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European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Apr 2019Based on a review of the medical literature, the authors document the key technical points, variants, technical errors to avoid and main functional results of lateral...
Based on a review of the medical literature, the authors document the key technical points, variants, technical errors to avoid and main functional results of lateral pharyngotomy for resection of cancers originating from the lateral oro and/or hypopharynx.
Topics: Anatomic Landmarks; Humans; Medical Illustration; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx
PubMed: 30482706
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.10.011 -
B-ENT 2016Direct and indirect injuries of the pharynx and larynx. The neck is characterized by a relatively complex anatomy and a very compact content. It therefore forms an... (Review)
Review
Direct and indirect injuries of the pharynx and larynx. The neck is characterized by a relatively complex anatomy and a very compact content. It therefore forms an extremely vulnerable part of the human body. Although uncommon, aero-digestive tract injuries caused by trauma present a challenging situation for both the emergency doctor and the head and neck surgeon. Clinical presentations may vary from severe acute distress with immediate life-threatening airway obstruction to apparently more reassuring situations. However, the latter turn out to be frequently misleading, since patients may deteriorate suddenly as the result of unrecognized injuries. In such cases, delayed diagnosis is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Due to its role in phonation, breathing and alimentation, injuries to the aero-digestive tract also expose the patient to severe later impairment and a poorer quality of life. Comprehensive airway control remains the highest and often most challenging priority for the emergency physician. Careful clinical examination combined with endoscopy and computed tomography imaging form the key elements in diagnosis and early recognition of patients who may require surgical management.
Topics: Airway Management; Dyspnea; Endoscopy; Humans; Larynx; Neck; Pharynx; Physical Examination; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 29558577
DOI: No ID Found -
European Archives of... Jun 2024To discuss the different swallowing improvement surgeries that address one or more dysfunctional pharyngolaryngeal structures causing dysphagia. These surgeries reduce... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To discuss the different swallowing improvement surgeries that address one or more dysfunctional pharyngolaryngeal structures causing dysphagia. These surgeries reduce the risk of aspiration without sacrificing vocal function.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed database and used Google Scholar search engine to find studies discussing the different swallowing improvement surgeries. A manual search of references in selected articles and reviews was done as well. No chronologic limitation was set for the studies; however, only articles written in English and Japanese were considered. Due to the nature of this article, no particular inclusion or exclusion criteria were set when searching for studies to be used as references; however, all relevant studies were reviewed and agreed upon by the authors for inclusion in this review article.
RESULTS/DISCUSSION
Surgeries to improve swallowing function can be categorized into those that reinforce nasopharyngeal closure or pharyngeal contraction, improve laryngeal elevation or pharyngoesophageal segment opening, and those that improve vocal fold closure to protect the airway during swallowing. They are an effective alternative treatment that may significantly improve these patients' quality of life. Swallowing rehabilitation with the altered pharyngolaryngeal structures is required post-operatively to significantly improve patients' dysphagia.
CONCLUSIONS
Surgeries to improve swallowing function address specific dysfunctional sites involved in the swallowing mechanism. Choosing the most appropriate surgery for each patient requires knowledge of the pathophysiology for their dysphagia and detailed pre-operative work-up.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Larynx; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; Pharynx
PubMed: 38265461
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08452-z -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2019
Topics: Child; Female; Fever; Humans; Pharyngitis; Pharynx; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes
PubMed: 30855746
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1810556 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2021
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Emergency Service, Hospital; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pharynx; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 34312175
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202183-f -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Dec 2018To present current literature regarding swallowing function in advanced age, including healthy ageing, dysphagia and trends in multidisciplinary team service delivery. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To present current literature regarding swallowing function in advanced age, including healthy ageing, dysphagia and trends in multidisciplinary team service delivery.
RECENT FINDINGS
Normative studies support swallowing efficiency but greater variability in healthy advanced age, through to 100 years old. Deviations from normative data and symptoms of dysphagia leading to aspiration or nutritional risk, imply swallowing disorder, rather than simply the ageing process. Quantitative and qualitative studies are emerging that promote management of swallow dysfunction for an ageing society, including innovative assessment, home treatment, swallowing exercise and optimized mealtimes.
SUMMARY
Current literature on swallowing function in advanced age provides multidisciplinary perspectives and initiatives, with clear commitment to improving quality of life for older adults. The diversity of the older population and serious consequences of swallowing difficulties calls for routine screening tools for swallowing impairment and malnutrition risk. Representation of 'oldest old' in future normative studies is essential to guide swallowing management in adults over 85 years old.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Esophagus; Healthy Aging; Humans; Mouth; Patient Care Team; Pharynx
PubMed: 30234658
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000485 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Pharynx; Palatine Tonsil; Tongue Neoplasms; Neck; Tongue
PubMed: 36513093
DOI: 10.1055/a-1928-8673 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2022To present a case of a ballistic foreign body in the pharynx after a gunshot wound to the maxillofacial area, an accompanying review of relevant literature, and our... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To present a case of a ballistic foreign body in the pharynx after a gunshot wound to the maxillofacial area, an accompanying review of relevant literature, and our approach to management.
METHOD
A 68-year-old male with no prior medical history presented to our trauma center with gunshot wounds to the left chin, left wrist, right chest, and sternum. A CT Angiogram of the neck revealed a bullet fragment left neck and additional fragment adjacent to the L hypopharynx at the level of the hyoid. The patient was taken to the operating room for direct laryngoscopy with foreign body removal and esophagoscopy.
RESULTS
We document our workup and successful surgical removal of the pharyngeal ballistic foreign body via our video abstract, compiling preoperative imaging, intraoperative imaging, and video. Literature review of the subject accompanying our video abstract highlights the extensive complications that can occur from a retained foreign body in this area, supporting surgical removal of the foreign body if safely possible.
CONCLUSION
Given the demonstrated feasibility and success of endoscopic foreign body removal from the pharyngoepiglottic space, in addition to overwhelming support for removal in the literature we recommend surgical extraction of ballistic foreign bodies located in the upper aerodigestive tract in stable patients to avoid early and long-term complications that can impact swallowing function, airway stability and the vital structures contained within the neck.
Topics: Aged; Esophagoscopy; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Hypopharynx; Male; Pharynx; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 35570132
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103490 -
HNO Jul 2018To transport a bolus from the mouth into the stomach, regular contraction of the pharyngeal muscles and a coordinated function of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
To transport a bolus from the mouth into the stomach, regular contraction of the pharyngeal muscles and a coordinated function of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) are necessary. The muscle contraction generates intraluminal pressure, which pushes the bolus continuously forward. In contrast to imaging studies, manometric methods enable assessment of intraluminal pressure buildup and the function of the muscles involved. These methods were initially established for the esophagus and have been used increasingly in the pharynx for 7-8 years. Pharyngeal high-resolution manometry (pHRM) allows pressure measurements in high spatial and temporal resolution, and assessment of pharyngeal swallowing dynamics.
OBJECTIVE
An overview is given of the implementation, evaluation, and interpretation of the pHRM data, as well as of the current state of research.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed and Scopus were searched for the keywords "high-resolution manometry" and "pharynx" or "upper esophageal sphincter". Original articles, reviews, and book chapters on the subject pHRM were included.
RESULTS
Swallowing pressure conditions in the pharynx and the UES can be assessed by pHRM. The spatiotemporal pressure plot gives an overview of changes in pharyngeal motor function. Determination of swallowing parameters enables a sophisticated evaluation of swallowing; a comparison with normal values permits delimitation of pathologies.
CONCLUSION
Although several swallowing parameters still need to be further evaluated for clinical routine, a pHRM study should nowadays always be carried out for a comprehensive evaluation of the swallowing process.
Topics: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper; Humans; Manometry; Pharynx; Pressure
PubMed: 28527023
DOI: 10.1007/s00106-017-0365-5 -
The European Respiratory Journal Sep 2017
Topics: Pharynx
PubMed: 28931669
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01496-2017