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Environmental Science. Processes &... Dec 2023The formation and sedimentation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) is the major method to transport spilled oil to the seafloor. In this study, the formation and...
The formation and sedimentation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) is the major method to transport spilled oil to the seafloor. In this study, the formation and sedimentation experiments of OMA using montmorillonite and four crude oils were performed in a wave tank in the presence of chemical dispersant. Most of the formed OMAs were droplet OMAs, and single droplet OMA would aggregate into multiple ones under the action of the dispersant. The size of the oil droplets trapped in the OMA increased with time and was larger for the oil with higher viscosity. The sinking velocities of OMAs formed in this study were between 100-1200 μm s and they were positively correlated with their diameter. The density of OMA was of the same order as that of the crude oil that formed them. An increase in the dispersant dosage could promote the formation of OMAs. The oil content in OMAs was higher for the denser oil in the presence of a dispersant. The maximum oil trapping efficiency of OMAs was 48.05%. This study provides fundamental data on the formation kinetics of OMAs.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Petroleum; Mineral Oil; Geologic Sediments; Petroleum Pollution; Bentonite
PubMed: 37786335
DOI: 10.1039/d3em00327b -
Biological Research Sep 2021Improving the nutritional condition of grapevine in spring to regulate bloom, fruit set, and yield is among the management goals of vineyards.
Effects of foliar spray of agricultural grade mineral oil in springtime, in combination with potassium and calcium sulfates on the phenological and biophysical indices of clusters, and foliar nutritional levels in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Sultana (Id. Thompson seedless, Sultanina).
BACKGROUND
Improving the nutritional condition of grapevine in spring to regulate bloom, fruit set, and yield is among the management goals of vineyards.
METHODS
In the present study, the early season spray of calcium sulfate (C; 0.00 and 2.00%), potassium sulfate (K; 0.00 and 3.00%), and agricultural grade mineral oil (V; 0.00 and 1.00%) on flower and fruit phenology, nutrient concentration, and cluster biophysical indices and yield of Sultana grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated for two consecutive years.
RESULTS
Based on the results, the spray of this nutrient combined with mineral oil significantly affected all the treatments except cluster length, berry length, and phosphorus concentration. The highest concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained in the vines treated with VKC, and the highest concentrations of zinc and iron were obtained only in the vines treated with mineral oil. In treatments containing mineral oil, especially in combination with the second level of calcium and potassium (VKC), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were delayed by 3, 3, and 6 days compared with control vines. While in vines treated with a combination of the second level of potassium and calcium (VKC), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were advanced by 5, 4, and 1.50 days, respectively, compared with control vines. Regarding the biophysical indices of the cluster, it was found that the vines treated with VKC had higher cluster weight, berry weight, fruit, and raisins yield than other treatments. Also, the highest berry quality, including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenol content, were obtained in the vines treated with VKC. However, the lowest berry quality was observed in the vines treated with mineral oil.
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, the combination of nutrients with mineral oil can alleviate the adverse effect of mineral oil solely on some phenological indices and berry quality-related traits in vineyards.
Topics: Calcium Sulfate; Fruit; Mineral Oil; Potassium; Vitis
PubMed: 34496968
DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00353-3 -
Journal of Cosmetic Science 2019Petrolatum is a mixture of hydrocarbons that is widely used as a moisturizer. It is incorporated in bodywash formulations to help hydrate and maintain healthy skin...
Petrolatum is a mixture of hydrocarbons that is widely used as a moisturizer. It is incorporated in bodywash formulations to help hydrate and maintain healthy skin appearance. The aim of this study was to investigate skin deposition and penetration of petrolatum from an experimental bodywash system consisting of petrolatum . Experiments were performed using cadaver split-thickness skin and Franz diffusion cells. Radiolabeled C-dotriacontane (C-alkane) was used as a model permeant for petrolatum. The bodywash was applied on the skin and subsequently rinsed. At predetermined time points, the skin was wiped to remove the residual material on the surface, and tape-stripping was performed. Petrolatum was observed to deposit from the bodywash when applied on split-thickness skin with simulated rinsing. Petrolatum then penetrated into the stratum corneum and was detected at the depth of 12 tape-stripping and in the epidermis. The bodywash formulation could provide significant deposition and penetration of petrolatum into the stratum corneum at 1-72 hours postapplication.
Topics: Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Petrolatum; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 31596229
DOI: No ID Found -
Waste Management & Research : the... Jan 2023Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were broadly applied worldwide as electrical insulators in transformers and power capacitors, due to their high dielectric constant and...
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were broadly applied worldwide as electrical insulators in transformers and power capacitors, due to their high dielectric constant and non-flammability. They were often added to mineral oils (MOs) and used as dielectric fluids, which are nowadays classified as hazardous waste. Indeed, the Stockholm Convention aims to eliminate the use of equipment with PCB content greater than 0.005 wt-% (=50 ppm) by 2025. Accurate identification and quantification of small traces of PCBs contained in MO thus represent a great analytical challenge. To achieve this goal, a simple, cost-effective and fast chromatographic process was developed to separate PCBs from MO, allowing to obtain reliable data to determine the concentration of PCBs, reduced to 2-3 ppm. Experimental and analytical methods, such as thin layer chromatography, column chromatography as well as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy, were applied to acquire a high level of qualitative and quantitative determination of PCBs in transformer MOs.
Topics: Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Mineral Oil; Electric Power Supplies
PubMed: 35876087
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X221105436 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Mar 2019Mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOSH/MOAH) are food contaminants, mainly due migration from packaging materials made from recycled fibers, but other...
Mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOSH/MOAH) are food contaminants, mainly due migration from packaging materials made from recycled fibers, but other routes of entry into food have also been identified. Legal limits for MOSH and MOAH in food and food contact materials currently are not set, but are to be expected in the near future. For the analysis of MOSH and MOAH, the very well developed and highly automated on-line liquid chromatography-gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (LC-GC-FID) is commonly used. However, this approach is time-consuming, and data interpretation is a very challenging task. Therefore, a planar solid phase extraction (pSPE) method was developed for a rapid and efficient MOSH and MOAH screening in paper and cardboard. Based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), pSPE offers the simultaneous clean-up and analysis of up to 20 samples in parallel, while MOSH and MOAH analytes were focused in two distinct target zones on silica gel HPTLC plates after a twofold development. Plate impregnation with primuline allowed the detection of MOSH by fluorescence, while MOAH were detected by UV light absorption. The pSPE screening approach provided limits of detection of 7.2 and 2.3 ng/zone for MOSH and MOAH, respectively, corresponding to 1.8 and 0.6 mg/kg paper. Coupling of pSPE with GC revealed the common MOSH and MOAH peak humps, while marker substances offered the identification of the mineral oil origin or information about recycled fiber materials. As compared to SPE-GC-FID analyses, the determined quantities of MOSH and MOAH in cardboard samples indicated pSPE as a rapid and suitable screening tool. The co-migration of polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons, native n-alkanes, terpenes and possibly essential oils or sterol esters, however, can result in an overestimation of MOSH and MOAH. Hence, samples with pSPE results above a given limit are subsequently analyzed by GC (pSPE-GC) for confirmation and detailed evaluation.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Liquid; Food Contamination; Food Packaging; Food Safety; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Mineral Oil; Paper; Silica Gel; Solid Phase Extraction
PubMed: 30591246
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.043 -
Physiology & Behavior Mar 2017Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? To investigate, we first established some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow that mice strongly...
Does eating good-tasting food influence body weight? To investigate, we first established some concentrations of sucralose and mineral oil in chow that mice strongly preferred. Then, in Experiment 1, we compared groups of 16 mice fed plain chow (i.e., chow with no additives) to groups fed chow with added (a) sucralose, (b) mineral oil, (c) sucralose and mineral oil, or (d) sucralose on odd days and mineral oil on even days. During a 6-week test, the body weights and body compositions of the five groups never differed. In Experiment 2, we compared groups of 18 mice fed plain chow or plain high-fat diet to groups fed these diets with added sucralose. During a 9-week test, the high-fat diet caused weight gain, but the body weights of mice fed the sucralose-sweetened diets did not differ from those fed the corresponding plain versions. Two-cup choice tests conducted at the end of each experiment showed persisting strong preferences for the diets with added sucralose and/or mineral oil. In concert with earlier work, our results challenge the hypothesis that the orosensory properties of a food influence body weight gain. A good taste can stimulate food intake acutely, and guide selection toward nutrient-dense foods that cause weight gain, but it does not determine how much is eaten chronically.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Composition; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Energy Intake; Food Preferences; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mineral Oil; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Taste Perception; Weight Gain
PubMed: 27988248
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.013 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2022Psoriasis, despite modern therapeutic options, is incurable and recurrent. In Unani (Greco-Arab) medicine, many medications and formulations have been prescribed by... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Psoriasis, despite modern therapeutic options, is incurable and recurrent. In Unani (Greco-Arab) medicine, many medications and formulations have been prescribed by eminent scholars for conditions clinically similar to psoriasis, though empirical evidence is sparse. Hence, the experimental formulations ItrīfalShāhtra and MarhamḤina were chosen to be compared to the standard therapies PUVAsol and petrolatum for their safety and efficacy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This open-label, randomized control clinical trial was conducted on 66 male and female participants with chronic plaque psoriasis, ranging in age from 18 to 65 years. In each group, 33 participants were block randomized to either receive Unani formulations or control drugs for 12 weeks. The Unani group received oral Itrīfal Shāhtra (a semisolid paste) and topical MarhamḤina (an ointment) twice daily, and the control group received oral 8-methoxypsoralen and topical petroleum jelly for local application. Participants of both groups were advised to get daily sunlight exposure for 5-15 min. The primary outcome measure was the change in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) assessed at each visit. Secondary outcome measures were patient global assessment on a 100 mm VAS applied at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment and change in subjective parameters including erythema, induration, scaling, and itching, assessed on a 5-point scale at every visit. Hemogram, LFTs, RFTs, CXR, ECG, urine, and stool tests were all assessed at baseline and after treatment for the safety of the drugs.
RESULTS
The per-protocol analysis was done on 25 participants in each group. The mean ± SD of the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) significantly decreased from 27.88 ± 12.01 and 23.61 ± 9.79 at baseline to 5.01 ± 4.59 and 9.85 ± 7.16 after completion of the trial therapies in both Unani and control groups, respectively. Also, the test formulations outperformed the control drugs on clinically significant endpoints, PASI 50 and PASI 75, with all 25 participants achieving PASI 50 and 76% achieving PASI 75.
CONCLUSION
The trial formulations, ItrīfalShāhtra and MarhamḤina may be superior to control drugs PUVAsol and petrolatum in terms of safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Thus, the Unani formulations may further be evaluated in a well-designed multicentric superiority trial with an adequate sample size.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Petrolatum; Psoriasis; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 35724745
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115456 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Nov 2022Alkyl glucosides are nonionic surfactants that are increasingly used in personal care products.
BACKGROUND
Alkyl glucosides are nonionic surfactants that are increasingly used in personal care products.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize positive patch test reactions to decyl glucoside (5% petrolatum, tested 2009-2018) and lauryl glucoside (3% petrolatum, tested 2017-2018).
METHODS
Retrospective analysis of patients tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group.
RESULTS
Of 24,097 patients patch tested to decyl and/or lauryl glucoside, 470 (2.0%) had positive reactions. Compared with glucoside-negative patients, glucoside-positive patients had higher odds of occupational skin disease (13.4% vs 10.1%; P = .0207), history of hay fever (38.5% vs 31.6%; P = .0014), atopic dermatitis (39.0% vs 28.6%; P < .0001), and/or asthma (21.8% vs 16.5%; P = .0023). Most glucoside reactions (83.9%) were currently relevant. The most common source was personal care products (63.0%), especially hair products (16.5%) and skin cleansers (15.2%). Of 4933 patients tested to decyl and lauryl glucoside, 134 (2.7%) were positive to 1 or both; 43.4% (43 of 99) of decyl-positive patients were also positive to lauryl glucoside and 55.1% (43/78) of lauryl glucoside patients were also positive to decyl glucoside.
LIMITATIONS
The cohort predominantly reflects a referral population, and follow-up after testing was not captured.
CONCLUSION
Glucoside positivity occurred in 2.0% of the tested patients. Reactions were often clinically relevant and linked to personal care products. Cross-reactivity was >40%.
Topics: Allergens; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Glucosides; Humans; North America; Patch Tests; Petrolatum; Retrospective Studies; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 35551968
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.04.058 -
Wound Management & Prevention May 2020Treating postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence following abdominal surgery using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown promising results.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Compared to Petrolatum Gauze and a Bogota Bag to Manage Postoperative Midline Abdominal Wound Dehiscence: A Pilot, Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.
UNLABELLED
Treating postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence following abdominal surgery using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown promising results.
PURPOSE
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NPWT for fascial closure/cutaneous cover compared to non-NPWT treatment using petrolatum gauze and a Bogota bag in patients with postoperative laparotomy wound dehiscence.
METHODS
A single center, prospective, nonrandomized pilot study was conducted. Using convenience sampling methods, consecutive patients on 6 different surgical units who were at least 18 years of age and who developed postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence following elective and emergency laparotomy from January 2017 to December 2018 were recruited. NPWT dressing with polyvinyl white foam sponge or loosely packed, saline-soaked petrolatum gauze followed by Bogota bag application were used and compared. Baseline patient demographics and history were collected, and patients were followed for an average of 6 months after surgery. Number of days until first signs of granulation tissue appearance, time until complete granulation tissue cover/fascial surgical closure, and hospital discharge were compared. Categorical variables (gender, comorbidities, presence or absence of stoma, exposure to prior radiotherapy) were expressed as proportions and analyzed using chi-squared test or Fischer's exact test. Continuous variables such as age, body mass index, albumin, postoperative hospital stay, and number of days required for decision for fascial closure were expressed as Mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using an independent t test or Mann Whitney U test based on whether the data followed normal distribution. Postoperative day of wound dehiscence, the number of days for the appearance of granulation tissue, and the number of NPWT placements required also were assessed using Mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using an independent t test. A P value <.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
Sixty (60) patients were included, but 4 in NPWT group and 10 in the non-NPWT group could not complete the study, leaving 26 patients in NPWT group and 20 patients in non-NPWT group. Demographic and surgical variables were not significantly different. Patients in both groups achieved complete wound coverage by surgical closure or healing by secondary intention. Days until first signs of granulation tissue (2.92 vs. 6.65; P <.001), number of days until fascial closure (15.50 vs. 29.50; P <.001), and length of postoperative hospital stay (24.30 vs. 37.90; P <.001) were significantly less in NPWT group. Two (2) patients (7.6%) in the NPWT developed a fistula during the 6-month follow-up period. No fistulas developed in the control group, and no intra-abdominal abscesses, ventral hernias, or wound dehiscence were reported in either group.
CONCLUSION
Time until first signs of granulation tissue appearance and complete granulation tissue coverage was significantly shorter in the NPWT group, but time until definitive closure was not evaluated. Randomized, controlled clinical studies to compare definitive time to wound closure and long-term follow up to evaluate long-term complication rates, including the risk of developing fistulas, are warranted.
Topics: Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques; Adult; Bandages; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Petrolatum; Pilot Projects; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 32401733
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oleo Science Aug 2023Raw materials suitable for a sustainable society have attracted interest in the cosmetics industry. We focused on rice bran as a sustainable material and evaluated the...
Raw materials suitable for a sustainable society have attracted interest in the cosmetics industry. We focused on rice bran as a sustainable material and evaluated the gelation behavior of paraffin extracted from rice bran (rice paraffin) against liquid paraffin, squalane, jojoba oil, and silicone oil. In addition, the frictional properties of the prepared organogel on an artificial skin surface were evaluated using a sinusoidal motion friction evaluation system. Rice paraffin solidified all oils even at the lowest wax concentration of 5 wt%. The hardness and kinetic friction coefficient μ increased with an increase in the wax composition. The hardness and μ of organogels solidified with rice paraffin were smaller than those of gels solidified with petroleum-derived paraffin. These differences are caused by the smaller carbon amount of rice paraffin. The friction parameters depended on the type of oil: the μ of RLG composed of rice and liquid paraffin was greater than that of the other three oils (R, L, and G denote rice paraffin, liquid paraffin, and gel, respectively). These findings promote the development of lipsticks and cleansing gels consisting of sustainable development goal-responsive raw materials.
Topics: Paraffin; Oryza; Mineral Oil; Friction; Oils; Gels; Rice Bran Oil
PubMed: 37468272
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23023