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International Journal of Cancer Aug 2020To provide an up-to-date overview of recent trends in mortality from oral and pharyngeal cancer, we analyzed death certification data for 61 countries worldwide provided...
To provide an up-to-date overview of recent trends in mortality from oral and pharyngeal cancer, we analyzed death certification data for 61 countries worldwide provided by the World Health Organization in 2010-2015, and, for selected most populous countries, over the period 1970-2016. For 12 largest countries, we analyzed incidence derived from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents in 1960-2012 for all oral and pharyngeal cancers and by subsites. In 2015, male age-standardized (world population) death rates per 100,000 were 5.03 in the European Union (EU), 8.33 in the Russian Federation, 2.53 in the United States (USA), and 3.04 in Japan; corresponding rates in women were 1.23, 1.23, 0.82, and 0.76. Male mortality decreased over the last decades in several European countries, with earlier and sharper declines in southern Europe; conversely, mortality was still increasing in a few eastern European countries and the United Kingdom. Mortality in men also decreased in Argentina, Australia, and Hong Kong, while it leveled off over more recent calendar years in Brazil, Japan, Mexico, the Republic of Korea, as well as in Australia and the USA. Female mortality slightly rose in various European countries. Overall incidence trends in the largest countries were broadly consistent with mortality ones, but oropharyngeal cancer incidence rose in many countries. Changes in tobacco and alcohol exposure in men over the last decades likely explain the favorable trends in oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality and incidence observed in selected countries worldwide, while increased human papillomavirus infection is likely responsible for the rise in oropharyngeal cancer incidence.
Topics: Adult; Argentina; Australia; Brazil; Europe; Female; Global Health; Hong Kong; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Republic of Korea; Russia; Survival Rate; United Kingdom; United States
PubMed: 31953840
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32871 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Pharynx; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Palatine Tonsil
PubMed: 36750115
DOI: 10.1055/a-1992-1037 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Apr 2019Based on a review of the medical literature, the authors document the key technical points, variants, technical errors to avoid and main functional results of lateral...
Based on a review of the medical literature, the authors document the key technical points, variants, technical errors to avoid and main functional results of lateral pharyngotomy for resection of cancers originating from the lateral oro and/or hypopharynx.
Topics: Anatomic Landmarks; Humans; Medical Illustration; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx
PubMed: 30482706
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.10.011 -
Current Oncology Reports Nov 2019Management of parapharyngeal tumors is challenging due to the complex anatomic nature of the space and the wide range of pathologies encountered. This article will... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Management of parapharyngeal tumors is challenging due to the complex anatomic nature of the space and the wide range of pathologies encountered. This article will review the anatomy, common pathologies, and management of parapharyngeal masses. Surgical strategies are also reviewed.
RECENT FINDINGS
Masses of the parapharyngeal space are most commonly benign (80%). More recent longitudinal studies have shown that observation and non-surgical therapy are indicated in many cases. When surgery is indicated, innovative endoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques allow for improved visualization and complete tumor removal while avoiding significant blood loss, tumor spillage, and injury to surrounding nerves and vessels. Management of parapharyngeal masses should consider morbidity of surgical resection versus the natural course of the disease. Surgical strategy is determined by location, size, and pathology. Adequate access is needed surgically to ensure complete resection and avoid tumor rupture.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Parapharyngeal Space; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 31728649
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0853-8 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2018A 17-year-old man initially presented to his primary care physician with throat pain for 1 week and was started on amoxicillin. After four additional days of ongoing...
A 17-year-old man initially presented to his primary care physician with throat pain for 1 week and was started on amoxicillin. After four additional days of ongoing pain and difficulty swallowing with decreased oral intake, he presented to the emergency department. Exam showed fullness to the right posterior oropharynx and palpable mass in the right neck without stridor. Initial imaging was soft tissue neck CT with contrast, which showed cystic 8 cm mass in the parapharyngeal space. Patient additionally underwent MRI, which showed an 8.6 cm mass in the right posterior oropharynx with obliteration of the vallecula. Differential diagnosis included abscess; therefore, ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist was consulted for possible drainage. Intraoperatively, there was no abscess; alternatively a biopsy was obtained, which was identified by pathology as a ganglioneuroma. Patient was referred to paediatric ENT specialist, underwent extensive resection confirming diagnosis of ganglioneuroma and did well postoperatively.
Topics: Adolescent; Deglutition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Ganglioneuroma; Humans; Male; Neck; Oropharynx; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharyngitis
PubMed: 30131403
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225763 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Jun 2021Transoral excision of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors has increased in popularity along with the increased use of robotic and endoscopic surgical technology. Here, the... (Review)
Review
Transoral excision of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors has increased in popularity along with the increased use of robotic and endoscopic surgical technology. Here, the authors highlight the indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications of transoral approaches to PPS tumors, with a special emphasis on salivary tumors of the PPS and the transoral robotic surgery approach.
Topics: Endoscopy; Humans; Parapharyngeal Space; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Robotics
PubMed: 34024481
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2021.03.001 -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... Oct 2015Human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) carries a poor prognosis, and despite optimal treatment with chemoradiotherapy to the limit... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) carries a poor prognosis, and despite optimal treatment with chemoradiotherapy to the limit of tolerance, many patients will relapse. A number of methods for intensifying treatment of HNSCC have been investigated, leading to the current standards of care. Novel agents targeting tumor cell and stromal signaling, DNA damage response, and immune system are now reaching clinical trials in combination with chemoradiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the evidence for the current treatment of locally advanced human papillomavirus-negative HNSCC, as well as investigational therapies, such as hypoxia modification, molecular targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor family, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor or DNA damage response proteins in combination with radiation therapy.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26351347
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.60.7804 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2024
Topics: Humans; Lipoma; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Male; Female; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38442639
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101407 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Dec 2021The transoral approach for parapharyngeal space tumors has been criticized due to its restrictive exposure and increased rate of vascular and nerve injuries. However,...
OBJECTIVES
The transoral approach for parapharyngeal space tumors has been criticized due to its restrictive exposure and increased rate of vascular and nerve injuries. However, for certain tumors-namely those that are prestyloid, benign, and well-encapsulated-the transoral approach reduces overall morbidity while providing direct access. Transoral surgeons can rely on this approach for select tumors seen clearly on intraoral examination in the bulging lateral pharynx. In this article and with a supplemental operative technique video, we demonstrate our transoral approach in these select patients.
METHODS
We reviewed our 26 cases using this approach and chose a representative case of a 50-year-old man who presented with a large, prestyloid, encapsulated parapharyngeal mass affecting his voice and swallowing. A transoral approach to the parapharyngeal tumor is illustrated.
RESULTS
A vertical curvilinear incision is completed from the hamulus to below the inferior extent of the tumor. Blunt dissection of the tumor capsule proceeds inferiorly. Controlled violation of the tumor capsule can aid in visualization. After tumor delivery, the wound is irrigated and closed.
CONCLUSIONS
In our experience, the transoral approach is an effective method to access well-encapsulated, prestyloid parapharyngeal space tumors. Patient selection is important when considering a transoral approach.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 32425121
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320923171 -
BMC Cancer Mar 2022Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx encompass a heterogeneous group of cancers for which known risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption and human papilloma...
BACKGROUND
Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx encompass a heterogeneous group of cancers for which known risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection but their influence is site-specific with HPV mainly influencing oropharyngeal cancer. Their incidence and survival rates are not well known over extended periods of time.
PATIENTS/METHODS
Data were obtained for Finnish (FI) and Swedish (SE) patients from the Nordcan database recently updated through 2019. Age-adjusted incidence trends (FI from 1953, SE from 1960) and relative survival rates for years 1970 through 2019 were calculated.
RESULTS
We observed a prominent increase in oral and oropharyngeal cancers in FI and SE men and women but the trend for oral cancer was interrupted for SE men in 1985 and possibly also for FI and SE women in 2015. The trend changes in male and female oral cancer was confirmed in data for Denmark and Norway. Relative survival for these cancers has improved overall but they differed for one cluster of oral, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancers with 60-70% 5-year survival in the last period and hypopharyngeal cancer with 25% male survival. In all these cancers, survival for old patients was unfavorable.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
We hypothesize that reduction in smoking prevalence helped to stop the increase in oral cancer especially in men. As the prevalence of smoking is decreasing, HPV is becoming a dominant risk factor, particularly for the increasing oropharyngeal cancer. Prevention needs to emphasize sexual hygiene and HPV vaccination.
Topics: Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Female; Finland; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Registries; Risk Factors; Smoking; Sweden
PubMed: 35236321
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09337-2