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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Oct 2023To preliminary investigate the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and reveal the related factors...
OBJECTIVE
To preliminary investigate the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and reveal the related factors with anxiety and depression.
METHODS
Between July 2020 and June 2021, specialist doctor recruited AR patients in Beijing and Shanghai. A total of 630 patients admitted to participate in the survey, and 516 (81.9%) (male 54.3%, female 45.7%) participants completed the questionnaires. Three scales including Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and The Patient Health Queationaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied. The χ and the Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the classification data, multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of anxiety and depression.
RESULTS
According to 516 AR patients, the most commonly first-constitution was deficiency (22.1%) and frequent of all constitutions was inherited-special (21.6%). One third of AR patients (33.5%) suffered from anxiety, nearly half of AR patients (46.5%) were found to be depressive. Inherited-special (27.7%) was the most common constitution in patients with anxiety whereas deficiency (26.7%) was most common constitution in patients with depression. Sex, duration of symptoms, balanced, deficiency, phlegm-dampness, stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were related with anxiety; Sex, income, duration of symptoms, balanced, deficiency, deficiency, phlegm-dampness, stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were related with depression.
CONCLUSIONS
According to our study, the commonly constitution types of AR were deficiency and inherited-special. We found that the prevalence value of anxiety and depression were high. People with deficiency, phlegm-dampness, stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were more likely to have mental problems than the others. Controlling these influential factors might be beneficial for clinical health management of AR patients, and the government should apply appropriate mental health treatment services to offer psychiatric support.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Depression; Body Constitution; China; Yang Deficiency; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 37946488
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230919.001 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2015Phlegm is one of the most common patterns of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese medicine. Our research was aimed at investigating the association between phlegm... (Review)
Review
Phlegm is one of the most common patterns of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese medicine. Our research was aimed at investigating the association between phlegm syndrome of CAD and coronary angiography (CAG) by meta-analysis. According to inclusion criteria, a total of 30 studies involving 5,055 CAD patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that phlegm syndrome patients were prone to multivessel disease (28 studies, OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.88, P < 0.01) and higher Gensini score (2 studies, OR = 5.90, 95% CI, 1.86 to 9.94, P = 0.004), but not obviously relevant to severe stenosis (≥75%) of coronary arteries (13 studies, OR = 1.20, 95% CI, 0.63 to 2.27, P = 0.57). We concluded that the coronary arteries lesions of CAD patients with phlegm syndrome were more severe than those with nonphlegm syndromes. Phlegm syndrome should, therefore, be regarded as a dangerous pattern of CAD with worse prognosis.
PubMed: 26180535
DOI: 10.1155/2015/751743 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Feb 2019Realgar is a mineral traditional medicine with definite efficacy. The function of realgar is detoxicating, insecticiding, eliminating dampness and phlegm, etc. It is... (Review)
Review
Realgar is a mineral traditional medicine with definite efficacy. The function of realgar is detoxicating, insecticiding, eliminating dampness and phlegm, etc. It is widely applied in clinical practice by compatibility medicines. However, the safety and scientificalness of clinical application are questioned because of the toxic effect caused by arsenic compounds. At present, there are still many problems in the research of realgar, which are mainly manifested in three areas: the expression of main components and effective substances are inconsistent; the anti-tumor mechanism is difficult to explain at the molecular level; the mechanism of compatibility is not clear. As a result, realgar and realgar-containing Chinese patent medicines are frequently prohibited from entering the international market, and the reputation of traditional Chinese medicine is also damaged. This paper would analyze the research status of realgar at home and abroad as well as its problems from its main components, effective substances, anti-tumor mechanism and compatibility mechanism. In view of these difficulties, quantum chemical calculation method is proposed to solve them, so as to make up for the shortcomings and limitations of experimental technology and experimental conditions, reduce the cost of realgar research and improve research efficiency. Moreover, it provides inspiration for research of other mineral medicine.
Topics: Arsenicals; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Minerals; Sulfides
PubMed: 30989904
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181121.001 -
Heliyon Feb 2023There are few data regarding adult protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB). This study aimed to delineate the clinical features of PBB and evaluate their potential...
There are few data regarding adult protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB). This study aimed to delineate the clinical features of PBB and evaluate their potential diagnostic value in adults. We recruited 55 adult patients with PBB and selected randomly 220 patients with non-PBB as control. A diagnosis of PBB was considered if patients had a cough lasting ≥3 weeks, no abnormalities of chest computed tomography, positive bacterial culture in sputum and/or response well to oral moxifloxacin for 1-4 weeks. The clinical manifestations and laboratory investigations were compared between PBB patients and non-PBB patients. Of the 55 patients with PBB, approximately three-fifths (34, 61.8%) were females with a median age of 46.0 years, which were similar to that of patients with non-PBB. We observed a shorter cough duration in PBB than non-PBB (median 3.0 versus 24.0 months, < 0.001). Compared to non-PBB patients, PBB patients had higher incidences of productive cough, yellow phlegm and a sensation of mucus in the throat (SMIT) (all < 0.001). Sputum neutrophils and lymphocytes were markedly elevated in PBB patients than non-PBB patients (both = 0.004). Bacterial pathogens were detected in eight (28.6%) of 28 cases with PBB. The multivariate analyses showed yellow phlegm, productive cough, SMIT, increased sputum lymphocytes (≥2.3%) and cough duration ≤8.5 months with moderate sensitivity (50.9-81.8%) and moderate-high specificity (60.5-94.4%) for determining PBB. In summary, adults with PBB are characterized by productive cough, yellow phlegm, SMIT and neutrophilic airway inflammation. These cough features and increased sputum lymphocytes may be useful to indicate PBB.
PubMed: 36755583
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12299 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2020Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) devices are frequently used in patients with respiratory muscle weakness to increase their cough peak flow and assist them in...
Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) devices are frequently used in patients with respiratory muscle weakness to increase their cough peak flow and assist them in improving cough effectiveness and clearing mucus from the airways. An 89-year-old male was admitted to our university hospital due to fever and loss of appetite. He was diagnosed with lung abscess and pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. He was unable to independently expectorate phlegm due to frailty. Subsequently, MI-E was introduced. On day 3 after its introduction, chest X-ray examination revealed bilateral pneumothorax, and use of the MI-E device was discontinued. After conservatively observing the clinical course, pneumothorax was improved on day 12 after it occurred. Although scientific evidence regarding MI-E is currently limited, healthcare professionals often do not have an alternative in clinical practice. However, treating physicians should consider the risk of MI-E-related pneumothorax, despite its low occurrence rate.
PubMed: 32071855
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101017 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2022In this study, we analyzed the metabonomics of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis (IPBS) and its three concurrent syndromes in patients with stable angina pectoris of...
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we analyzed the metabonomics of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis (IPBS) and its three concurrent syndromes in patients with stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease.
METHODS
A total of 164 sera of separated outpatients from 12 national tradition Chinese medicine clinical research centers with IPBS or concurrent syndromes were collected for the study and assessed with LC-ESI-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem-mass spectrometry)-based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Non-differential metabolites between IPBS and its separate syndrome combined with the top 100 most abundant metabolites in four groups were screened to reflect the essence of IPBS. Amino acid and its metabolomics and glycerol phospholipids were screened for common metabolites, and these metabolites were mainly enriched in valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Principal component analysis revealed that the difference between IPBS and its separate concurrent syndromes was not distinct. Compared with IPBS, anserine, cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, and 7,8-dihydro-L-biopterin separately significant increase in phlegm stasis and toxin (PST), phlegm stasis and Qi stagnation (PQS), and phlegm stasis and Qi deficiency (PQD). While these different metabolites were associated with histidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and folate biosynthesis. Three accurate identification models were obtained to identify the difference between IPBS and its concurrent syndromes.
CONCLUSION
Our study indicated that valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism could represent the essence of IPBS; dysregulated metabolites were valuable in identifying PST from IPBS.
PubMed: 35647058
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.871142 -
Journal of Occupational and... Sep 2022We assessed the association of formaldehyde, carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) with respiratory symptoms, asthma, and post-bronchodilator...
OBJECTIVE
We assessed the association of formaldehyde, carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) with respiratory symptoms, asthma, and post-bronchodilator reversibility.
METHODS
We included 1629 adults in a community-based cross-sectional study in Karachi in 2015. Data were collected using the American Thoracic Society respiratory questionnaire and spirometry (available for 930 participants). YesAir eight-channel monitor was used for measuring concentrations of formaldehyde and CO, whereas PM 2.5 was measured using UCB PATS.
RESULTS
Higher levels of formaldehyde and CO were associated with cough, phlegm, and wheeze, whereas those of PM 2.5 were associated with shortness of breath and presence of any of the respiratory symptoms (combined), as well as a "lower" risk of cough, phlegm, and bronchitis.
CONCLUSION
Poorer household air quality was associated with poorer respiratory health in this population; however, further studies with a robust exposure assessment are required.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Cough; Cross-Sectional Studies; Formaldehyde; Humans; Pakistan; Particulate Matter
PubMed: 35672913
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002573 -
Oncology Reports Apr 2023Gastric cancer (GC) develops in a complex tissue environment, the tumor microenvironment (TME), which it relies on for persistent proliferation, migration, invasion and... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer (GC) develops in a complex tissue environment, the tumor microenvironment (TME), which it relies on for persistent proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. Non‑malignant stromal cell types within the TME are regarded as a clinical meaningful target with the lower risk of resistance and tumor relapse. Studies have revealed that the Xiaotan Sanjie decoction, which is formulated on the basis of the theory of phlegm syndrome, a Traditional Chinese Medicine concept, modulates released factors such as transforming growth factor‑β from tumor cells, immune cells, cancer‑associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor involved in the process of angiogenesis within the TME. Clinical studies have also shown that the Xiaotan Sanjie decoction is associated with favorable survival and quality of life. The present review aimed to interpret the hypothesis that Xiaotan Sanjie decoction has the ability to normalize the GC tumor cells by influencing functions of stromal cells within the TME. The possible association between phlegm syndrome and the TME in GC was discussed in the present review. Overall, Xiaotan Sanjie decoction may be suitable to be added to tumor cell‑directed agents or emerging immunotherapies becoming a desirable modality in the management of GC and acquire improved outcomes for patients with GC.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Tumor Microenvironment; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 36866751
DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8511 -
Die Pharmazie Mar 2020Rhizoma is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Its traditional functions include treating hypofunction of the spleen with the loss of appetite, abdominal... (Review)
Review
Rhizoma is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Its traditional functions include treating hypofunction of the spleen with the loss of appetite, abdominal distension diarrhea, phlegm drink dizziness palpitation, edema, fetal movement restless. A literature search was conducted by systematic searching multiple electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI and Google Scholar. Chemical composition analysis of RAM showed that the main compositions were volatile oil, lactones, polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins and resins. Pharmacological studies indicated that RAM possessed antitumor activities, neuroprotective effect, anti-hepatotoxicity, immune and anti-inflammatory activity, etc. This review gives a detailed description of the chemical constituents, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of RAM and provides reliable basis for clinical development and application.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Atractylodes; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Lactones; Photochemical Processes; Rhizome
PubMed: 32213234
DOI: 10.1691/ph.2020.9738 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Sep 2018BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between hyperuricemia (with phlegm/non-phlegm block) and ABCG2 gene polymorphism in Han and Uygur people from...
BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between hyperuricemia (with phlegm/non-phlegm block) and ABCG2 gene polymorphism in Han and Uygur people from Xinjiang, China. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 600 hyperuricemia patients with phlegm/non-phlegm block. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood. Gene polymorphism was classified by SnaPshot method. RESULTS The SNP loci rs2725220 and rs2231137 of the ABCG2 gene, but not rs2231142, were significantly different between patients with non-phlegm block and phlegm block (P<0.05). The rs2231142 allele G was the protective factor in Uygur hyperuricemia patients. In both Han and hyperuricemia patients, the rs2725220 allele G was a protective factor and the rs2231137 allele C was a risk factor. For non-phlegm-block hyperuricemia, the rs2231142 and rs2231137 genotypes were significantly different between Uygur and Han patients (P<0.05). The rs2231142 allele G was 1.563 times higher in the Uygur patients compared with Han, and rs2231137 allele C was 1.673 times higher in the Uygur patients compared with the Han. For phlegm-block hyperuricemia, rs2231142 allele G was 1.397 times higher in the Uygur patients compared with the Han. CONCLUSIONS ABCG2 gene rs2231137 with more allele C tends to be phlegm-block type and rs2725220 with more allele G tends to be non-phlegm-block type. In the Uygur hyperuricemia patients, ABCG2 gene rs2231142 with more allele G tends to be non-phlegm-block type. Allele C of rs2231137 and allele G of rs2231142 in ABCG2 gene are more likely to be found in the Uygur people.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Asian People; China; Ethnicity; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30197413
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.908552