-
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences Dec 2016The use of various types of printing technologies offer potential solutions for personalized medicine and tailored dosage forms to meet the needs of individual... (Review)
Review
The use of various types of printing technologies offer potential solutions for personalized medicine and tailored dosage forms to meet the needs of individual treatments of the future. Many types of scenario for printed dosage form exist and the concepts include, on the simplest level, accurately deposited doses of drug substances. In addition, computer design allows endless opportunities to create suitable geometries with tailored functionality and different levels of complexity to control the release properties of one or multiple drug substances. It will take some time to convert these technological developments in printing to better treatments for patients, because challenges exist. However, printing technologies are developing fast and have the potential to allow the use of versatile materials to manufacture sophisticated drug-delivery systems and biofunctional constructs for personalized treatments.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Computer-Aided Design; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Design; Drug Liberation; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Precision Medicine; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 27992318
DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.10.002 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun 2022Members of the IQ Consortium ″Working Group on Characterization on Amorphous Solid Dispersions″ shares here a perspective on the analytical challenges, and... (Review)
Review
Members of the IQ Consortium ″Working Group on Characterization on Amorphous Solid Dispersions″ shares here a perspective on the analytical challenges, and limitations of detecting low levels of crystalline drug substance in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) and associated drug products. These companies aim to employ highly sensitive commercially available analytical technologies to guide development, support control strategies, and enable registration of quality products. We hope to promote consistency in development and registration approaches and guide the industry in development of "characterization best practices" in the interest of providing high quality products for patients. The first half of this perspective highlights the unique challenges of analytical methodologies to monitor crystalline drug substance in ASDs and their associated drug products. Challenges around use of limit tests, analyte spiking experiments, and method robustness are also underscored. The latter half describes the merits and limitations of the diverse analytical "toolbox" (such as XRPD, NIR and DSC), which can be readily applied during development and, in some cases, considered for potential application and validation in the commercial QC setting when necessary.
Topics: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Crystallization; Humans; Solubility; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 35041831
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.007 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Dec 2015Liposomes have gained extensive attention as carriers for a wide range of drugs due to being both nontoxic and biodegradable as they are composed of substances naturally... (Review)
Review
Liposomes have gained extensive attention as carriers for a wide range of drugs due to being both nontoxic and biodegradable as they are composed of substances naturally occurring in biological membranes. Active targeting for cells has explored specific modification of the liposome surface by functionalizing it with specific targeting ligands in order to increase accumulation and intracellular uptake into target cells. None of the Food and Drug Administration-licensed liposomes or lipid nanoparticles are coated with ligands or target moieties to delivery for homing drugs to target tissues, cells or subcellular organelles. Targeted therapies (with or without controlled drug release) are an emerging and relevant research area. Despite of the numerous liposomes reviews published in the last decades, this area is in constant development. Updates urgently needed to integrate new advances in targeted liposomes research. This review highlights the evolution of liposomes from passive to active targeting and challenges in the development of targeted liposomes for specific therapies.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Delivery Systems; Liposomes
PubMed: 26454541
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.034 -
Addiction pharmacogenetics: a systematic review of the genetic variation of the dopaminergic system.Psychiatric Genetics Oct 2015Substance use disorders have significant personal, familial, and societal consequences. Despite the serious consequences of substance use, only a few therapies are... (Review)
Review
Substance use disorders have significant personal, familial, and societal consequences. Despite the serious consequences of substance use, only a few therapies are effective in treating substance use disorders, thus highlighting a need for improved treatment practices. Substance use treatment response depends on multiple factors such as genetic, biological, and social factors. It is essential that each component is represented in treatment plans. The dopaminergic system plays a critical role in the pharmacotherapy for addictions, and an understanding of the role of variation of genes involved in this system is essential for its success. This review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement guidelines. A computerized literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus (all databases). Articles published up to April 2015 that examined the role of dopaminergic gene variation in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol, opioid, and cocaine use disorders were reviewed. Search terms were dopamine, gene, polymorphism, substance abuse, treatment, and response. Polymorphisms of the DRD2, ANKK1, DAT1, DBH, and DRD4 genes have been found to moderate the effects of pharmacotherapy of alcohol, opioid, and cocaine use disorders. The integration of genetic information with clinical data will inform health professionals of the most efficacious pharmacotherapeutic intervention for substance use disorders. More studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
Topics: Dopamine; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Precision Medicine; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 26146874
DOI: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000095 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2019This review aims to provide a critical review of the biological performance of natural and synthetic substances complexed with cyclodextrins, highlighting: (i) inclusion... (Review)
Review
This review aims to provide a critical review of the biological performance of natural and synthetic substances complexed with cyclodextrins, highlighting: (i) inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins and their biological studies in vitro and in vivo; (ii) Evaluation and comparison of the bioactive efficacy of complexed and non-complexed substances; (iii) Chemical and biological performance tests of inclusion complexes, aimed at the development of new pharmaceutical products. Based on the evidence presented in the review, it is clear that cyclodextrins play a vital role in the development of inclusion complexes which promote improvements in the chemical and biological properties of the complexed active principles, as well as providing improved solubility and aqueous stability. Although the literature shows the importance of their ability to help produce innovative biotechnological substances, we still need more studies to develop and expand their therapeutic properties. It is, therefore, very important to gather together evidence of the effectiveness of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins in order to facilitate a better understanding of research on this topic and encourage further studies.
Topics: Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cyclodextrins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Structure-Activity Relationship; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 30717337
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030642 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2018Species of the genus Codonopsis are perennial herbs mainly distributed throughout East, Southeast and Central Asia. As recorded, they have been used as traditional... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Species of the genus Codonopsis are perennial herbs mainly distributed throughout East, Southeast and Central Asia. As recorded, they have been used as traditional Chinese medicines since the Qing Dynasty, where they were claimed for strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lung, as well as nourishing blood and engendering liquid. Some species are also used as food materials in southern China and Southeast Asia, such as tea, wine, soup, plaster, and porridge.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
The review aims to assess the ethnopharmacological uses, explicit the material basis and pharmacological action, promote the safety of medical use, and suggest the future research potentials of Codonopsis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Information on the studies of Codonopsis was collected from scientific journals, books, and reports via library and electronic data search (PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Springer, Science Direct, Wiley, Researchgate, ACS, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI). Meanwhile, it was also obtained from published works of material medica, folk records, ethnopharmacological literatures, Ph.D. and Masters Dissertation. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org).
RESULTS
Codonopsis has been used for medicinal purposes all around the world. Some species are also used as food materials in southern China and Southeast Asia. The chemical constituents of Codonopsis mainly are polyacetylenes, polyenes, flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, organic acids, saccharides, and so on. Extract of Codonopsis exhibit extensive pharmacological activities, including immune function regulation, hematopoiesis improvement, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, gastrointestinal function regulation, endocrine function regulation, cytotoxic and antibacterial effects, anti-aging and anti-oxidation, etc. Almost no obvious toxicity or side effect are observed and recorded for Codonopsis.
CONCLUSIONS
The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Codonopsis are reviewed in this paper. Species of the genus have long been used as traditional medicines and food materials, they are reported with a large number of chemical constituents with different structures, extensive pharmacological activities in immune system, blood system, digestive system, etc. and almost no toxicity. More profound studies on less popular species, pharmacodynamic material basis and pharmacological mechanism, and quality assurance are suggested to be carried out to fulfil the research on the long-term clinical use and new drug research of Codonopsis.
Topics: Animals; Codonopsis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Medicine, Traditional; Oxidative Stress; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 29501674
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.039 -
Chemical Society Reviews May 2017New approaches to the transmembrane transport of anions are discussed in this review. Advances in the design of small molecule anion carriers are reviewed in addition to... (Review)
Review
New approaches to the transmembrane transport of anions are discussed in this review. Advances in the design of small molecule anion carriers are reviewed in addition to advances in the design of synthetic anion channels. The application of anion transporters to the potential future treatment of disease is discussed in the context of recent findings on the selectivity of anion transporters.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Humans; Ion Transport; Macromolecular Substances; Organic Anion Transporters; Small Molecule Libraries
PubMed: 28379234
DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00159b -
AAPS PharmSciTech Feb 2017The availability of licensed paediatric drugs is lagging behind those for adults, and there is a lack of safe formulations in suitable doses that children are able and... (Review)
Review
The availability of licensed paediatric drugs is lagging behind those for adults, and there is a lack of safe formulations in suitable doses that children are able and willing to take. As a consequence, children are commonly treated with off-label or unlicensed drugs. As off-label and unlicensed drug use are associated with a greater risk for harm than on-label drug use, a range of global initiatives have been developed to realize "better" medicines for children. This review describes the challenges and achievements of the European Union to realize this goal, with a focus on paediatric drug development and formulation design. In 2007, a European Paediatric Regulation was installed enforcing companies to consider children in the early development of drugs with a new drug substance, for a new indication or with a new route of administration. The Regulation, e.g. requires companies to develop a paediatric investigation plan discussing the proposed clinical trials in children of different ages and the formulations for future marketing. Since 2013, the pharmaceutical design of any newly marketed paediatric drug should comply with the "Guideline on the Pharmaceutical Development of Medicines for Paediatric Use." Companies should, e.g. justify the route of administration, dosage form, formulation characteristics, safety of excipients, dosing frequency, container closure system, administration device, patient acceptability and user information. In this review, the guideline's key aspects are discussed with a focus on novel formulations such as mini-tablets and orodispersible films, excipients with a potential risk for harm such as azo dyes and adequate user instructions.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Discovery; Europe; Excipients; Humans; Off-Label Use; Pediatrics; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Tablets
PubMed: 27270905
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0558-3 -
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry Jan 2017This review gives a brief introduction about the process- and product-related impurities and emphasizes on the development of novel analytical methods for their... (Review)
Review
This review gives a brief introduction about the process- and product-related impurities and emphasizes on the development of novel analytical methods for their determination. It describes the application of modern analytical techniques, particularly the ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). In addition to that, the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was also discussed for the characterization of impurities and degradation products. The significance of the quality, efficacy and safety of drug substances/products, including the source of impurities, kinds of impurities, adverse effects by the presence of impurities, quality control of impurities, necessity for the development of impurity profiling methods, identification of impurities and regulatory aspects has been discussed. Other important aspects that have been discussed are forced degradation studies and the development of stability indicating assay methods.
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Contamination; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 27070830
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1169913