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Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Jan 2021Vibration is commonly used to relax tension in the limb and truck muscle. Vibration used directly on the muscle concerned and vertical vibration used on the whole-body... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Vibration is commonly used to relax tension in the limb and truck muscle. Vibration used directly on the muscle concerned and vertical vibration used on the whole-body through a foot platform have been reported in the literature to be useful to release muscle tension.
AIM
The present study investigated the effect of indirect whole-body vibration (WBV) and direct localized perilaryngeal vibration (LPV) on the phonatory functions of nondysphonic individuals with vocal fatigue.
METHODS
Forty-four subjects (mean age = 21.67 years) with normal voice, were randomly assigned to either the WBV group, the LPV group, or the Control (sham hand-held vibratory device) group. They performed karaoke singing for at least 95 minutes. They then received either WBV through a Turbosonic vibratory machine, LPV with a Novofan vibrator, or a sham vibrator for 10 minutes. The highest pitch produced, and self-reported vocal fatigue score were taken before singing, after singing, and after the intervention. Data were analyzed separately for the gender subgroups.
RESULTS
All subject groups showed significant reduction of vocal function (highest pitch production, and vocal fatigue score) after singing. Following the vibrational interventions, both the WBV and LPV groups showed significantly recovery in the highest pitch production and the perception of vocal fatigue (P < 0.002) than the Control groups.
CONCLUSION
Vibrational therapy, whether it is localized vibration on the peri-laryngeal muscles, or whole-body vibration, is more effective than voice rest per se in relieving vocal fatigue. Vibrational methods are recommended for treating vocal fatigue.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Laryngeal Muscles; Phonation; Singing; Vibration; Voice Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 31383515
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.07.009 -
Journal of Speech, Language, and... Apr 2023Given the importance of inspiratory phonation for assessment of vocal fold structure, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate and describe the vocal fold vibratory...
PURPOSE
Given the importance of inspiratory phonation for assessment of vocal fold structure, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate and describe the vocal fold vibratory characteristics of inspiratory phonation using high-speed videoendoscopy in healthy volunteers. The study also examined the empirical relationship between cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and glottal area waveform measurements derived from simultaneous high-speed videoendoscopy and audio recordings.
METHOD
Vocally healthy adults (33 women, 28 men) volunteered for this investigation and completed high-speed videoendoscopic assessment of vocal fold function for two trials of an expiratory/inspiratory phonation task at normal pitch and normal loudness. Twelve glottal area waveform measures and acoustic CPP values were extracted for analyses.
RESULTS
Inspiratory phonation resulted in shorter closing time, longer duration of the opening phase, and faster closing phase velocity compared to expiratory phonation. Sex differences were elucidated. CPP changes for inspiratory phonation were predicted by changes in the glottal area index and waveform symmetry index, whereas changes in CPP during expiratory phonation were predicted by changes in asymmetry quotient, glottal area index, and amplitude periodicity.
CONCLUSIONS
Vocal fold vibratory differences were identified for inspiratory phonation when compared to expiratory phonation, the latter of which has been studied more extensively. This investigation provides important basic inspiratory phonation data to better understand laryngeal physiology in vivo and provides a basic model from which to further study inspiratory phonation in a larger population representing a broader age range.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22223812.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Male; Laryngoscopy; Biomechanical Phenomena; Phonation; Vocal Cords; Acoustics; Vibration; Video Recording
PubMed: 36917802
DOI: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00502 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Nov 2014The relationship between the auditory system and voice production has been studied extensively in those with impaired hearing, indicating the potential importance of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The relationship between the auditory system and voice production has been studied extensively in those with impaired hearing, indicating the potential importance of the auditory system to the voice. However, there has been only limited study on the phonatory implications in those with superior auditory systems. This article examines the current literature on the effects of different auditory system characteristics on voice quality and accuracy.
METHODS
The following databases were searched from their inception to November 2013: PubMed, EBSCO, and CINAHL. The following keywords were used: "hearing impaired," "auditory system," "voice," "professional voice user," "hearing," "singing," and "hearing loss." The references of articles were studied to identify further relevant citations. Additionally, Internet searches of Google and Google Scholar were performed. Relevant articles in English were included for review. Studies were excluded on article selection criteria, search strategy followed, search keywords, and searched databases.
RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS
Current literature on the relationship between the auditory system and voice production focuses mostly on the hearing impaired, in which the changes in voice involve alterations in respiration, phonation, and articulation. Evidence on the phonatory effects of a superior auditory system is more limited. There is conflicting evidence as to the existence of a relationship between auditory pitch discrimination and vocal pitch accuracy. The role of the internal model on this relationship and the effects of training on enhancing and modifying the neural areas involved in the model have been studied. Professional singers have also been studied, examining the effects of training on auditory feedback and pitch accuracy. These studies have also produced inconsistent results. Further research is needed.
Topics: Auditory Pathways; Auditory Perception; Feedback, Psychological; Hearing; Humans; Persons With Hearing Impairments; Phonation; Pitch Discrimination; Respiratory Mechanics; Singing; Speech Acoustics; Voice
PubMed: 24962229
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.03.018 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Feb 2023The objective of this study is to describe an in vivo rabbit phonation model for glottic insufficiency that is simple and reproducible by means of unilateral...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to describe an in vivo rabbit phonation model for glottic insufficiency that is simple and reproducible by means of unilateral transcricothyroid laryngeal muscle stimulation and high-speed video recordings of evoked phonation.
STUDY DESIGN
Nonrandomized controlled animal trial.
SETTING
Academic medical center.
METHODS
A single operation including evoked phonation with bilateral and unilateral transcricothyroid laryngeal muscle stimulation conditions was modeled using 6 New Zealand white rabbits. The effect of stimulation method on glottic cycle, pitch, and loudness was compared. Endoscopic recordings using 5000 frames-per-second image capture technology and audiologic recordings were obtained for all phonation conditions. Primary outcome measures included means of maximum glottal area (MGA)/length pixel ratio, right and left amplitude/length pixel ratios, calculated cycle frequency, auditory recorded frequency, and maximum auditory intensity. Measurements were obtained via pixel counts using ImageJ.
RESULTS
Mean MGA/length was significantly greater with unilateral, 20.30, vs bilateral, 9.62, stimulation (P = .043). Mean frequency of 479.92 Hz vs 683.46 Hz (P = .027) and mean maximum intensity of 76.3 dB vs 83.5 dB (P = .013) were significantly increased from unilateral to bilateral stimulation. There was no significant difference in mean right amplitude/length between unilateral and bilateral.
CONCLUSION
The described model demonstrates a simple and reproducible means of producing glottic insufficiency due to unilateral vocal fold bowing and represents a pathway for better understanding the biomechanics and pathophysiology of glottic insufficiency due to superior laryngeal nerve injury and vocal fold immobility and offers the potential to compare treatment modalities through in vivo study.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Dysphonia; Glottis; Laryngeal Muscles; Phonation; Vocal Cords
PubMed: 35763368
DOI: 10.1177/01945998221107813 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Dec 2017
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Muscles; Phonation; Vocal Cords; Voice Disorders
PubMed: 28914625
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000411 -
Experimental Psychology Sep 2019Words whose articulation resembles ingestion movements are preferred to words mimicking expectoration movements. This so-called in-out effect, suggesting that the oral...
Words whose articulation resembles ingestion movements are preferred to words mimicking expectoration movements. This so-called in-out effect, suggesting that the oral movements caused by consonantal articulation automatically activate concordant motivational states, was already replicated in languages belonging to Germanic (e.g., German and English) and Italic (e.g., Portuguese) branches of the Indo-European family. However, it remains unknown whether such preference extends to the Indo-European branches whose writing system is based on the Cyrillic rather than Latin alphabet (e.g., Ukrainian), or whether it occurs in languages not belonging to the Indo-European family (e.g., Turkish). We replicated the in-out effect in two high-powered experiments ( = 274), with Ukrainian and Turkish native speakers, further supporting an embodied explanation for this intriguing preference.
Topics: Humans; Language; Phonation
PubMed: 31696792
DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000458 -
Journal of Exposure Science &... Sep 2022To elucidate the role of phonation frequency (i.e., pitch) and intensity of speech on respiratory aerosol emissions during sustained phonations.
OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the role of phonation frequency (i.e., pitch) and intensity of speech on respiratory aerosol emissions during sustained phonations.
METHODS
Respiratory aerosol emissions are measured in 40 (24 males and 16 females) healthy, non-trained singers phonating the phoneme /a/ at seven specific frequencies at varying vocal intensity levels.
RESULTS
Increasing frequency of phonation was positively correlated with particle production (r = 0.28, p < 0.001). Particle production rate was also positively correlated (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) with the vocal intensity of phonation, confirming previously reported findings. The primary mode (particle diameter ~0.6 μm) and width of the particle number size distribution were independent of frequency and vocal intensity. Regression models of the particle production rate using frequency, vocal intensity, and the individual subject as predictor variables only produced goodness of fit of adjusted R = 40% (p < 0.001). Finally, it is proposed that superemitters be defined as statistical outliers, which resulted in the identification of one superemitter in the sample of 40 participants.
SIGNIFICANCE
The results suggest there remain unexplored effects (e.g., biomechanical, environmental, behavioral, etc.) that contribute to the high variability in respiratory particle production rates, which ranged from 0.2 particles/s to 142 particles/s across all trials. This is evidenced as well by changes in the distribution of participant particle production that transitions to a more bimodal distribution (second mode at particle diameter ~2 μm) at higher frequencies and vocal intensity levels.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Phonation; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets; Speech
PubMed: 35351959
DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00430-z -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Jan 2022Measures of subglottal pressure (Ps), phonation threshold pressure (PTP), and laryngeal resistance (LR) can be used as indicators of vocal cord disorders. The gold...
INTRODUCTION
Measures of subglottal pressure (Ps), phonation threshold pressure (PTP), and laryngeal resistance (LR) can be used as indicators of vocal cord disorders. The gold standard non-invasive measurement uses labial interruption, which has been shown to have reliability inconsistencies. Mechanical interruption methods have demonstrated promise in measurement reliability. The goal of the present study is to compare retest reliability of labial and mechanical interruption methods.
METHODS
55 subjects aged 18-69 participated. Ten trials were performed for each method. For labial interruption, subjects produced five labial plosives at comfortable and quiet volumes. For mechanical interruption, subjects produced a sustained /α/ while a balloon valve interrupted phonation five times. Thirty subjects completed a second study visit identical to the first approximately two weeks (15 days ± 3.76) after the first visit. Ps, PTP, mean airflow rate, and LR were determined for each subject and retest reliability for each was analyzed.
RESULTS
The percent difference in measurement results for test-retest of Ps were 12.88% ± 10.15 for mechanical interruption and 27.56% ± 17.14 for labial interruption (P = 0.0003). The percent difference for PTP measurements were 21.46% ± 16.01 for mechanical and 17.04% ± 14.62 (P = 0.3372) for labial. Intra-subject coefficients of variation of Ps were 0.086 ± 0.046 for mechanical and 0.161 ± 0.078 for labial (P < 0.0001). For PTP, the coefficients were 0.177 ± 0.083 for mechanical and 0.186 ± 0.091 for labial (P = 0.5402). Lastly, for LR (Ps divided by mean airflow rate) the percent differences were 14.33% ± 10.06 for mechanical and 53.87% ± 43.19 for labial (P < 0.0001) with intra-subject variability of 0.115 ± 0.050 for mechanical and 0.287 ± 0.222 for labial (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Ps and LR measured using mechanical interruption showed more consistency for both retesting across separate study visits and intra-subject variability. PTP was similar in retesting and intra-subject variability. Continued work to improve mechanical interruption techniques is warranted as these methods offer higher reliability and consistency than the labial interruption methods.
Topics: Humans; Larynx; Phonation; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 32253079
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.02.024 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Jan 2022Classical singing pedagogy uses many concepts which lack precise definition and whose acoustic and physiologic correlates are unclear. This study focuses on the concepts... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Classical singing pedagogy uses many concepts which lack precise definition and whose acoustic and physiologic correlates are unclear. This study focuses on the concepts "head resonance" and "imposto." In singing guidebooks, head resonance has been described as causing vibratory sensations on the face and head, auditively it has been described as a bright color especially predominating in the higher pitch range. "Imposto" has been related to the sensation of "air flow" or "sympathetic resonance vibrations" on or over the upper bridge of nose, and it also has been pursued using a "closing mechanism of the upper respiratory track" (activation of nasalis muscle).
STUDY DESIGN
Experimental cross-sectional study.
METHOD
Five subjects (three classical singers, one amateur singer, and a nonsinger) were investigated with nasofiberoscopy during phonation. The singers were instructed to sing [i:] on one comfortable self-chosen pitch in three ways: (1) without head resonance, (2) with head resonance, and (3) using imposto (exploiting the nasalis muscle). The nonsinger was investigated without phonation, while just holding his breath after inhalation first normally and then while producing imposto. The following measurements were made on the fiberoscopic images: (1) height of soft palate, (2) area of the hypopharynx, (3) area of the epilaryngeal tube inlet.
RESULTS
The singers raised the soft palate and narrowed the epilaryngeal inlet during head resonance and even more during imposto. The pharynx to epilarynx ratio increased. Similar narrowing of the epilaryngeal tube inlet was observed in the nonsinger when constricting the nasalis, CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that both the head resonance and imposto are related to control of the pharyngeal space and epilaryngeal tube, and that the nasal muscles may be used as an aid in regulating the epilaryngeal tube width, which in turn, improves the voice-source -tract interaction.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Phonation; Singing; Vibration; Voice Quality
PubMed: 32513553
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.013 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Jan 2022To examine flow phonation characteristics with regard to vocal fold vibration and voice source properties in vocally healthy adults using multimodality voice...
OBJECTIVE
To examine flow phonation characteristics with regard to vocal fold vibration and voice source properties in vocally healthy adults using multimodality voice measurements across various phonation types (breathy, neutral, flow, and pressed) and loudness conditions (typical, loud, and soft).
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
Vocal fold vibration, airflow, acoustic, and subglottal pressure was analyzed in 13 untrained voices (six female and seven male). Participants repeated the syllable / pæ:/ using breathy, neutral, flow, and pressed phonation during typical, loud, and soft loudness conditions. Glottal area (GA) waveforms were extracted from high-speed videoendoscopy; glottal flow was derived from inverse filtering the airflow or the audio signal; and subglottal pressure was measured as the intraoral pressure during /p/ occlusion.
RESULTS
Changes in phonation type and loudness conditions resulted in systematic variations across the relative peak closing velocity derived from the GA waveform for both males and females. Amplitude quotient derived from the flow glottogram varied across phonation types for males.
CONCLUSION
Multimodality evaluation using the GA waveform and the inverse filtered waveforms revealed a complex pattern that varied as a function of phonation types and loudness conditions across males and females. Emerging findings from this study suggests that future large-scale studies should focus on spatial and temporal features of closing speed and closing duration for differentiating flow phonation from other phonation types in untrained adults with and without voice disorders.
Topics: Adult; Female; Glottis; Humans; Male; Phonation; Vibration; Vocal Cords; Voice
PubMed: 32868146
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.07.037