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Profiles of Drug Substances,... 2019Developments in the field of pharmaceutical cocrystals have been documented in the form of chronological review articles, and the present review encompasses articles... (Review)
Review
Developments in the field of pharmaceutical cocrystals have been documented in the form of chronological review articles, and the present review encompasses articles published during 2012, 2013, and 2014. Appropriate publications were drawn from the major physical, crystallographic, and pharmaceutical journals, being sorted according to the identity of the drug substance involved. This information is contained in tabular form, where the primary sorting has been by compound name and year of publication. For each entry, the table also contains the bibliographic citation to the paper, a complete list of the authors, and the title of the paper.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Crystallization
PubMed: 31029224
DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2018.11.004 -
Current Drug Discovery Technologies 2019The rapid and major advances being made in epigenetics are impacting pharmacology, giving rise to new sub-disciplines in pharmacology, pharmacoepigenetics, the study of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The rapid and major advances being made in epigenetics are impacting pharmacology, giving rise to new sub-disciplines in pharmacology, pharmacoepigenetics, the study of the epigenetic basis of variation in response to drugs; and pharmacoepigenomics, the application of pharmacoepigenetics on a genome-wide scale.
METHODS
This article highlights the following aspects of pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics: epigenetic therapy, the role of epigenetics in pharmacokinetics, the relevance of epigenetics to adverse drug reactions, personalized medicine, drug addiction, and drug resistance, and the use of epigenetic biomarkers in drug therapy.
RESULTS
Epigenetics is having an increasing impact on several areas of pharmacology.
CONCLUSION
Pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics are new sub-disciplines in pharmacology and are likely to have an increasing impact on the use of drugs in clinical practice.
Topics: Biomarkers; Drug Resistance; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenomics; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacokinetics; Precision Medicine; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 29676232
DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180419154633 -
Pharmaceutical Research Jan 2020Significant efforts are made to characterize molecular liabilities and degradation of the drug substance (DS) and drug product (DP) during various product life-cycle... (Review)
Review
Significant efforts are made to characterize molecular liabilities and degradation of the drug substance (DS) and drug product (DP) during various product life-cycle stages. The in vivo fate of a therapeutic protein is usually only considered in terms of pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs). However, the environment in the human body differs substantially from that of the matrix (formulation) of the DP and may impact on the stability of an injected therapeutic protein. Stabilizing excipients used in protein formulations are expected to undergo more rapid distribution and dissociation in vivo, compared to a protein as a highly charged macromolecule. Thus, in vivo stability may significantly differ from shelf-life stability. In vivo degradation of the therapeutic protein may alter efficacy and/or safety characteristics such as immunogenicity. Studying the stability of a therapeutic protein in the intended body compartment can de-risk drug development in early stages of development by improving the selection of better clinical lead molecules. This review assesses the considerations when aiming to evaluate the in vivo fate of a therapeutic protein by comparing the physiology of relevant human body compartments and assessing their potential implications on the stability of a therapeutic protein. Moreover, we discuss the limitations of current experimental approaches mimicking physiologic conditions, depending on the desired route of administration, such as intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intravitreal (IVT), or intrathecal (IT) administration(s). New models more closely mimicking the relevant physiologic environment and updated analytical methods are required to understand the in vivo fate of therapeutic proteins.
Topics: Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Stability; Excipients; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Proteins
PubMed: 31900680
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2689-1 -
The American Journal on Addictions Jul 2022
Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Humans; Psychopharmacology; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35843897
DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13317 -
Chembiochem : a European Journal of... Oct 2021The European Federation for Medicinal chemistry and Chemical biology (EFMC) is a federation of learned societies. It groups organizations of European scientists working...
The European Federation for Medicinal chemistry and Chemical biology (EFMC) is a federation of learned societies. It groups organizations of European scientists working in a dynamic field spanning chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. New ideas, tools, and technologies emerging from a wide array of scientific disciplines continuously energize this rapidly evolving area. Medicinal chemistry is the design, synthesis, and optimization of biologically active molecules aimed at discovering new drug candidates - a mission that in many ways overlaps with the scope of chemical biology. Chemical biology is by now a mature field of science for which a more precise definition of what it encompasses, in the frame of EFMC, is timely. This article discusses chemical biology as currently understood by EFMC, including all activities dealing with the design and synthesis of biologically active chemical tools and their use to probe, characterize, or influence biological systems.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Europe; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 34347337
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100319 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jul 2016Both biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) and topical drug classification system (TCS) are based on sound scientific principles with the aim of providing... (Review)
Review
Both biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) and topical drug classification system (TCS) are based on sound scientific principles with the aim of providing biowaiver and reducing regulatory burden without lowering the quality requirements and standards of approval for the drug products. BCS is based on the solubility and permeability properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API, or drug substance) whereas the TCS is based on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the dosage form and the in vitro release rate of the active ingredient as key decision tools. Both BCS and TCS take drug release and dissolution as their guiding principle for providing biowaiver, increasing the availability and affordability of safe and effective medicines to the consumers and at the same time maintaining the drug product quality.
Topics: Biological Availability; Biopharmaceutics; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Liberation; Excipients; Humans; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solubility; Therapeutic Equivalency
PubMed: 27208656
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.05.032 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2019The association between psychiatric disorders and headache is widely recognized, even though the explanation of likely mechanisms is yet speculative. The most common... (Review)
Review
The association between psychiatric disorders and headache is widely recognized, even though the explanation of likely mechanisms is yet speculative. The most common comorbid associated disorders are depressive (DD), anxiety (AD), and bipolar disorders (BD). Treatments options comprise pharmacologic therapies, psychologic therapies, other nonpharmacologic therapies, and combinations of them. To the best of our knowledge, no evidence-based guidelines exist regarding pharmacotherapy for DD, BD, and/or AD in patients with headache. When pharmacologic therapies are the choice for a psychiatric disorder comorbid with headache, an accurate psychiatric history is needed. Prescriptions of pharmacologic therapies for DD, BD, and AD need to take into account all the other therapies or psychoactive substances used by the subjects. The therapies for subjects with DD, AD, and BD can be very challenging and a strict collaboration among neurologists and psychiatrists is highly advisable.
Topics: Comorbidity; Headache; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopharmacology; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 31727222
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64012-3.00020-4 -
Pharmaceutical Biology 2016Satureja (Lamiaceae) species are used as flavoring compounds in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries because of its sweetness and simple cultivation... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Satureja (Lamiaceae) species are used as flavoring compounds in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries because of its sweetness and simple cultivation characteristics. They have traditionally been used as muscle pain relievers, tonic, and carminative agents to treat stomach and intestinal disorders such as cramps, nausea, indigestion, and diarrhea, due to their considerable phytochemical characteristics.
OBJECTIVE
This review evaluates some information published since 1989 on Satureja genus from a systematic perspective in terms of its pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to March 2014. "Satureja" was used as a research term without narrowing or limiting research elements. After obtaining all reports from database (a total number is about 637), the papers were carefully analyzed in order to find data related to the topic of this review.
RESULTS
In this review, 453 reports were used which were published between 1989 and 2014. The study was compiled into two sections (Pharmacology and Phytochemistry). In the pharmacology section, more than 50 different activities were studied. In the second section, in addition to other compounds and inorganic substances, volatiles, phenolic acids, and flavonoids were discussed.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
According to our contemporary information, Satureja species have been evaluated for their wide range of biological activities. However, a small part of these studies have been carried out on the active principles. Therefore, in the future, more studies should be carried out to identify responsible phytochemicals for the various activities.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Ethnopharmacology; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Satureja
PubMed: 25955956
DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1043560 -
New Therapeutic Approaches Involving Psychopharmacology, Digital Technology, and fMRI Neurofeedback.The American Journal of Psychiatry Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Neurofeedback; Psychopharmacology; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Digital Technology
PubMed: 36453034
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220866 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles followed two main directions in the field of biomedical applications: one direction is as image enhancing agents for magnetic... (Review)
Review
Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles followed two main directions in the field of biomedical applications: one direction is as image enhancing agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the other is as drugdelivery devices for various biologically-active substances. A third field which just emerges in nanomedicine is the field of the so-called theranostic devices which combines in the same delivery vehicle both the therapeutic agent and the contrast substance. The advantages of using nanoparticles instead of larger carriers for delivery of both drug and image contrast enhancing agents will be highlighted throughout this review article. Despite the ever increasing number of articles reporting both in vitro and in vivo studies carried out on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and envisaging their potential biomedical applications, only few formulations reached the phase of clinical trials and even fewer became marketed products. The perspectives in the field are open, since new drugs require new delivery devices and possibly new means of functionalization. At the same time, the field of nanomedicine also provides the opportunity to better exploit drugs that are already in clinical use by improving their bioavailability through appropriate nanoformulations.
Topics: Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Contrast Media; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Nanomedicine; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 26503153
DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666151027151702