-
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2019Periostin is a secreted matricellular protein that primarily interacts with type I collagen and fibronectin extracellular matrix proteins, and is widely distributed in... (Review)
Review
Periostin is a secreted matricellular protein that primarily interacts with type I collagen and fibronectin extracellular matrix proteins, and is widely distributed in tissues rich in collagen-rich connective tissues, including the periodontal ligament. Its expression in these tissues is especially regulated by mechanical load. While the expression and regulation of periostin in the teeth of murine models and cell lines is well known, its presence in human teeth is poorly documented. Here we update and summarize the available data on the distribution of periostin in the human periodontal ligament, gingiva and dental pulp.
Topics: Animals; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Dental Pulp; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Gingiva; Humans; Mice; Periodontal Ligament; Tooth
PubMed: 31037626
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_8 -
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) Sep 2022Periodontal tissues, including gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, play important roles in oral health. Under physiological conditions,... (Review)
Review
Periodontal tissues, including gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, play important roles in oral health. Under physiological conditions, periodontal tissues surround and support the teeth, maintaining the stability of the teeth and distributing the chewing forces. However, under pathological conditions, with the actions of various pathogenic factors, the periodontal tissues gradually undergo some irreversible changes, that is, gingival recession, periodontal ligament rupture, periodontal pocket formation, alveolar bone resorption, eventually leading to the loosening and even loss of the teeth. Currently, the regenerations of the periodontal tissues are still challenging. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of the periodontal tissues, the principles and processes of which can be used to develop new strategies for the regeneration of periodontal tissues. This review summarizes the development of periodontal tissues and current strategies for periodontal healing and regeneration.
Topics: Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium
PubMed: 35785409
DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23491 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Feb 2016Attainment of periodontal regeneration is a significant clinical goal in the management of advanced periodontal defects arising from periodontitis. Over the past 30... (Review)
Review
Attainment of periodontal regeneration is a significant clinical goal in the management of advanced periodontal defects arising from periodontitis. Over the past 30 years numerous techniques and materials have been introduced and evaluated clinically and have included guided tissue regeneration, bone grafting materials, growth and other biological factors and gene therapy. With the exception of gene therapy, all have undergone evaluation in humans. All of the products have shown efficacy in promoting periodontal regeneration in animal models but the results in humans remain variable and equivocal concerning attaining complete biological regeneration of damaged periodontal structures. In the early 2000s, the concept of tissue engineering was proposed as a new paradigm for periodontal regeneration based on molecular and cell biology. At this time, tissue engineering was a new and emerging field. Now, 14 years later we revisit the concept of tissue engineering for the periodontium and assess how far we have come, where we are currently situated and what needs to be done in the future to make this concept a reality. In this review, we cover some of the precursor products, which led to our current position in periodontal tissue engineering. The basic concepts of tissue engineering with special emphasis on periodontal tissue engineering products is discussed including the use of mesenchymal stem cells in bioscaffolds and the emerging field of cell sheet technology. Finally, we look into the future to consider what CAD/CAM technology and nanotechnology will have to offer.
Topics: Animals; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 25900048
DOI: 10.1111/jre.12275 -
Nanoscale Mar 2023Periodontitis is an infection-induced inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of tooth supporting tissues, which, if left untreated, can result in... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is an infection-induced inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of tooth supporting tissues, which, if left untreated, can result in tooth loss. The destruction of periodontal tissues is primarily caused by an imbalance between the host immune protection and immune destruction mechanisms. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to eliminate inflammation and promote the repair and regeneration of both hard and soft tissues, so as to restore the physiological structure and function of periodontium. Advancement in nanotechnologies has enabled the development of nanomaterials with immunomodulatory properties for regenerative dentistry. This review discusses the immune mechanisms of the major effector cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems, the physicochemical and biological properties of nanomaterials, and the research advancements in immunomodulatory nanotherapeutic approaches for the management of periodontitis and the regeneration of periodontal tissues. The current challenges, and prospects for future applications of nanomaterials are then discussed so that researchers at the intersections of osteoimmunology, regenerative dentistry and materiobiology will continue to advance the development of nanomaterials for improved periodontal tissue regeneration.
Topics: Humans; Periodontium; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Inflammation; Wound Healing
PubMed: 36896757
DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06149j -
Dental Clinics of North America Jan 2022The ultimate goal in periodontal therapy is the complete re-establishment of the lost tissues. Dental researchers and clinicians are continuously working to develop... (Review)
Review
The ultimate goal in periodontal therapy is the complete re-establishment of the lost tissues. Dental researchers and clinicians are continuously working to develop current therapeutic techniques and technologies that can regenerate damaged periodontal tissues. Predicting the outcome of the treatment is a challenging endeavor, because a variety of local and systemic variables can affect the success of the applied regenerative therapy. To real-time monitor the biological changes during periodontitis or after periodontal treatment, various biomarkers have been studied in periodontology. This article discusses the available evidence on the use of biomarkers in the detection of periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Biomarkers; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Regeneration
PubMed: 34794552
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.06.006 -
Journal of Dental Research Mar 2024Periodontal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in maintaining periodontium homeostasis and in tissue repair. However, little is known about how...
Periodontal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in maintaining periodontium homeostasis and in tissue repair. However, little is known about how periodontal MSCs in vivo respond under periodontal disease conditions, posing a challenge for periodontium tissue regeneration. In this study, Gli1 was used as a periodontal MSC marker and combined with a Gli1-cre ERT2 mouse model for lineage tracing to investigate periodontal MSC fate in an induced periodontitis model. Our findings show significant changes in the number and contribution of Gli1 MSCs within the inflamed periodontium. The number of Gli1 MSCs that contributed to periodontal ligament homeostasis decreased in the periodontitis-induced teeth. While the proliferation of Gli1 MSCs had no significant difference between the periodontitis and the control groups, more Gli1 MSCs underwent apoptosis in diseased teeth. In addition, the number of Gli1 MSCs for osteogenic differentiation decreased during the progression of periodontitis. Following tooth extraction, the contribution of Gli1 MSCs to the tooth socket repair was significantly reduced in the periodontitis-induced teeth. Collectively, these findings indicate that the function of Gli1 MSCs in periodontitis was compromised, including reduced contribution to periodontium homeostasis and impaired injury response.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; Osteogenesis; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Periodontal Ligament
PubMed: 38284236
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231220915 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Apr 2022Periodontitis is initiated by hyper-inflammatory responses in the periodontal tissues that generate dysbiotic ecological changes within the microbial communities. As a... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is initiated by hyper-inflammatory responses in the periodontal tissues that generate dysbiotic ecological changes within the microbial communities. As a result, supportive tissues of the tooth are damaged and periodontal attachment is lost. Gingival recession, formation of periodontal pockets with the presence of bleeding, and often suppuration and/or tooth mobility are evident upon clinical examination. These changes may ultimately lead to tooth loss. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are implicated in controlling periodontal disease progression and have been shown to play a key role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Evidence shows that MSCs interact with subgingival microorganisms and their by-products and modulate the activity of immune cells by either paracrine mechanisms or direct cell-to-cell contact. The aim of this review is to reveal the interactions that take place between microbes and in particular periodontal pathogens and MSCs in order to understand the factors and mechanisms that modulate the regenerative capacity of periodontal tissues and the ability of the host to defend against putative pathogens. The clinical implications of these interactions in terms of anti-inflammatory and paracrine responses of MSCs, anti-microbial properties and alterations in function including their regenerative potential are critically discussed based on literature findings. In addition, future directions to design periodontal research models and study the microbial-stem cell interactions are introduced.
Topics: Cell Communication; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35451943
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001503 -
Dental Clinics of North America Jan 2022In this review, the authors consider the substantial advances that have been made in recent years in stem cell-based periodontal regeneration. These advances involve... (Review)
Review
In this review, the authors consider the substantial advances that have been made in recent years in stem cell-based periodontal regeneration. These advances involve identifying dental- and nondental-derived stem cells with the capacity to modulate periodontal regeneration, human clinical trials, and emerging concepts, including cell banking, good manufacturing processes, and overall clinical translation.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 34794554
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.06.002 -
Dental Clinics of North America Jan 2022The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is homeostatic regeneration of lost attachment of alveolar bone and gingival connective tissue to the exposed root surfaces with... (Review)
Review
The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is homeostatic regeneration of lost attachment of alveolar bone and gingival connective tissue to the exposed root surfaces with a fully functional and healthy periodontal ligament that is covered with a healthy epithelium. This goal needs a complete understanding of the biological mechanisms inherent to healing and inflammatory processes.
Topics: Connective Tissue; Gingiva; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Tooth Root; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34794547
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.08.001 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2022The ultimate goal of periodontal treatments is the regeneration of all lost periodontal tissues including bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Until now,... (Review)
Review
The ultimate goal of periodontal treatments is the regeneration of all lost periodontal tissues including bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Until now, the clinical methods for periodontal regeneration have been associated with significant failure or incomplete success. Various studies have reported the promising effects of growth factors/cytokines on periodontal regeneration. Growth factors/cytokines include proteins or steroid hormones that bind to cellular receptors, known as signalling molecules, and that trigger cellular responses that eventually stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. The present review aims to provide an overview of the main growth factors that play an important role in and have been used in the regeneration of periodontal components.
Topics: Cementogenesis; Cytokines; Dental Cementum; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium
PubMed: 35686588
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b3086335