-
British Journal of Community Nursing May 2023Oral health is an essential part of a person's wellbeing. However, with increasing community nursing caseloads and more severe issues to tend to, dental hygiene might be...
Oral health is an essential part of a person's wellbeing. However, with increasing community nursing caseloads and more severe issues to tend to, dental hygiene might be overlooked in patients who are in the community. In this article, Sarah Jane Palmer discusses how nurses in the community can assess oral health, the types of assistance and provisions available/given to older adults/disabled individuals, and the extent of research and advice available for community nurses.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Oral Health; Delivery of Health Care; Nursing Homes; Disabled Persons
PubMed: 37130720
DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.5.244 -
Qualitative Health Research Jul 2017Photovoice is a group analysis method often affiliated with participatory action research (PAR). It has become increasingly popular in qualitative research with people... (Review)
Review
Photovoice is a group analysis method often affiliated with participatory action research (PAR). It has become increasingly popular in qualitative research with people with physical disabilities. This article details the results of a study that sought to understand the scope of the literature related to how photovoice is conducted with people with physical disabilities. We performed a scoping review related to use of photovoice in physical disabilities research. We identified 20 articles that featured diverse participants with physical disabilities and demonstrated a range of approaches to data collection, analysis, and dissemination. Nearly all of the articles identified used photovoice to study physical accessibility/navigation of space. Although a majority of selected articles purported to use PAR approaches, many articles demonstrated research that may not be as participatory as presumed. Based on the findings, we provide suggestions for photovoice studies that will ensure full and meaningful participation of members involved.
Topics: Community-Based Participatory Research; Disabled Persons; Equipment Design; Humans; Photography; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 28682708
DOI: 10.1177/1049732316687731 -
Rehabilitation Psychology Aug 2020Positive disability identity has been proposed as a protective factor against disability-related stressors. Personal disability identity (PDI) refers to positive...
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
Positive disability identity has been proposed as a protective factor against disability-related stressors. Personal disability identity (PDI) refers to positive self-concept as a person with a disability. The most widely used measure of PDI captures disability affirmation and disability acceptance (Hahn & Belt, 2004). The current study examined the association between PDI (i.e., acceptance and affirmation) and hope (i.e., pathways and agency). Hope is defined as a process of thinking about one's goals, including motivation to pursue goals (agency) and ways to achieve goals (pathways; Snyder et al., 1991).
METHOD
One hundred eighty-six adults with physical disabilities completed an online cross-sectional questionnaire measuring PDI, hope, personal factors, and impairment-related factors.
RESULTS
Findings from multiple linear regression indicated that agency was predicted by both disability acceptance ( < .001) and disability affirmation ( < .001), after accounting for personal and impairment factors. Presence of multiple disabilities was also found to be negatively associated with agency ( = .001). Pathways was predicted by disability acceptance ( < .001) but not disability affirmation ( = .17), after accounting for personal and impairment factors. The regression model on agency explained 50% of the variance in agency scores, a moderate effect; the model on pathways explained 36% of the variance in pathways scores, a moderate effect. Internal consistency of all instruments was supported and confirmatory factor analyses supported the use of the PDI subscales.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
By introducing hope as a correlate of disability acceptance and disability affirmation, this study provides support for the role of disability identity in promoting well-being (e.g., agency and pathways) among adults with physical disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disabled Persons; Female; Hope; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32804533
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000364 -
European Journal of Physical and... Aug 2014In the current population we observe a rise of chronic health problems often with multiple characteristics. This results in a growing number of people who are... (Review)
Review
In the current population we observe a rise of chronic health problems often with multiple characteristics. This results in a growing number of people who are experiencing long-term disabilities or difficulties in functioning because of disability. These conditions require a complex response over an extended period of time, that involves coordinated inputs from a wide range of health professionals. This paper argues the central role and benefit of rehabilitation and describes the rehabilitation as an integral component in the management of people with chronic disabilities. It also presents the most important related definitions: long-term care, rehabilitation for chronic disease and disability, the aim of physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM). An interdisciplinary team is ideal for an effective implementation of rehabilitation for chronic disease and disability. However, the article mainly focuses on defining the role and contribution of the PRM physician in the rehabilitation of persons with long-term disabilities. The article includes: descriptions of his/her key role and competencies, particularly with regard to medical and functional status and prognosis, of the ability to comprehensively define the rehabilitation needs of the patient/person with respect to ICD-WHO classification domains, of the cooperation with other medical specialists and health professionals, of determining the rehabilitation potential, of developing the rehabilitation plan tailored to specific needs, as well as of the contribution of PRM physician in the follow-up care pathways.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Disabled Persons; Disease Management; Humans; Long-Term Care; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
PubMed: 25061984
DOI: No ID Found -
Spinal Cord Nov 2022Scoping review. (Review)
Review
STUDY DESIGN
Scoping review.
OBJECTIVES
To describe the meaning of cognitive appraisals, their relation with outcome. measures, and adapted appraisal scales after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in the existing literature.
METHODS
This review was performed according to the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework that consisted of five steps: setting the review question, searching the literature, selecting and classifying the studies, charting the data, and summarizing the results. Published articles from 1990 to 16 May 2020 related to cognitive appraisal, persons with traumatic SCI (TSCI), and persons older than 18 years were identified by searching by key terms in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase).
RESULTS
The included studies (n = 26) were categorized into three categories. Categories focused on the meanings of cognitive appraisals following TSCI (i.e., appraisals being complex and context-related, or in general definition how persons with TSCI interpret their disability and how they evaluate the resources available to respond to it), the relationship between cognitive appraisals and physical/psychological/social/ outcomes, and appraisals of disability (including the use of appraisals as a predictor of subsequent positive or negative consequences).
CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrated that a cognitive appraisal of TSCI is critical to longer-term rehabilitation outcomes. A combination of physical and psychological-based interventions can help to modify negative or dysfunctional appraisals. Cognitive appraisal in TSCI seems to vary from person to person. To predict it and develop a rehabilitation plan, future research needs to focus on the relationship between cognitive appraisal and person-related factors, including demographic characteristics.
Topics: Humans; Spinal Cord Injuries; Disabled Persons; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Cognition
PubMed: 35523953
DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00756-3 -
Rehabilitation Psychology Nov 2020To inform the field of rehabilitation psychology about the impacts of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on the disability community in the United States and the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To inform the field of rehabilitation psychology about the impacts of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on the disability community in the United States and the additional sources of stress and trauma disabled people face during these times.
METHOD
A review of the literature on disability and COVID-19 is provided, with an emphasis on sources of trauma and stress that disproportionately impact the disability community and the ways in which disability intersects with other marginalized identities in the context of trauma and the pandemic. We also reflect on the potential impacts on the field of psychology and the ways in which psychologists, led by rehabilitation psychologists, can support disabled clients and the broader disability community at both the individual client and systemic levels.
RESULTS
The COVID-19 pandemic introduces unique potential sources of trauma and stress within the disability community, including concerns about health care rationing and ableism in health care, isolation, and the deaths and illnesses of loved ones and community members.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
Rehabilitation psychologists and other professionals should be aware of the potential for trauma and stress among disabled clients and work with them to mitigate its effects. Additionally, psychologists should also work with the disability community and disabled colleagues to address systemic and institutional ableism and its intersections with other forms of oppression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: COVID-19; Disabled Persons; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Stress, Psychological; United States; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 33119381
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000368 -
Rehabilitation Psychology Aug 2022Purpose/Objective Research: Stigma is a common experience for people with disabilities. Stigmatization may lead to disparities in education, employment, and health care,...
UNLABELLED
Purpose/Objective Research: Stigma is a common experience for people with disabilities. Stigmatization may lead to disparities in education, employment, and health care, quality of life, and psychological distress. This study's purpose was to (a) determine the relationship between number of disability conditions and stigma for adults with disabilities; and (b) examine whether identifying as a person with a disability, noticeability of a disability or gender moderate relationship between number of disability conditions and stigma.
RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN
We conducted secondary analyses of data from the Disability Health Identity survey, originally collected in 2017 ( = 711).
RESULTS
Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated the association between number of disability conditions and stigma was not significant (.567). However, the association between number of disability conditions and stigma was modified by noticeability ( = .007). The relationship between number of disability conditions and stigma was stronger for people with more noticeable disabilities.
CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS
This research is important because it increases understanding of factors that may play a role in stigma experiences for people with disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Disabled Persons; Employment; Humans; Quality of Life; Social Stigma; Stereotyping
PubMed: 35420866
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000446 -
Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita 2020The huge increase of people with mental and intellectual disability worldwide, and the advocacy capacity achieved by these patients, which culminated in the Convention... (Review)
Review
The huge increase of people with mental and intellectual disability worldwide, and the advocacy capacity achieved by these patients, which culminated in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), came along the shifts in the way governments deliver public services. In particular, in the last decades, many countries examined how to provide a person with disabilities an acceptable social functioning, improve wellbeing, according to the principles of equity, solidarity and participation. A new political and social-health model was born, called "welfare community", users are protagonists of their health project and the resources put in place assume an investment character on the community and its economic development. Personalisation of social and health services is also considered in many countries as a "new mode of care", although in different forms depending on financial aspect and recipients. The present article is a narrative review that examines and summarize international research and non-research material to survey the different implementation strategies of personalisation in different countries, with a special focus on Italy, in attempting to provide conceptual clarity about this topic in terms of opportunities and pitfalls.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Italy; Mental Disorders; Patient-Centered Care; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 32567569
DOI: 10.4415/ANN_20_02_09 -
Medical Care Sep 2020In 2003, national disability-associated health care expenditures (DAHE) were $398 billion. Updated estimates will improve our understanding of current DAHE.
BACKGROUND
In 2003, national disability-associated health care expenditures (DAHE) were $398 billion. Updated estimates will improve our understanding of current DAHE.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to estimate national DAHE for the US adult population and analyze spending by insurance and service categories and to assess changes in spending over the past decade.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Data from the 2013-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used to estimate DAHE for noninstitutionalized adults. These estimates were reconciled with National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA) data and adjusted to 2017 medical prices. Expenditures for institutionalized adults were added from NHEA data.
MEASURES
National DAHE in total, by insurance and service categories, and percentage of total expenditures associated with disability.
RESULTS
DAHE in 2015 were $868 billion (at 2017 prices), representing 36% of total national health care spending (up from 27% in 2003). DAHE per person with disability increased from $13,395 in 2003 to $17,431 in 2015, whereas nondisability per-person spending remained constant (about $6700). Public insurers paid 69% of DAHE. Medicare paid the largest portion ($324.7 billion), and Medicaid DAHE were $277.2 billion. More than half (54%) of all Medicare expenditures and 72% of all Medicaid expenditures were associated with disability.
CONCLUSIONS
The share of health care expenditures associated with disability has increased substantially over the past decade. The high proportion of DAHE paid by public insurers reinforces the importance of public programs designed to improve health care for people with disabilities and emphasizes the need for evaluating programs and health services available to this vulnerable population.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Chronic Disease; Disabled Persons; Female; Health Expenditures; Humans; Male; Medicaid; Medicare; Middle Aged; Physical Functional Performance; Racial Groups; Residence Characteristics; Sex Factors; Social Work; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Work Capacity Evaluation
PubMed: 32826747
DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001371 -
The American Journal of Geriatric... Mar 2021Assess a conceptual model linking caregiving factors to care recipient mortality in a large representative sample of older adults with disability.
OBJECTIVE
Assess a conceptual model linking caregiving factors to care recipient mortality in a large representative sample of older adults with disability.
DESIGN
Descriptive longitudinal study with 5-year mortality follow-up among older adults with disability. Baseline in person and telephone interviews/assessments of older adults with disability and their family caregivers carried out in 2011.
SETTING
Representative samples of older US population and their family caregivers.
PARTICIPANTS
US representative samples of older adults with disability aged 65 and over (National Health and Aging Study) and their family caregivers (National Study of Caregiving; www.nhats.org; N = 1,262).
MEASUREMENT
Controlling for known risk factors for mortality in older adults, including age, gender, race, education, socioeconomic status, disability, and cognitive status, we assess the role of three caregiving factors (depression, anxiety, and burden) and three mediating factors (care recipient depression, anxiety, and unmet needs for care) as predictors of care recipient mortality.
RESULTS
Caregiver burden, care recipient depression, and care recipient unmet needs are independent predictors of care recipient mortality.
CONCLUSION
Caregiving factors may play an important role in the survival of their care recipients. This is a relatively unexplored research area that calls for fine-grained studies capturing caregiver-care recipient health-related interactions over time.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety; Caregiver Burden; Caregivers; Depression; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prognosis; Stress, Psychological; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32718853
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.025