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Journal of Neuroimmunology Jul 2022Peripheral nerve disorders in sarcoidosis consist of granulomatous neuropathy and non-granulomatous small fiber neuropathy (SFN), which differ in their underlying... (Review)
Review
Peripheral nerve disorders in sarcoidosis consist of granulomatous neuropathy and non-granulomatous small fiber neuropathy (SFN), which differ in their underlying pathology, diagnostic methods and treatment. While granulomatous nerve involvement is rare in sarcoidosis, SFN is reported in over 40% of systemic cases. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy and asymmetric polyradiculoneuropathy are the most common presentations of granulomatous neuropathy, which typically responds to corticosteroids. In contrast, SFN is often manifested as non-length dependent pain and paresthesias that may improve with intravenous immune globulin or infliximab. Early recognition and treatment of sarcoidosis neuropathy can lead to improved outcomes and patient quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Quality of Life; Sarcoidosis; Small Fiber Neuropathy
PubMed: 35585009
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577864 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2020While signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy may appear to be similar among all patients, further evaluation both at the bedside and beyond demonstrate distinct... (Review)
Review
While signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy may appear to be similar among all patients, further evaluation both at the bedside and beyond demonstrate distinct differences in the pattern of certain neuropathies. A working knowledge of these differences and of the available tools to distinguish them is quite useful to the clinician. This chapter provides an overview of the distinction among various neuropathy profiles. Focal neuropathies may occur from compression or from entrapment. Neurologic examination aids in anatomic localization, which further refines and directs electrodiagnostic and ultrasound testing. Subsequent therapeutic approaches vary depending on the location of the focal neuropathy. Focal neuropathy may occur outside of pregnancy but the outcome is more predictable in this situation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mononeuropathies; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Neurologic Examination; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32768085
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64240-0.00008-8 -
JAMA Internal Medicine Jul 2022
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 35639389
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.1812 -
Current Cancer Drug Targets 2022Peripheral neuropathy comes in all shapes and forms and is a disorder which is found in the peripheral nervous system. It can have an acute or chronic onset depending on... (Review)
Review
Peripheral neuropathy comes in all shapes and forms and is a disorder which is found in the peripheral nervous system. It can have an acute or chronic onset depending on the multitude of pathophysiologic mechanisms involving different parts of nerve fibers. A systematic approach is highly beneficial when it comes to cost-effective diagnosis. More than 30 causes of peripheral neuropathy exist ranging from systemic and auto-immune diseases, vitamin deficiencies, viral infections, diabetes, etc. One of the major causes of peripheral neuropathy is drug-induced disease, which can be split into peripheral neuropathy caused by chemotherapy or by other medications. This review deals with the latest causes of drug-induced peripheral neuropathy, the population involved, the findings on physical examination and various workups needed and how to manage each case.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 34288840
DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210720142542 -
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &... Aug 2014Peripheral neuropathy can be caused by medication, and various descriptions have been applied for this condition. In this MiniReview, the term 'drug-induced peripheral... (Review)
Review
Peripheral neuropathy can be caused by medication, and various descriptions have been applied for this condition. In this MiniReview, the term 'drug-induced peripheral neuropathy' (DIPN) is used with the suggested definition: Damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system caused by a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention or diagnosis of a disease. Optic neuropathy is included in this definition. A distinction between DIPN and other aetiologies of peripheral neuropathy is often quite difficult and thus, the aim of this MiniReview is to discuss the major agents associated with DIPN.
Topics: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Optic Nerve Diseases; Peripheral Nerves; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 24786912
DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12261 -
Journal of the Neurological Sciences May 2021Rheumatological diseases result in immune-mediated injury to not only connective tissue, but often components of the peripheral nervous system. These overlap conditions... (Review)
Review
Rheumatological diseases result in immune-mediated injury to not only connective tissue, but often components of the peripheral nervous system. These overlap conditions can be broadly categorized as peripheral neuropathies and overlap myositis. The peripheral neuropathies are distinctive as many have unusual presentations such as non-length-dependent, small fiber neuropathies and sensory neuronopathies (both due to dorsal root ganglia dysfunction), multiple mononeuropathies (e.g. vasculitic neuropathies), and even cranial neuropathies. Overlap myositis is increasingly recognized and is often associated with specific autoantibodies. Sarcoidosis also has widespread neurological manifestations and impacts both the peripheral nerves and muscle. Much work is needed to fully characterize the vast presentations of these overlap diseases. Given the rarity of these disorders, they are understudied, resulting in significant knowledge gaps with regards to their underlying pathophysiology and the best treatment approach. A basic knowledge of these disorders is mandatory for both practicing rheumatologists and neurologists as prompt recognition and early initiation of immunotherapy may prevent significant morbidity and permanent disability.
Topics: Cranial Nerve Diseases; Humans; Mononeuropathies; Peripheral Nervous System; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 33824004
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117421 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Nov 2018Learning to recognize the various clinical and electrodiagnostic patterns of peripheral neuropathy enables a targeted approach to etiologic investigation, and... (Review)
Review
Learning to recognize the various clinical and electrodiagnostic patterns of peripheral neuropathy enables a targeted approach to etiologic investigation, and subsequently guides patient discussions of self-management, disease course, and prognosis. Moreover, as advancements in neuropathology and pharmacotherapy inform the many etiologies of polyneuropathy, it is imperative for clinicians to identify the underlying etiology to appropriately guide treatment options and prevent complications.
Topics: Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 30293629
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2018.06.010 -
Clinical Chemistry May 2020
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 32300787
DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa075 -
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Oct 2014Infections are important, potentially treatable causes of peripheral nervous system disease. This article reviews the clinical presentation and management of several... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Infections are important, potentially treatable causes of peripheral nervous system disease. This article reviews the clinical presentation and management of several common peripheral nervous system diseases due to viral, bacterial, spirochetal, and parasitic infections.
RECENT FINDINGS
The clinical presentation and evaluation of infectious peripheral nervous system diseases are well established. Advances in the treatment and, in some cases, the prevention of these diseases are still evolving.
SUMMARY
A diverse range of peripheral nervous system diseases, including peripheral neuropathy, radiculopathy, radiculomyelopathy, cranial neuropathy, and motor neuropathy, are caused by numerous infectious agents. In some patients, peripheral neuropathy may be a side effect of anti-infectious drugs. Infectious neuropathies are important to recognize as they are potentially treatable. This article discusses the clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment of several common peripheral nervous system diseases caused by viral, bacterial, spirochetal, and parasitic infections, as well as some peripheral nerve disorders caused by adverse effects of the treatments of these infectious diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Communicable Diseases; Disease Management; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 25299282
DOI: 10.1212/01.CON.0000455881.83803.a9 -
Cell Calcium Jul 2023Alterations in calcium (Ca) signaling is a major mechanism in the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a side effect caused by multiple...
Alterations in calcium (Ca) signaling is a major mechanism in the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a side effect caused by multiple chemotherapy regimens. CIPN is associated with numbness and incessant tingling in hands and feet which diminishes quality of life during treatment. In up to 50% of survivors, CIPN is essentially irreversible. There are no approved, disease-modifying treatments for CIPN. The only recourse for oncologists is to modify the chemotherapy dose, a situation that can compromise optimal chemotherapy and impact patient outcomes. Here we focus on taxanes and other chemotherapeutic agents that work by altering microtubule assemblies to kill cancer cells, but also have off-target toxicities. There have been many molecular mechanisms proposed to explain the effects of microtubule-disrupting drugs. In neurons, an initiating step in the off-target effects of treatment by taxane is binding to neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1), a sensitive Ca sensor protein that maintains the resting Ca concentration and dynamically enhances responses to cellular stimuli. The taxane/NCS1 interaction causes a Ca surge that starts a pathophysiological cascade of consequences. This same mechanism contributes to other conditions including chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. Strategies to prevent the Ca surge are the foundation of current work.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Quality of Life; Calcium Signaling; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 37244172
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102762