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Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Oct 2019How does emotion regulation in one social context spillover to functioning in another? We investigate this novel question by drawing upon recent evidence that 3...
How does emotion regulation in one social context spillover to functioning in another? We investigate this novel question by drawing upon recent evidence that 3 categories underpin the most commonly assessed emotion regulation strategies: disengagement, aversive cognitive perseveration, and adaptive engagement. We examine how these emotion regulation categories during marital conflict are associated with conflict resolution and assess the associated implications for functioning during a subsequent family activity. We also develop and compare observational and self-report measures of emotion regulation. Couples (N = 101) were video-recorded discussing a major conflict and reported on their emotion regulation during the discussion. Couples then participated in a family activity with their 5-year-old child, and reported on the quality of the family experience and responsiveness toward their child. Observational coders rated how much each participant exhibited each type of emotion regulation during the conflict discussion. Greater disengagement and aversive cognitive perseveration were associated with lower conflict resolution, and in turn, less positive experiences and poorer parental responsiveness during the family activity. Greater adaptive engagement had the opposite effects, but only disengagement and aversive cognitive perseveration had independent effects when controlling for the other emotion regulation categories. Finally, observational and self-report measures were only weakly associated, but illustrated the same pattern of effects. These novel findings suggest that emotion regulation strategies have important flow-on effects beyond the context initially enacted. The results also indicate that self-report versus observed measures of emotion regulation reveal similar patterns, but may capture different intrapersonal and interpersonal elements of emotion regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Child, Preschool; Emotions; Family Relations; Female; Humans; Male; Negotiating
PubMed: 30321037
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000519 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2016Decision inertia is the tendency to repeat previous choices independently of the outcome, which can give rise to perseveration in suboptimal choices. We investigate this...
Decision inertia is the tendency to repeat previous choices independently of the outcome, which can give rise to perseveration in suboptimal choices. We investigate this tendency in probability-updating tasks. Study 1 shows that, whenever decision inertia conflicts with normatively optimal behavior (Bayesian updating), error rates are larger and decisions are slower. This is consistent with a dual-process view of decision inertia as an automatic process conflicting with a more rational, controlled one. We find evidence of decision inertia in both required and autonomous decisions, but the effect of inertia is more clear in the latter. Study 2 considers more complex decision situations where further conflict arises due to reinforcement processes. We find the same effects of decision inertia when reinforcement is aligned with Bayesian updating, but if the two latter processes conflict, the effects are limited to autonomous choices. Additionally, both studies show that the tendency to rely on decision inertia is positively associated with preference for consistency.
PubMed: 26909061
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00169 -
Addictive Behaviors May 2015The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the construct of desire thinking and test a metacognitive model of desire thinking and craving, based on the work of...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the construct of desire thinking and test a metacognitive model of desire thinking and craving, based on the work of Spada, Caselli and Wells (2012; 2013), which aims to explain the perseveration of desire thinking.
METHOD
We conducted two studies involving four clinical samples (total N = 493) and a community sample (N = 494) presenting with different addictive behaviors. The relationships among variables were examined by testing the fit of path models within each sample.
RESULTS
In the model presented it was proposed that positive metacognitions about desire thinking are associated with, in turn, imaginal prefiguration and verbal perseveration, marking the activation of desire thinking. Verbal perseveration is then associated to negative metacognitions about desire thinking and craving denoting the pathological escalation of desire thinking. Finally, a direct association between positive metacognitions about desire thinking and negative metacognitions about desire thinking would mark those occasions where target-achieving behaviour runs as an automatized schemata without the experience of craving. Results indicated a good model fit in the clinical sample and a variation in the model structure in the community sample.
CONCLUSION
These findings provide further support for the application of metacognitive theory to desire thinking and craving in addictive behaviors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Behavior, Addictive; Craving; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thinking; Young Adult
PubMed: 25128328
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.021 -
Borderline Personality Disorder and... 2018The UPPS-P Model of Impulsive Personality, a prominent model of impulsive personality derived from the Five Factor Model of Personality, is a multi-dimensional model of... (Review)
Review
The UPPS-P Model of Impulsive Personality, a prominent model of impulsive personality derived from the Five Factor Model of Personality, is a multi-dimensional model of impulsive personality that consists of negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseveration, sensation seeking, and positive urgency. The UPPS-P model has highlighted the importance of separating multidimensional traits due to the specificity of these traits corresponding to different risk behaviors. The goal of the current review paper is to make recommendations on how to apply the UPPS-P Model of Impulsive Personality, to diagnosis of and treatment for psychopathology. However, despite impulsivity being one of the most frequently used criteria for a number of clinical disorders, our review of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-5 found that the UPPS-P traits are not well represented in the diagnostic criteria, which we propose limits inferences about etiology and treatment targets. Additionally, research has largely focused on the importance of these traits for risk models; our review of the literature applying the UPPS-P traits to treatment processes and outcomes concluded that this area is not yet well studied. Here, we propose the specific application of the UPPS-P model to improve diagnosis and increase treatment effectiveness.
PubMed: 29619225
DOI: 10.1186/s40479-018-0084-x -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Sep 2018
Topics: Alloys; Creativity; Sweating; Trachea
PubMed: 29934005
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.05.021 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews May 2019Everyday complex and stressful real-life situations can overwhelm the human brain to an extent that the person is no longer able to accurately evaluate the situation and... (Review)
Review
Everyday complex and stressful real-life situations can overwhelm the human brain to an extent that the person is no longer able to accurately evaluate the situation and persists in irrational actions or strategies. Safety analyses reveal that such perseverative behavior is exhibited by operators in many critical domains, which can lead to potentially fatal incidents. There are neuroimaging evidences of changes in healthy brain functioning when engaged in non-adaptive behaviors that are akin to executive deficits such as perseveration shown in patients with brain lesion. In this respect, we suggest a cognitive continuum whereby stressors can render the healthy brain temporarily impaired. We show that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a key structure for executive and attentional control whereby any transient (stressors, neurostimulation) or permanent (lesion) impairment compromises adaptive behavior. Using this neuropsychological insight, we discuss solutions involving training, neurostimulation, and the design of cognitive countermeasures for mitigating perseveration.
Topics: Attention; Cognition; Executive Function; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Risk-Taking; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 30878500
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.006 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2022The capacity for voluntary control is seen as essential to human movements; the sense that one intended to move (willing) and those actions were self-generated... (Review)
Review
The capacity for voluntary control is seen as essential to human movements; the sense that one intended to move (willing) and those actions were self-generated (self-agency) gives the sense of voluntariness and of being in control. While the mechanisms underlying voluntary movement have long been unclear, recent neuroscientific tools have identified networks of different brain areas, namely, the prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and parietal cortex, that underlie voluntary action. Dysfunction in these brain areas can result in different forms of semivoluntary movement as the borderland of voluntary and involuntary movement where a person may experience a disordered sense of will or agency, and thus the movement is experienced as unexpected and involuntary, for an otherwise voluntary-appearing movement. Tics, functional movement disorders, stereotypies, perseveration, compulsions, utilization behaviors, and motor mannerism have been described elsewhere in the context of psychoses, and are often mistaken for each other. Yet, they reflect an impairment of prefrontal cortices and related circuits rather than simple motor systems, which results in the absence of subjective recognition of the movements, in contrast to other neurological movement disorders where principal abnormalities are located within the basal ganglia and its connections. Therefore, their recognition is clinically important since they are usually associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we first defined a conceptual framework, from both a neuroanatomical and a neurophysiological point of view, for the generation of voluntary movement. We then examined the evidence linking dysfunctions in different motor pathways to each type of movement disorder. We looked at common semivoluntary movement disorders providing an overview, where possible, of their phenomenology and brain network abnormalities for each condition. We also emphasized important clinical feature similarities and differences to increase recognition of each condition in practice.
PubMed: 35265031
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.834217 -
The Senior Care Pharmacist May 2020Anxiety disorders may be the most common mental disorder among older people. Experts estimate the prevalence of anxiety to be between 1.2% and 15% in community samples...
Anxiety disorders may be the most common mental disorder among older people. Experts estimate the prevalence of anxiety to be between 1.2% and 15% in community samples and 1% and 28% in medical settings. These patients manifest the symptoms of anxiety, and they are also at risk for increased disability, decreased health-related quality of life, and possibly mild cognitive impairment. For this reason, it is important for pharmacists to understand the challenges in assessing anxiety and the treatment options that are safe and effective for older people. Additionally, pharmacists must be able to communicate well with these patients despite their tendency to perseverate and fixate.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Prevalence; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32340656
DOI: 10.4140/TCP.n.2020.198 -
Addictive Behaviors Jan 2023According to the recent adaptation of the I-PACE model, desire thinking and craving might be closely related to problematic Internet pornography use. The overall aim of...
INTRODUCTION
According to the recent adaptation of the I-PACE model, desire thinking and craving might be closely related to problematic Internet pornography use. The overall aim of the present study was to investigate the role of two components of desire thinking (imaginal prefiguration and verbal perseveration) and craving in problematic Internet pornography use. Furthermore, we examined gender differences in the underlying mechanism linking desire thinking to problematic Internet pornography use.
METHOD
A total of 414 Italian adults (mean age = 27.55 years, SD = 6.13; age range = 18-58; 53.6 % men) participated in this study. Participants completed an online survey to assess problematic Internet pornography use, pornography craving, desire thinking and problematic Internet use. Path analyses and a multi-group approach were used to test the relationships among variables and to explore gender differences.
RESULTS
Imaginal prefiguration was associated to pornography craving which, in turn, was associated to verbal perseveration as proximal antecedent of problematic Internet pornography use, above and beyond the effect of age, relationship status, and problematic Internet use. Two paths significantly differed between men and women: the path between verbal perseveration and problematic Internet pornography, which for women was weaker and did not reach significance; and the path between problematic Internet use and problematic Internet pornography use that was not significant for women.
CONCLUSIONS
In line with the I-PACE model, the present study provided support for the potential role of desire thinking in problematic Internet pornography use as a specific Internet-use disorder and expanded the literature in the field by testing unexplored gender differences. Preventive and clinical implications are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Craving; Erotica; Female; Humans; Internet; Internet Use; Male; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thinking; Young Adult
PubMed: 36055058
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107469 -
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Aug 2023: In early stages of disease, the differential diagnosis between Parkinson's Disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism, such as Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), could...
: In early stages of disease, the differential diagnosis between Parkinson's Disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism, such as Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), could be challenging. Growing attention has recently been dedicated to investigating neuropsychological markers of degenerative parkinsonism. The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) copy score was hypothesized able to differentiate PSP from PD. However, ROCFT is a drawing test requiring multiple cognitive abilities and it is still unknown which of them assumes an important role in PSP performance. Using a qualitative scoring system, we investigated which cognitive abilities underpin the PSP performance at the ROCFT copy trial. Moreover, we evaluated usefulness of the BQSS scores in discriminating PSP from PD. : Thirty PSP-Richardson's Syndrome (PSP-RS) patients, 30 PD patients, and 30 healthy control (HC) comparable for age, education, and gender were enrolled. All subjects underwent a neuropsychological evaluation; ROCFT copy were evaluated with the 36-Point Score and with the Boston Qualitative Scoring System (BQSS). : PSP-RS patients performed worse in ROCFT 36-Point Score and in several BQSS scores compared to other groups. Most suitable scores discriminating PSP-RS from PD were "Perseveration" and "Vertical Expansion" of BQSS. A logistic regression model considering "Perseveration" and "Vertical Expansion" showed a diagnostic accuracy of 83,3% for PSP-RS condition. our findings showed that "Perseveration" and "Vertical Expansion" BQSS scores were useful in discriminating PSP-RS from PD. "Perseveration" and "Vertical Expansion" BQSS scores might be included in the cognitive evaluation along with quantitative scores when PSP diagnosis is considered.
Topics: Humans; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; Neuropsychological Tests; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Cognition
PubMed: 35997036
DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2112296