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Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions :... Oct 2018Brown stem rot, caused by the fungus Phialophora gregata, reduces soybean yield by up to 38%. Although three dominant resistance loci have been identified (Rbs1 to...
Brown stem rot, caused by the fungus Phialophora gregata, reduces soybean yield by up to 38%. Although three dominant resistance loci have been identified (Rbs1 to Rbs3), the gene networks responsible for pathogen recognition and defense remain unknown. Further, identification and characterization of resistant and susceptible germplasm remains difficult. We conducted RNA-Seq of infected and mock-infected leaf, stem, and root tissues of a resistant (PI 437970, Rbs3) and susceptible (Corsoy 79) genotype. Combining historical mapping data with genotype expression differences allowed us to identify a cluster of receptor-like proteins that are candidates for the Rbs3 resistance gene. Reads mapping to the Rbs3 locus were used to identify potential novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms within candidate genes that could improve phenotyping and breeding efficiency. Comparing responses to infection revealed little overlap in differential gene expression between genotypes or tissues. Gene networks associated with defense, DNA replication, and iron homeostasis are hallmarks of resistance to P. gregata. This novel research demonstrates the utility of combining contrasting genotypes, gene expression, and classical genetic studies to characterize complex disease resistance loci.
Topics: Base Sequence; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Phialophora; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins; RNA, Plant; Glycine max
PubMed: 30004290
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-01-18-0009-R -
IMA Fungus Jun 2018Draft genomes of the species (syn. , two strains, , , and are presented Both mating types (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) of are included. Two strains of that produce...
Draft genomes of the species (syn. , two strains, , , and are presented Both mating types (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) of are included. Two strains of that produce sulfated homotyrosine echinocandin variants, FR209602, FR220897 and FR220899 are presented. The sequencing of , and cf has enabled mapping of the gene clusters encoding the chemical diversity from the echinocandin pathways, providing data that reveals the complexity of secondary metabolism in these different species. Overall these genomes provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular processes underlying pathogenicity (in some cases), biology and toxin production of these economically important fungi.
PubMed: 30018880
DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.13 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024, a perennial herbaceous plant found in southwest China, has the potential to be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Endophytic fungi that reside within...
, a perennial herbaceous plant found in southwest China, has the potential to be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Endophytic fungi that reside within medicinal herbs play an important ecological role in their host plants and can serve as a valuable source for identifying active components. However, little is known about the diversity, and structure of endophytic fungi in . In this study, we investigated the community structure and diversity of endophytic fungi in the leaves, stems, and roots of at both 1- and 2-year-growth stages using a modern culture-independent method using both culture-independent (high-throughput sequencing, HTS) and culture-based methods. Using HTS, our results revealed that the richness and diversity of endophytic fungi in varied depending on the organs and growth stages. Specifically, stems and leaves exhibited significantly higher diversity compared to roots. Additionally, the highest diversity of endophytic fungi was observed in the stems of the 2-year-old plants. At the genus level, , , and were the most abundant endophytic fungi in 1-year-old samples, while , , and were prevalent in 2-year-old samples. A total of 55 endophytic fungal strains belonging to two phyla and 24 genera were isolated from 150 plant tissue segments using culture-based methods. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of these isolates was evaluated in vitro and five of them, PCAM010, PCBM027, LP41, SR60, and SM81, showed strong activity (>50% inhibition rate). These findings will serve as a theoretical basis and practical guide for comprehending the structural composition, biological diversity and bioactivity of endophytic fungi in .
PubMed: 38535204
DOI: 10.3390/jof10030195 -
Mycoses Apr 2017The genus Anthopsis was introduced for a black fungus with peculiar, inverted phialides and triangular conidia. The genus accommodates, in addition to the type species...
The genus Anthopsis was introduced for a black fungus with peculiar, inverted phialides and triangular conidia. The genus accommodates, in addition to the type species Anthopsis deltoidea, which once was reported as a cause of human phaeohyphomycosis, two further taxa: A. catenata and A. microspora. Current taxonomy is mainly based on microscopic structures of phialides. To assess the phylogenetic position of the genus, sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and partial LSU rDNA were obtained for Anthopsis spp. and compared with sequences from public databases. Phylogenetic analyses based on both loci were used to assess the evolutionary relationships of Anthopsis spp. at the family and ordinal levels. Anthopsis s.str. was found to cluster in Chaetothyriales, while A. catenata proved to be of helotialean affinity. Thermotolerance and morphology of each species were recorded.
Topics: Ascomycota; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Humans; Phialophora; Phylogeny; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Fungal; Thermotolerance
PubMed: 28101893
DOI: 10.1111/myc.12591 -
Mycoscience 2022Some Asian fungi are morphologically very similar to European species but belong to different species. A fungus that resembles , which commonly occurs on the petioles of...
Some Asian fungi are morphologically very similar to European species but belong to different species. A fungus that resembles , which commonly occurs on the petioles of in Europe, was found on the petioles of spp. and other tree leaves in Japan. The apothecia of this fungus were smaller than those of , suggesting that it is a different species. To examine this possibility, specimens of this fungus were collected from various hosts in Japan. A detailed morphological examination elucidated that this fungus differed from in smaller apothecia, marginal cells of the ectal excipulum, and conidia. The ITS sequence difference between this fungus and was 3.3-4.3%, and they formed distinct clades in the phylogenetic analysis, supporting that they are different species. Consequently, a new species, is described. Since an undescribed phialophora-state was observed in the cultures of for the first time, the morphology under culture is also reported in detail.
PubMed: 37090199
DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.003 -
JFMS Open Reports 2022A 10-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat from Quilmes (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) presented at the Infectious Diseases and Parasitology Unit with a...
CASE SUMMARY
A 10-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat from Quilmes (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) presented at the Infectious Diseases and Parasitology Unit with a hyperpigmented nodule of 5 cm diameter on the nasal plane with a small ulceration of more than 1 year's evolution. A scaly and hyperpigmented alopecic lesion of 3 cm in diameter was found on the lower edge of the tail. The patient was under immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids for lymphoplasmacytic duodenitis. Samples of the lesion present on the nasal plane were taken under a surgical procedure. In the wet mount preparations, pigmented irregular hyphae were observed. They developed dark colonies when cultured on Sabouraud medium. On micromorphology, structures compatible with species were identified. PCR and sequencing of (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) confirmed as the etiologic agent. A therapeutic scheme that included a combination of itraconazole oral solution (1.5 mg/kg PO q12h) with terbinafine (30 mg/kg PO q24h) was indicated for a period of 10 months. The patient died of complications resulting from its underlying disease.
RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION
As far as the authors are aware, this is the first study to report as an etiologic agent of phaeohyphomycosis in cats. In this case study, the species was identified using molecular tests.
PubMed: 35281676
DOI: 10.1177/20551169221077611 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Dec 2016Soil microbes are the important indicator of soil quality. For exploring Chuanminshen violaceum planting to microbial effects in tobacco soil, this paper adopted...
Soil microbes are the important indicator of soil quality. For exploring Chuanminshen violaceum planting to microbial effects in tobacco soil, this paper adopted Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing to research the change of bacteria and fungi at the phylum and genus in the soil. The results showed that the Ch. violaceum planting increased the biodiversity of bacteria and fungi. The influence on fungi was greater than that on bacteria. It greatly increased the sequence of fungi, it obtained 32 978 16S rDNA and 32 229 18S rDNA sequence number. There was no change of the top three phylums in bacteria, but the content changed, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria reduced by 1.73% and 1.4% respectively, and Actinobacteria increased by 0.65%. The advantage phylum Ascomycete in tobacco reduced by 27.99% to be second advantage phylum after Ch. violaceum planting, and the second advantage phylum Basidiomycete increased by 23.69% to become the first dominant fungi. At the genus, Ch. violaceum planting changed the order of dominant genus and the abundance was also changed. Some changed largely such as uncultured Acidobacteriaceae Subgroup-1, Gemmatimonas, Subgroup-2,uncultured Nitrosomonadaceae for bacteria, norank Sordariales, norank Agaricomycetes, Phialophora for fungi. Especially the rotation increased antagonistic microbes and physiological microbes and decreased pathogenic microbes. So the Ch. violaceum planting can improve the microbe community in tobacco soil.
Topics: Agriculture; Apiaceae; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Fungi; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Nicotiana
PubMed: 28936837
DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20162412 -
Mycopathologia Oct 2016Dematiaceous fungi are a large group of pathogens that can cause a wide range of diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Based on our previous...
Dematiaceous fungi are a large group of pathogens that can cause a wide range of diseases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Based on our previous finding of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) mutations in patients with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora verrucosa (P. verrucosa), we further investigated the exact role of CARD9 in the pathogenesis of phaeohyphomycosis using Card9 knockout (Card9 KO) mice. We showed that Card9 KO mice are profoundly susceptible to P. verrucosa infection compared with wild-type mice, reflected by significantly more severe footpad swelling, higher fungal burden, lower survival, and systemic dissemination. The inability of Card9 KO mice to control P. verrucosa infection was associated with lack of Th17 differentiation and reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A levels in footpad homogenates. In vitro experiments showed a defect of fungal conidia killing and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in Card9 KO bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. Furthermore, ex vivo coculture and in vitro T cell differentiation assay demonstrated that Card9 signaling pathway acts indispensably on differentiation of Th17 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CARD9 mediate the innate immune and Th17-mediated adaptive immune responses against dematiaceous fungal infections at the early stage of infection.
Topics: Animals; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Colony Count, Microbial; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Macrophages; Mice, Knockout; Phaeohyphomycosis; Phialophora; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 27421992
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0029-0 -
Medical Mycology Feb 2019Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous infection caused by melanized fungal species. We quantified the extractable melanin of 77 strains of...
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous infection caused by melanized fungal species. We quantified the extractable melanin of 77 strains of CBM agents distributed within five genera. Moreover, resistance to oxidative stress was evaluated in strains exposed or not to the melanin inhibitor tricyclazole. The median percentage of melanin mass extracted from dry fungal mass varied from 0.69 (Rhinocladiella similis) to 3.81 (Phialophora americana). Inhibition of melanin synthesis decreased survival rates to hydrogen peroxide. Together, these data highlight the importance of melanin in CBM agents.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Chromoblastomycosis; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Melanins; Microbial Viability; Oxidative Stress; Phialophora; Species Specificity; Spores, Fungal; Thiazoles
PubMed: 29669009
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy013 -
Scientific Reports May 2018Indoor wet cells serve as an environmental reservoir for a wide diversity of melanized fungi. A total of 313 melanized fungi were isolated at five locations in...
Indoor wet cells serve as an environmental reservoir for a wide diversity of melanized fungi. A total of 313 melanized fungi were isolated at five locations in Guangzhou, China. Internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS) sequencing showed a preponderance of 27 species belonging to 10 genera; 64.22% (n = 201) were known as human opportunists in the orders Chaetothyriales and Venturiales, potentially causing cutaneous and sometimes deep infections. Knufia epidermidis was the most frequently encountered species in bathrooms (n = 26), while in kitchens Ochroconis musae (n = 14), Phialophora oxyspora (n = 12) and P. europaea (n = 10) were prevalent. Since the majority of species isolated are common agents of cutaneous infections and are rarely encountered in the natural environment, it is hypothesized that indoor facilities explain the previously enigmatic sources of infection by these organisms.
Topics: Animals; China; DNA, Fungal; Dermatomycoses; Ecosystem; Environmental Microbiology; Fungi; Household Articles; Humans; Incidence; Mycoses; Vertebrates; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 29769615
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26071-7