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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology Sep 2018Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and... (Review)
Review
Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.
Topics: Phosphatidic Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phosphatidylinositols; Phosphatidylserines; Plant Development
PubMed: 29660254
DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12655 -
The Journal of Membrane Biology Apr 2021The asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in cell membranes has been the focus of a lot of important research keeping its biological importance in mind. Most of this... (Review)
Review
The asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in cell membranes has been the focus of a lot of important research keeping its biological importance in mind. Most of this research is focused on phosphatidylserine (PS) since it is an apoptotic marker, and there is a robust and easy method available its selective quantification. The aim of this commentary is to argue in favour of another highly abundant membrane lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) almost always associated with PS. PE has one of the smallest headgroups and shows distinctly asymmetric transbilayer distribution. It is a neutral aminophospholipid and capable of a vastly wider range of interactions as seen in its unique ability to act as a molecular chaperone, implicated role in disease biology and its possible role as an anti-cancer target. There are ample evidences to the fact that PE may also bind to Annexin V (ANV), the PS-specific probe, at higher than 10 mol% PE concentrations and absence of Ca ions. An update of the major takeaways from the literature regarding PE asymmetry is also provided.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Membrane Lipids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylserines; Phospholipids
PubMed: 33462666
DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00163-w -
Soft Matter Jan 2020Metastable states in first-order phase-transitions have been traditionally described by classical nucleation theory (CNT). However, recently an increasing number of...
Metastable states in first-order phase-transitions have been traditionally described by classical nucleation theory (CNT). However, recently an increasing number of systems displaying such a transition have not been successfully modelled by CNT. The delayed crystallization of phospholipids upon super-cooling is an interesting case, since the extended timescales allow access into the dynamics. Herein, we demonstrate the controllable behavior of the long-lived metastable liquid-crystalline phase of dilauroyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE), arranged in multi-lamellar vesicles, and the ensuing cooperative transition to the crystalline state. Experimentally, we find that the delay in crystallization is a bulk phenomenon, which is tunable and can be manipulated to span two orders of magnitude in time by changing the quenching temperature, solution salinity, or adding a secondary phospholipid. Our results reveal the robust persistence of the metastability, and showcase the apparent deviation from CNT. This distinctive suppression of the transition may be explained by the resistance of the multi-lamellar vesicle to deformations caused by nucleated crystalline domains. Since phospholipids are used as a platform for drug-delivery, a programmable design of cargo hold and release can be of great benefit.
Topics: Crystallization; Lipid Bilayers; Phase Transition; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Salts
PubMed: 31777911
DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01834d -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Feb 2022Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains 546 and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots...
Four novel Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, motile, and cocci-shaped strains were isolated from tick samples (strains 546 and 573) and respiratory tracts of marmots (strains 1318 and 1311). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strains 546 and 573 were 97.8% identical to Roseomonas wenyumeiae Z23, whereas strains 1311 and 1318 were 98.3% identical to Roseomonas ludipueritiae DSM 14915. In addition, a 98.0% identity was observed between strains 546 and 1318. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that strains 546 and 573 clustered with R. wenyumeiae Z23, whereas strains 1311 and 1318 grouped with R. ludipueritiae DSM 14915. The average nucleotide identity between our isolates and members of the genus Roseomonas was below 95%. The genomic G+C content of strains 546 and 1318 was 70.9% and 69.3%, respectively. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the major polar lipids, with Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. According to all genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic analyses, the four strains represent two novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the names Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov. are proposed, with 546 (= GDMCC 1.1780 = JCM 34187) and 1318 (= GDMCC 1.1781 = JCM 34188) as type strains, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cardiolipins; DNA, Bacterial; Marmota; Methylobacteriaceae; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Ticks
PubMed: 34826100
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1428-1 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Jun 2018Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising strategy for the treatment of multiple diseases. However, the low in vivo stability of siRNA, its poor...
Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising strategy for the treatment of multiple diseases. However, the low in vivo stability of siRNA, its poor pharmacokinetics and inability to penetrate inside cells limit its employment in the clinic. Here, we present a novel redox-sensitive micellar nanopreparation based on a triple conjugate of polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine and phosphatidylethanolamine, PEG-SS-PEI-PE (PSSPD). This non-toxic system efficiently condenses siRNA and specifically downregulates target green fluorescent protein (GFP) only under reducing conditions via intracellular siRNA release after de-shielding of PEG due to increased glutathione (GSH) levels characteristic of cancer cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Disulfides; Drug Carriers; Glutathione; Mice; Micelles; Nanoparticles; Oxidation-Reduction; Particle Size; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyethyleneimine; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 29869650
DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01376d -
Current Protocols in Protein Science Sep 2020Peripheral membrane proteins participate in numerous biological pathways. Thus, methods to analyze their membrane-binding characteristics have become important. In this...
Peripheral membrane proteins participate in numerous biological pathways. Thus, methods to analyze their membrane-binding characteristics have become important. In this report, we detail protocols for the synthesis and utilization of a photoactivable fluorescent lipid as a reporter to monitor membrane binding of proteins. The assay, referred to as proximity-based labeling of membrane-associated proteins (PLiMAP), is based on UV activation of a fluorescent lipid reporter, which in turn crosslinks with proteins bound to membranes and renders them fluorescent. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of BODIPY-diazirine phosphatidylethanolamine (BDPE) Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of BDPE-containing liposomes Basic Protocol 3: Performing PLiMAP with a candidate protein Basic Protocol 4: Quantitation of liposome-binding properties of the candidate protein from analyzing in-gel fluorescence Support Protocol: Purification of GST-2×P4M domain of SidM protein.
Topics: Animals; Boron Compounds; Cell Membrane; Diazomethane; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Liposomes; Membrane Proteins; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; Photochemical Processes; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 32603530
DOI: 10.1002/cpps.110 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Oct 2016This review summarises high resolution studies on the interface of lamellar lipid bilayers composed of the most typical lipid molecules which constitute the lipid matrix... (Review)
Review
This review summarises high resolution studies on the interface of lamellar lipid bilayers composed of the most typical lipid molecules which constitute the lipid matrix of biomembranes. The presented results were obtained predominantly by computer modelling methods. Whenever possible, the results were compared with experimental results obtained for similar systems. The first and main section of the review is concerned with the bilayer-water interface and is divided into four subsections. The first describes the simplest case, where the interface consists only of lipid head groups and water molecules and focuses on interactions between the lipid heads and water molecules; the second describes the interface containing also mono- and divalent ions and concentrates on lipid-ion interactions; the third describes direct inter-lipid interactions. These three subsections are followed by a discussion on the network of direct and indirect inter-lipid interactions at the bilayer interface. The second section summarises recent computer simulation studies on the interactions of antibacterial membrane active compounds with various models of the bacterial outer membrane. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Hydrogen Bonding; Lipid Bilayers; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylserines; Sphingomyelins; Water
PubMed: 26825705
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.01.024 -
Methods in Cell Biology 2020Mitochondria and their associated membranes actively participate in biosynthesis, trafficking, and degradation of cellular phospholipids. Two crucial lipid biosynthetic...
Mitochondria and their associated membranes actively participate in biosynthesis, trafficking, and degradation of cellular phospholipids. Two crucial lipid biosynthetic activities of mitochondria include (i) the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine and (ii) the de novo synthesis of cardiolipin. Here we describe protocols to measure these two activities, applying isotope-labeled or exogenous substrates in combination with thin-layer chromatography or mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Cardiolipins; Cells, Cultured; Drosophila melanogaster; Mitochondria; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylserines; Phospholipids
PubMed: 32183965
DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.12.003 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2019Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derivatives, reactive aldehydes (RAs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including metabolic,... (Review)
Review
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derivatives, reactive aldehydes (RAs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory disease. Understanding how RAs can modify the function of membrane proteins is critical for the design of therapeutic approaches in the above-mentioned pathologies. Over the last few decades, direct interactions of RA with proteins have been extensively studied. Yet, few studies have been performed on the modifications of membrane lipids arising from the interaction of RAs with the lipid amino group that leads to the formation of adducts. It is even less well understood how various multiple adducts affect the properties of the lipid membrane and those of embedded membrane proteins. In this short review, we discuss a crucial role of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PE-derived adducts as mediators of RA effects on membrane proteins. We propose potential PE-mediated mechanisms that explain the modulation of membrane properties and the functions of membrane transporters, channels, receptors, and enzymes. We aim to highlight this new area of research and to encourage a more nuanced investigation of the complex nature of the new lipid-mediated mechanism in the modification of membrane protein function under oxidative stress.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Membrane Proteins; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 31842328
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244545 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2017Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process involved in the elimination of proteins, organelles and pathogens. Autophagosome formation is the key process in autophagy....
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process involved in the elimination of proteins, organelles and pathogens. Autophagosome formation is the key process in autophagy. Lipidated Atg8/LC3 proteins that are conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) play a key role in autophagosome biogenesis. To understand the function of Atg8/LC3-PE in autophagosome formation and host-pathogen interaction requires preparation and structural manipulation of lipidated Atg8/LC3 proteins. Herein, we report the semisynthesis of LC3 proteins and mutants with modifications of different PE fragments or lipids using native chemical ligation and aminolysis approaches.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; Kinetics; Maltose-Binding Proteins; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
PubMed: 28583805
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.051