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Journal of Personality and Social... Jan 2018Psychological inquiry into humility has advanced considerably over the past decade, yet this literature suffers from 2 notable limitations. First, there is no clear...
Psychological inquiry into humility has advanced considerably over the past decade, yet this literature suffers from 2 notable limitations. First, there is no clear consensus among researchers about what humility is, and conceptualizations vary considerably across studies. Second, researchers have uniformly operationalized humility as a positive, socially desirable construct, while dismissing evidence from lay opinion and theological and philosophical traditions suggesting that humility may also have a darker side. To redress these issues, we conducted the first comprehensive, bottom-up analysis of the psychological structure of humility. Here we report 5 studies (total N = 1,479) that involve: (a) cluster analysis and categorization of humility-related words, generated by both lay persons and academic experts; (b) exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of momentary and dispositional humility experiences; and (c) experimental induction of a momentary humility experience. Across these studies, we found converging evidence that humility can take 2 distinct forms, which we labeled "appreciative" and "self-abasing" humility. Appreciative humility tends to be elicited by personal success, involve action tendencies oriented toward celebrating others, and is positively associated with dispositions such as authentic pride, guilt, and prestige-based status. In contrast, self-abasing humility tends to be elicited by personal failure, involves negative self-evaluations and action tendencies oriented toward hiding from others' evaluations, and is associated with dispositions such as shame, low self-esteem, and submissiveness. Together, these findings provide a systematic and empirically grounded understanding of humility. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adult; Cluster Analysis; Emotions; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Male; Personality; Self-Assessment; Social Desirability; Young Adult
PubMed: 27454926
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000112 -
The Journal of Psychology 2022We examined how individuals' personality relates to various attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI). Attitudes were organized into two dimensions of affective...
We examined how individuals' personality relates to various attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI). Attitudes were organized into two dimensions of affective components (positive and negative emotions) and two dimensions of cognitive components (sociality and functionality). For personality, we focused on the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness) and personal innovativeness in information technology. Based on a survey of 1,530 South Korean adults, we found that extraversion was related to negative emotions and low functionality. Agreeableness was associated with both positive and negative emotions, and it was positively associated with sociality and functionality. Conscientiousness was negatively related to negative emotions, and it was associated with high functionality, but also with low sociality. Neuroticism was related to negative emotions, but also to high sociality. Openness was positively linked to functionality, but did not predict other attitudes when other proximal predictors were included (e.g. prior use, personal innovativeness). Personal innovativeness in information technology consistently showed positive attitudes toward AI across all four dimensions. These findings provide mixed support for our hypotheses, and we discuss specific implications for future research and practice.
Topics: Adult; Artificial Intelligence; Attitude; Emotions; Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Personality
PubMed: 35015615
DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.2012109 -
Clinical Psychology Review Nov 2017The person-centred typological approach to personality makes the distinction between overcontrolled and undercontrolled personality types. This review systematically... (Review)
Review
The person-centred typological approach to personality makes the distinction between overcontrolled and undercontrolled personality types. This review systematically searched for research on the utility of these personality types in adult mental health. A total of 43 papers were included, which were divided broadly into cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies and studies with clinical populations. Three personality types have been largely replicated in both normal and clinical populations: resilients, overcontrollers and undercontrollers. These types show utility in predicting long-term functioning and mental health, understanding heterogeneous personalities within clinical subgroups and have implications for treatment. Some disagreement on the number of personality types deemed replicable across samples and differing methodologies do exist, with some finding a dimensional approach to personality to have greater predictive utility. These personality types have been shown to be important in a number of mental health problems such as eating disorders, which may prove helpful in developing new psychological interventions. These studies point to the importance of overcontrolled personality types as well as undercontrolled in mental health. More research is needed with a greater range of clinical populations.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 28850932
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.07.005 -
Personality Disorders Oct 2016This paper examines the empirical associations of a relatively broad and inclusive list of personality-related problems with both the high and low poles of the...
This paper examines the empirical associations of a relatively broad and inclusive list of personality-related problems with both the high and low poles of the five-factor model of personality (FFM). Several studies have documented links between impaired functioning and the FFM, but these associations have largely been confined to the socially undesirable poles. In this study, a list of 310 personality-related problems was developed and administered to a large college student sample along with the International Personality Item Pool Representation of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (IPIP-NEO) and an experimental manipulation of the NEO PI-R items (EXP-NEO). Numerous problems were associated with both poles of each trait domain and facet of the FFM, but both the IPIP-NEO and EXP-NEO were required to capture problems at both ends. Potential implications of emphasizing problems at one or both poles of trait continua are discussed. Future research should evaluate the structure and inclusiveness of the current list of personality-related problems against other representations of problem behavior, examine base rates of problems in other populations, and seek to understand the psychological mechanisms that might explain associations of problems across the full range of trait continua. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Personality; Personality Disorders; Problem Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 27018821
DOI: 10.1037/per0000185 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2020People with acne vulgaris report a lower level of satisfaction with life and are more frequently classified as having Type D personalities than those without acne. This...
People with acne vulgaris report a lower level of satisfaction with life and are more frequently classified as having Type D personalities than those without acne. This research examined, for the first time, the moderating and mediating role of personality type in the relationship between acne severity and satisfaction with life. Among 300 female nursing and cosmetology students ranging in age from 19 to 24 years (M = 21.28, SD = 1.39), 150 individuals (50%) presented with symptoms of acne vulgaris (AV group), while the other 150 (50%) were categorized as controls without acne vulgaris (WAV sample). A cross-sectional study was conducted using three self-report questionnaires: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Framingham Type A Scale (FTAS), and the Type D Scale (DS14). Acne vulgaris was clinically diagnosed using the Hellgren-Vincent Scale (HVS). The AV group scored significantly higher on the FTAS and DS14 and lower on the SWLS than the WAV sample. Life satisfaction correlated negatively with both the negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) subscales of the DS14. The moderating role of the Type A behavioral pattern (TABP) and the mediating role of both NA and SI subscales of the DS14 were observed in the relationship between acne severity and satisfaction with life. The type of personality may explain the mechanism of the relationship between acne disease and subjective well-being. Therefore, psychological interventions and strategies focused on managing stress and mood may effectively improve satisfaction with life in people with acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Type A Personality; Type D Personality; Young Adult
PubMed: 33212977
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228524 -
Journal of Occupational Health... Jan 2017The present study examines the role of personality in the relationship between bullying at work and the subjective well-being of employees. The study was conducted with...
The present study examines the role of personality in the relationship between bullying at work and the subjective well-being of employees. The study was conducted with 359 participating employees of administrative bodies, the police force, and the health care sector. Four selected groups of persons with various personality profiles based on the 5-factor model underwent analysis. The obtained results attest to a protective role of a configuration of low neuroticism, high agreeableness, and high conscientiousness and a configuration of low neuroticism, high extraversion, and high openness to experience. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anxiety Disorders; Bullying; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Inventory; Poland; Self Concept; Stress, Psychological; Workplace; Young Adult
PubMed: 27158742
DOI: 10.1037/a0040320 -
Journal of Personality and Social... May 2020Personality traits and vocational interests capture different aspects of human individuality that intersect in certain ways. In this longitudinal study, we examined...
Personality traits and vocational interests capture different aspects of human individuality that intersect in certain ways. In this longitudinal study, we examined developmental relations between the Big 5 traits and RIASEC vocational interests over 4 timepoints from late adolescence to young adulthood (age 16-24) in a sample of Icelandic youth (N = 485) well-representative of the total student population. Results showed that interests and personality traits were similarly stable over time, but showed different patterns of mean-level change. There was evidence of personality maturation but a lack of cumulative changes in interest levels. For the most part, gender differences in developmental trends were minimal. In addition, latent growth curve analyses revealed broad and specific correlated changes between personality and interests. Changes in general factors of personality and interests were moderately related (r = .32), but stronger correlated changes were found among specific personality-interest pairs that share situational content. Overall, results reveal how interests and personality are related across different types of continuity and change. While there was little correspondence between group-level changes, substantial correlated change occurred at the individual level. This means that when a person's personality changes, their interests tend to change in predictable ways (and vice versa). Integrative theories that link different aspects of psychological functioning can benefit by incorporating these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Human Development; Humans; Iceland; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Personality; Personality Development; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30614731
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000228 -
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... May 2023Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin picking disorder (SPD) result in significant psychosocial burden. Despite this burden, however, risk factors related to the development...
BACKGROUND
Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin picking disorder (SPD) result in significant psychosocial burden. Despite this burden, however, risk factors related to the development of these disorders remain unclear. The present study assessed temperament in a well-characterized sample of adults with TTM or SPD.
METHODS
A total of 202 adults age 18 to 65 were enrolled; 44 had TTM, 30 had SPD, and 128 served as controls. Participants completed the self-report Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) to examine the severity of TTM and SPD symptoms, quality of life, and temperament. Group differences were characterized and correlations with other measures were examined.
RESULTS
Compared to controls, those with TTM or SPD scored significantly higher on harm avoidance and its subscales, with TTM associated with higher scores than SPD. Those with TTM or SPD scored significantly higher on only 1 measure of novelty seeking (extravagance). Higher TPQ harm avoidance correlated with worse hair pulling severity and worse quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS
The temperament traits of participants with TTM or SPD differed in significant ways from controls; those with TTM or SPD generally demonstrated similar trait profiles. A dimensional approach to the personalities of those with TTM or SPD may offer insight and provide clues to treatment strategies.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Trichotillomania; Temperament; Quality of Life; Personality Disorders; Personality
PubMed: 37074974
DOI: 10.12788/acp.0096 -
Journal of Personality Apr 2023Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in...
OBJECTIVE
Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in preparation for a leadership role and due to increasing leadership experience?
METHOD
Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we examined personality differences between leaders (N = 2683 leaders, women: n = 967; 36.04%) and non-leaders (N = 33,663) as well as personality changes before and after becoming a leader.
RESULTS
Already in the years before starting a leadership position, leaders-to-be were more extraverted, open, emotionally stable, conscientious, and willing to take risks, felt to have greater control, and trusted others more than non-leaders. Moreover, personality changed in emergent leaders: While approaching a leadership position, leaders-to-be (especially men) became gradually more extraverted, open, and willing to take risks and felt to have more control over their life. After becoming a leader, they became less extraverted, less willing to take risks, and less conscientious but gained self-esteem.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that people are not simply "born to be leaders" but that their personalities change considerably in preparation for a leadership role and due to leadership experience. Some changes are transient, but others last for a long time.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Personality; Leadership; Personality Disorders; Self Concept; Emotions
PubMed: 35428997
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12719 -
Aging & Mental Health Dec 2022Personality can influence older adults' health and quality of life. However, the pathways are relatively less examined. This study aimed to understand the mediating...
Personality can influence older adults' health and quality of life. However, the pathways are relatively less examined. This study aimed to understand the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between two personality traits-neuroticism and extraversion-and Hong Kong Chinese older adults' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Whether such effect varied across older adults in different financial conditions were also examined. A purposive non-probability sample of 253 Hong Kong Chinese older adults aged 60 and above was recruited for a face-to-face questionnaire survey. Neuroticism and extraversion were measured using the subscales form the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Resilience was measured by the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). HRQoL was measured by the short-form 8 (SF- 8). Path analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between key variables. Multi-group path analysis was also performed to investigate whether the pathways differed by financial status. Indirect effects were computed in the path analyses to detect the mediatory role of resilience between personalities and HRQoL. The findings included that after controlling for confounders, neuroticism, but not extraversion was significantly associated with HRQoL. The relationships were mediated by resilience. Moreover, the mediating role of resilience is more pronounced among the participants who live in a financially poor or fair condition, comparing to their wealthier peers. This study confirmed the important role of personality in shaping older adults' resilience and quality of life. Personality should be kept in mind in the identification of potential vulnerable groups for interventions, especially those in financial hardships who may face double disadvantages.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Quality of Life; Hong Kong; Resilience, Psychological; Personality; Extraversion, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34904489
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2000936