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Pharmacogenomics Nov 2018
Topics: Humans; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Pharmacogenetics; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 30334480
DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0132 -
Omics : a Journal of Integrative Biology Mar 2021
Topics: Genomics; Nutrigenomics; Pharmacogenetics; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 33513040
DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0003 -
Human Genetics Jun 2022Pharmaceutical companies have increasingly utilized genomic data for the selection of drug targets and the development of precision medicine approaches. Most major... (Review)
Review
Pharmaceutical companies have increasingly utilized genomic data for the selection of drug targets and the development of precision medicine approaches. Most major pharmaceutical companies routinely collect DNA from clinical trial participants and conduct pharmacogenomic (PGx) studies. However, the implementation of PGx studies during clinical development presents a number of challenges. These challenges include adapting to a constantly changing global regulatory environment, challenges in study design and clinical implementation, and the increasing concerns over patient privacy. Advances in the field of genomics are also providing new opportunities for pharmaceutical companies, including the availability of large genomic databases linked to patient health information, the growing use of polygenic risk scores, and the direct sequencing of clinical trial participants. The Industry Pharmacogenomics Working Group (I-PWG) is an association of pharmaceutical companies actively working in the field of pharmacogenomics. This I-PWG perspective will provide an overview of the steps pharmaceutical companies are taking to address each of these challenges, and the approaches being taken to capitalize on emerging scientific opportunities.
Topics: DNA; Genomics; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 34081195
DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02282-3 -
Journal of the American College of... May 2018
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomic Testing; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride
PubMed: 29699613
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.021 -
Pharmacogenomics Jan 2021Pharmacogenomics is considered to be the low-hanging fruit in the tree of genomic medicine with numerous examples of its successful implementation in the clinic. In this... (Review)
Review
Pharmacogenomics is considered to be the low-hanging fruit in the tree of genomic medicine with numerous examples of its successful implementation in the clinic. In this perspective, we provide details about the potential clinical application of pharmacogenomics in African populations by using relevant drug cases and high-throughput genomics approaches; involving numerous countries and stakeholders; and most importantly exploiting the existing knowledge of respective large-scale initiatives. We emphasize on the necessity of constructing appropriate frameworks for government policies in African countries. We also provide input about different initiatives in the field of genomics medicine implementation in Africa, not only for their potential for synergy and collaboration among them, but also as models for replication in other regions worldwide, aiming for healthcare improvement.
Topics: Africa; Decision Support Systems, Clinical; Genetic Testing; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Policy; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 33353428
DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0101 -
Nurse Education Today Jun 2024Pharmacogenomics is the bioscience investigating how genes affect medication responses. Nurses are instrumental in medication safety. Pharmacogenomics is slowly being... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pharmacogenomics is the bioscience investigating how genes affect medication responses. Nurses are instrumental in medication safety. Pharmacogenomics is slowly being integrated into healthcare, and knowledge and understanding of it is now pertinent to nursing practice.
PURPOSE
This paper aims to map the scholarly literature on pharmacogenomics in relation to nurses.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted in four databases: CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), ProQuest Health and Medicine and PubMed using the search terms pharmacogenomic*, pharmacogenetic*, PGx*, and nurs*, resulting in 263 articles of which 77 articles met the inclusion criteria.
FINDINGS
Most articles (85 %, n = 65) were non-empirical and 12 presented empirical data (15 %, n = 12). The articles were USA-centric (81 %, n = 62) and represented a broad range of nursing specialties.
CONCLUSION
The majority of scholarly literature on nurses and pharmacogenomics is narrative reviews. Further empirical research is warranted to investigate nurses' current knowledge levels and potential involvement with pharmacogenomics in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Nurses
PubMed: 38484442
DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106153 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Dec 2014It is timely to consider the ethical and social questions raised by progress in pharmacogenomics, based on the current importance of pharmacogenomics for avoidance of... (Review)
Review
It is timely to consider the ethical and social questions raised by progress in pharmacogenomics, based on the current importance of pharmacogenomics for avoidance of predictable side effects of drugs, and for correct choice of medications in certain cancers. It has been proposed that the entire population be genotyped for drug-metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms, as a measure that would prevent many untoward and dangerous drug reactions. Pharmacologic treatment targeting based on genomics of disease can be expected to increase greatly in the coming years. Policy and ethical issues exist on consent for large-scale genomic pharmacogenomic data collection, public vs corporate ownership of genomic research results, testing efficacy and safety of drugs used for rare genomic indications, and accessibility of treatments based on costly research that is applicable to relatively few patients. In major psychiatric disorders and intellectual deficiency, rare and de novo deletion or duplication of chromosomal segments (copy number variation), in the aggregate, are common causes of increased risk. This implies that the policy problems of pharmacogenomics will be particularly important for the psychiatric disorders.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Public Policy
PubMed: 25733960
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2014.16.4/egershon -
The Pharmacogenomics Journal Jun 2021The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Many drugs without established efficacy are being used to treat... (Review)
Review
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Many drugs without established efficacy are being used to treat COVID-19 patients either as an offlabel/compassionate use or as a clinical trial. Although drug repurposing is an attractive approach with reduced time and cost, there is a need to make predictions on success before the start of therapy. For the optimum use of these repurposed drugs, many factors should be considered such as drug-gene or dug-drug interactions, drug toxicity, and patient co-morbidity. There is limited data on the pharmacogenomics of these agents and this may constitute an obstacle for successful COVID-19 therapy. This article reviewed the available human genome interactions with some promising repurposed drugs for COVID-19 management. These drugs include chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), atazanavir (ATV), favipiravir (FVP), nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV), oseltamivir, remdesivir, anakinra, tocilizumab (TCZ), eculizumab, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) regulators, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, ivermectin, and nitazoxanide. Drug-gene variant pairs that may alter the therapeutic outcomes in COVID-19 patients are presented. The major drug variant pairs that associated with variations in clinical efficacy include CQ/HCQ (CYP2C8, CYP2D6, ACE2, and HO-1); azithromycin (ABCB1); LPV/r (SLCO1B1, ABCB1, ABCC2 and CYP3A); NVP (ABCC10); oseltamivir (CES1 and ABCB1); remdesivir (CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and OATP1B1); anakinra (IL-1a); and TCZ (IL6R and FCGR3A). The major drug variant pairs that associated with variations in adverse effects include CQ/HCQ (G6PD; hemolysis and ABCA4; retinopathy), ATV (MDR1 and UGT1A1*28; hyperbilirubinemia; and APOA5; dyslipidemia), NVP (HLA-DRB1*01, HLA-B*3505 and CYP2B6; skin rash and MDR1; hepatotoxicity), and EFV (CYP2B6; depression and suicidal tendencies).
Topics: Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Drug Repositioning; Genome, Human; Humans; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; Pharmacogenetics; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33542445
DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00209-9 -
The Pharmacogenomics Journal May 2024Pharmacogenomics (PGx) research and applications are of utmost relevance in Lebanon considering its population genetic diversity. Moreover, as a country with regional... (Review)
Review
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) research and applications are of utmost relevance in Lebanon considering its population genetic diversity. Moreover, as a country with regional leadership in medicine and higher education, Lebanon holds a strong potential in contributing to PGx research and clinical implementation. In this manuscript, we first review and evaluate the available PGx research conducted in Lebanon, then describe the current status of PGx practice in Lebanon while reflecting on the local and regional challenges, and highlighting areas for action, and opportunities to move forward. We specifically expand on the status of PGx at the American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center as a case study and guide for the further development of local and regional comprehensive PGx research, teaching, and clinical implementation programs. We also delve into the status of PGx knowledge and education, and prospects for further advancement such as with online courses and certificates.
Topics: Lebanon; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 38778046
DOI: 10.1038/s41397-024-00336-z -
Seminars in Nephrology Jan 2022The article focuses on immunosuppression pharmacology, adverse-event profile, clinical efficacy, and, when available, pharmacogenomic data. (Review)
Review
The article focuses on immunosuppression pharmacology, adverse-event profile, clinical efficacy, and, when available, pharmacogenomic data.
Topics: Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Pharmacogenetics; Precision Medicine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35618398
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.01.001