes damage. CS-GA can stop bleeding in a short time and adsorb erythrocytes to form physical blood clots to enhance the hemostatic performance. In addition, CS-GA can reduce inflammatory factors expressions, increase collagen fibers deposition, and neovascularization to promote wounds healing, which makes it as a potential periodontal dressing for postoperative tissue restoration.
Topics: Humans; Chitosan; Gallic Acid; Periodontal Dressings; Hydrogels; Wound Healing; Polymers; Tissue Adhesions; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38041691
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302877 -
Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran) Feb 2015It has been claimed that periodontal dressing reduces the risk of wound infection, bleeding and granulation tissue formation and improves tissue healing. This study...
OBJECTIVES
It has been claimed that periodontal dressing reduces the risk of wound infection, bleeding and granulation tissue formation and improves tissue healing. This study sought to assess the effect of periodontal dressing on wound healing and patient satisfaction following periodontal flap surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This clinical trial was conducted on 33 patients presenting to Hamadan University, School of Dentistry in 2012 whose treatment plan included two periodontal surgical procedures on both quadrants of the maxilla or mandible. The variables evaluated were severity of pain, bleeding, facial swelling and ease of nutrition experienced by patient during the first 3 days after surgery and inflammation, granulation tissue formation and gingival color at 7 and 14 days. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and R software and chi-square and t-tests.
RESULTS
The mean (±SD) pain score was 1.73±1.153 and 2.79±1.933 in surgical sites with and without periodontal dressing, respectively and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). No significant difference was noted between sites with and without periodontal dressing in terms of swelling, bleeding, gingival consistency, granulation tissue formation, gingival color and ease of nutrition (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION
According to the results of the present study, patients did not experience more bleeding, facial swelling or nutritional problems without periodontal dressing; however, the level of pain experienced was lower after surgeries with the use of periodontal dressing.
PubMed: 26056525
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomaterials Science Oct 2023Periodontal dressing is a surgical dressing applied to oral wounds after periodontal surgery. Currently, all commercially available setting periodontal dressings are...
Periodontal dressing is a surgical dressing applied to oral wounds after periodontal surgery. Currently, all commercially available setting periodontal dressings are stiff, uncomfortable, with poor aesthetics, and need to be removed at the patient's follow-up visit, which may cause secondary damage. A periodontal dressing with soft texture, biodegradable properties, and that could balance both comfort and aesthetics is urgently desired. Hence, non-setting and degradable dressings were developed using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Eudragit S 100 and povidone K30, which were compared with the commercial degradable dressing Reso-pac®. The mucosal adhesion of the dressings was evaluated by lap shear tests, which indicated adequate adhesion. The swelling rates of the dressings were approximately half that of Reso-pac®, which led to less saliva adsorption and better dimensional stability. The dressings also exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility according to the results of CCK-8, Live/Dead staining, hemolysis, and subcutaneous implantation assays. Moreover, the dressing promoted the healing of full-thickness mucosal wounds in the palatal gingivae of SD rats and contributed to better therapeutic effect than Reso-pac®. Considering the multiple advantages and the pure pharmaceutical excipient formula, we anticipate that this dressing could be a promising product and may enter clinical practice in the near future.
PubMed: 37724849
DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01314f -
International Endodontic Journal Oct 2023Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ) are commonly used during root canal treatment. Evaluation of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ) are commonly used during root canal treatment. Evaluation of their effectiveness regarding clinical and patient-related outcomes requires further understanding.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of root canal irrigation and dressing for the treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis (AP).
METHODS
A search was conducted in the PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Google scholar databases and available repositories, followed by hand searches, until July 2021. Eligibility criteria followed the a priori formulated Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Timing, and Study design (PICOTS) framework. Clinical studies restricted to English language were included. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) was used to assess the quality of included studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the fixed-effect model to obtain Risk Ratio (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI), with sensitivity analysis. Overall quality of evidence of meta-analyses was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool.
RESULTS
The search identified 1357 records of which six fulfilled the inclusion criteria, providing data for 'irrigation' from 212 teeth and for 'dressings' from 438 teeth. Two studies reported no significant difference regarding the outcome 'pain at 7 days' using 2% chlorhexidine vs. 5.25% NaOCl and EDTA or after using different concentrations of NaOCl (1% vs. 5%). No significant difference was detected between different NaOCl concentrations regarding the reduction of AP. A meta-analysis was possible for the comparison of single-visit (SV) versus multiple-visits including the use of Ca(OH) demonstrating a significant effect in favour of SV (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.19; p = .007; I = 0). RoB of included studies was moderate to low.
DISCUSSION
The use of Ca(OH) for the treatment of AP may not be beneficial. There is scarce or no evidence fulfilling the proposed PICOTS regarding irrigants and dressings.
CONCLUSIONS
There is moderate certainty that SV treatment is associated with better radiographic evidence of normal periodontal ligament space (strict criteria) compared with the use of Ca(OH) Reduction of AP is comparable after irrigation with 1% and 5% NaOCl, whereas postoperative pain at 7 days for the irrigants assessed is similar.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO database CRD42021260271.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Cavity; Edetic Acid; Root Canal Therapy; Periapical Periodontitis; Bandages; Root Canal Irrigants
PubMed: 35579074
DOI: 10.1111/iej.13777