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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2023Increased interest in farmed aquatic species, aquatic conservation measures, and microbial metabolic end-product utilization have translated into a need for awareness... (Review)
Review
Increased interest in farmed aquatic species, aquatic conservation measures, and microbial metabolic end-product utilization have translated into a need for awareness and recognition of novel microbial species and revisions to bacterial taxonomy. Because this need has largely been unmet, through a 4-year literature review, we present lists of novel and revised bacterial species (including members of the phylum ) derived from aquatic hosts that can serve as a baseline for future biennial summaries of taxonomic revisions in this field. Most new and revised taxa were noted within oxidase-positive and/or nonglucose fermentative Gram-negative bacilli, including members of the , , and genera. Valid and effectively published novel members of the Streptococcus, , and genera are additionally described from disease pathogenesis perspectives.
Topics: Humans; Planctomycetes; Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Phylogeny
PubMed: 36719221
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01426-22 -
British Poultry Science Jun 20221. The goals of this study were to analyse the changes in microbiota composition of chilled chicken during storage and identify microbial biomarkers related to meat...
1. The goals of this study were to analyse the changes in microbiota composition of chilled chicken during storage and identify microbial biomarkers related to meat freshness.2. The study used 16S rDNA sequencing to track the microbiota shift in chilled chicken during storage. Associations between microbiota composition and storage time were analysed and microbial biomarkers were identified.3. The results showed that microbial diversity of chilled chicken decreased with the storage time. A total of 27 and 24 microbial biomarkers were identified by using orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) and the random forest regression approach, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the OPLS regression approach had better performance in identifying freshness-related biomarkers. The multiple stepwise regression analysis identified four key microbial biomarkers, including and genera and constructed a predictive model.4. The study provided microbial biomarkers and a model related to the freshness of chilled chicken. These findings provide a basis for developing detection methods of the freshness of chilled chicken.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Chickens; Food Microbiology; Food Storage; Meat; Microbiota
PubMed: 34747672
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.2003753 -
Microorganisms Mar 2018Phylogenetic relationships between species in the genus have been poorly studied despite pathogenic and ecological relevance of some of its members. This is the first...
Phylogenetic relationships between species in the genus have been poorly studied despite pathogenic and ecological relevance of some of its members. This is the first phylogenetic study that includes new species of (validated or not) that have not been included in any of the previously described clades, using 16S rRNA sequences and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) in concatenated sequences of , , , and housekeeping genes. Sequence analysis has been implemented using Maximum-parsimony (MP), Neighbour-joining (NJ) and Maximum likelihood (ML) treeing methods and the predicted evolutionary relationship between the clades was established on the basis of bootstrap values of >75% for 16S rRNA sequences and MLSA. We have grouped 22 species of the genus into the following 5 clades: Phosphoreum (comprises , "," , , , "" and ""); clade Profundum (composed of , , , , , , "," and ); clade Damselae (two subspecies of , and ); and two new clades: clade Ganghwense (includes , , , , , and ); and clade Leiognathi (composed by , subsp. and " subsp. "). Two additional clades, Rosenbergii and Swingsii, were formed using a phylogenetic method based on 16S rRNA gene, although they are not confirmed by any MLSA methods. Only could not be included in none of the established clade, constituting an orphan clade.
PubMed: 29534541
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6010024 -
Journal of Food Protection Aug 2018Photobacterium species are members of the bacterial communities typically associated with scombrotoxin-forming fish. Reclassification and discovery of new Photobacterium...
Photobacterium species are members of the bacterial communities typically associated with scombrotoxin-forming fish. Reclassification and discovery of new Photobacterium species has caused confusion as to which species are capable of biogenic amine production. We analyzed histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine production by 104 Photobacterium strains representing 23 species. The presence of the genes for histidine decarboxylase ( hdc), lysine decarboxylase ( ldc), and ornithine decarboxylase ( odc) was determined by real-time or conventional PCR and whole genome sequencing. Significant histamine production (>200 ppm) was detected in five Photobacterium species: P. angustum, P. aquimaris, P. kishitanii, P. damselae, and P. phosphoreum. The hdc gene was detected in all of these histamine-producing species except P. phosphoreum. Cadaverine was produced by eight Photobacterium species: P. angustum, P. aquimaris, P. damselae, P. iliopiscarium, P. kishitanii, P. leiognathi, P. mandapamensis, and P. phosphoreum. Putrescine was produced by six Photobacterium species: P. angustum, P. aquimaris, P. kishitanii, P. leiognathi, P. mandapamensis, and Photobacterium sp. Cadaverine production correlated closely with the presence of the ldc gene, but putrescine production did not correlate closely with the presence of the odc gene. Characterization of the biogenic amine production by Photobacterium species will allow identification of these marine bacteria and help ensure that current guidelines account for mitigation of these bacteria.
Topics: Animals; Biogenic Amines; Carboxy-Lyases; Consumer Product Safety; Fishes; Food Contamination; Histidine Decarboxylase; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 29985067
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-022 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2021A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, short rod-shaped, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive bacterium, strain CAU 1568, was isolated from marine sediment sand...
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, short rod-shaped, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive bacterium, strain CAU 1568, was isolated from marine sediment sand sampled at Sido Island in the Republic of Korea. The optimum conditions for growth were at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.5-8.5 and with 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CAU 1568 was a member of the genus with high similarity to JCM 30852 (97.7 %), KACC 17089 (97.3 %) and LMG F28894 (97.3 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C, summed feature 3 (C 6 and/or C 7) and summed feature 8 (C 7 and/or C 6), with Q-8 as the major of isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, two aminophospholipids and three unidentified lipids. The whole genome size of strain CAU 1568 was 4.8 Mb with 50.1 mol% G+C content; including 38 contigs and 4233 protein-coding genes. These taxonomic data support CAU 1568 as representing a novel species, for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this novel species is CAU 1568 (=KCTC 82404=MCCC 1K05668).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Islands; Phospholipids; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Sand; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 34605765
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005034 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Feb 2023Nodularin (NOD) is a harmful cyanotoxin that affects shrimp farming. The hepatopancreas and intestine of shrimp are the main target organs of cyanotoxins. In this study,...
Nodularin (NOD) is a harmful cyanotoxin that affects shrimp farming. The hepatopancreas and intestine of shrimp are the main target organs of cyanotoxins. In this study, we exposed Litopenaeus vannamei to NOD at 0.1 and 1 μg/L for 72 h, respectively, and changes in histology, oxidative stress, gene transcription, metabolism, and intestinal microbiota were investigated. After NOD exposure, the hepatopancreas and intestine showed obvious histopathological damage and elevated oxidative stress response. Transcription patterns of immune genes related to detoxification, prophenoloxidase and coagulation system were altered in the hepatopancreas. Furthermore, metabolic patterns, especially amino acid metabolism and arachidonic acid related metabolites, were also disturbed. The integration of differential genes and metabolites revealed that the functions of "alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism" and "aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis" were highly affected. Alternatively, NOD exposure induced the variation of the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota, especially the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (Demequina, Phyllobacterium and Pseudoalteromonas) and pathogenic bacteria (Photobacterium and Vibrio). Several intestinal bacteria were correlated with the changes of host the metabolic function and immune factors. These results revealed the toxic effects of NOD on shrimp, and identified some biomarkers.
Topics: Animals; Intestines; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Peptides, Cyclic; Penaeidae; Cyanobacteria Toxins; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 36574809
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120950 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024It is widely believed that a significant portion of the gut microbiota, which play crucial roles in overall health and disease, originates from the food we consume....
It is widely believed that a significant portion of the gut microbiota, which play crucial roles in overall health and disease, originates from the food we consume. Sashimi is a type of popular raw seafood cuisine. Its microbiome, however, remained to be thoroughly explored. The objective of this study is to explore the microbiome composition in sashimi at the time when it is served and ready to be eaten. Specifically, our tasks include investigating the diversity and characteristics of microbial profiles in sashimi with respect to the fish types. We utilized the Sanger-sequencing based DNA barcoding technology for fish species authentication and next-generation sequencing for sashimi microbiome profiling. We investigated the microbiome profiles of amberjack, cobia, salmon, tuna and tilapia sashimi, which were all identified using the MT-CO1 DNA sequences regardless of their menu offering names. Chao1 and Shannon indexes, as well as Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index were used to evaluate the alpha and beta diversities of sashimi microbiome. We successfully validated our previous observation that tilapia sashimi has a significantly higher proportions of Pseudomonas compared to other fish sashimi, using independent samples (P = 0.0010). Salmon sashimi exhibited a notably higher Chao1 index in its microbiome in contrast to other fish species (P = 0.0031), indicating a richer and more diverse microbial ecosystem. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index revealed distinct clusters of microbiome profiles with respect to fish types. Microbiome similarity was notably observed between amberjack and tuna, as well as cobia and salmon. The relationship of microbiome similarity can be depicted as a tree which resembles partly the phylogenetic tree of host species, emphasizing the close relationship between host evolution and microbial composition. Moreover, salmon exhibited a pronounced relative abundance of the Photobacterium genus, significantly surpassing tuna (P = 0.0079), observed consistently across various restaurant sources. In conclusion, microbiome composition of Pseudomonas is significantly higher in tilapia sashimi than in other fish sashimi. Salmon sashimi has the highest diversity of microbiome among all fish sashimi that we analyzed. The level of Photobacterium is significantly higher in salmon than in tuna across all the restaurants we surveyed. These findings provide critical insights into the intricate relationship between the host evolution and the microbial composition. These discoveries deepen our understanding of sashimi microbiota, facilitating our decision in selecting raw seafood.
Topics: Animals; Phylogeny; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Salmon; Tuna; Seafood; Photobacterium; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 38443405
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55938-1 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2022This study investigated the impact of Brochothrix (B.) thermosphacta and Pseudomonas (Ps.) fragi on the transcriptomes of Photobacterium (P.) phosphoreum and P. carnosum...
This study investigated the impact of Brochothrix (B.) thermosphacta and Pseudomonas (Ps.) fragi on the transcriptomes of Photobacterium (P.) phosphoreum and P. carnosum on chicken meat under modified atmosphere (MA) and air atmosphere (AA). P. phosphoreum TMW2.2103 responded to MA with a reduced transcript number related to cell division and an enhanced number related to oxidative stress. Concomitantly, the analysis revealed upregulation of fermentation and downregulation of respiration. It predicts enhanced substrate competition in presence of co-contaminants/MA. In contrast, the strain upregulated the respiration in AA, supposably due to improved substrate accessibility in this situation. For P. carnosum TMW2.2149 the respiration was downregulated, and the pyruvate metabolism upregulated under MA. MA/co-contaminant resulted in multiple upregulated metabolic routes. Conversely, AA/co-contaminant resulted only in minor regulations, showing inability to cope with fast growing competitors. Observations reveal different strategies of photobacteria to react to co-contaminants on meat.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Food Microbiology; Meat; Photobacterium; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35804270
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03059-6 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences Dec 2021() is a genus widely studied in regards to its association with and ubiquitous presence in marine environments. However, certain species () have been recently described...
() is a genus widely studied in regards to its association with and ubiquitous presence in marine environments. However, certain species () have been recently described to colonize and spoil raw meats without a marine link. We have studied 27 strains from meat as well as 26 strains from marine environments in order to probe for intraspecies marine/terrestrial subpopulations and identify distinct genomic features acquired by environmental adaptation. We have conducted phylogenetic analysis (MLSA, ANI, , codon usage), search of plasmids (plasmidSPADES), phages (PHASTER), CRISPR-cas operons (CRISPR-finder) and secondary metabolites gene clusters (antiSMASH, BAGEL), in addition to a targeted gene search for specific pathways (e.g. TCA cycle, pentose phosphate, respiratory chain) and elements relevant for growth, adaptation and competition (substrate utilization, motility, bioluminescence, sodium and iron transport). appears as a conserved single clade, with one isolate from MAP fish clustering apart that doesn't, however, show distinct features that could indicate different adaptation. The species harbors genes for a wide carbon source utilization (glycogen/starch, maltose, pullulan, fucose) for colonization of diverse niches in its genome. is represented by two different clades on the phylogenetic analyses not correlating to their origin or distribution of other features analyzed that can be divided into two novel subspecies based on genome-wide values. A more diverse antimicrobial activity (sactipeptides, microcins), production of secondary metabolites (siderophores and arylpolyenes), stress response and adaptation (bioluminescence, sodium transporters, catalase, high affinity for oxygen cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, DMSO reductase and proton translocating NADH dehydrogenase) is predicted compared to the other species. was divided into two clades based on source of isolation correlating with phylogeny and distribution of several traits. The species shows traits common to the other two species, similar carbon utilization/transport gene conservation as for the meat-isolated strains, and predicted utilization of marine-common DMSO and flagellar cluster for the sea-isolated strains. Results additionally suggest that photobacteria are highly prone to horizontal acquisition/loss of genetic material and genetic transduction, and that it might be a strategy for increasing the frequency of strain- or species-specific features that offers a growth/competition advantage.
PubMed: 34950912
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100087 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) has caused severe economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. So far, Researchs on DIV1-infected shrimp have mainly focused on the hemocytes...
INTRODUCTION
Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) has caused severe economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. So far, Researchs on DIV1-infected shrimp have mainly focused on the hemocytes immune response, while studies on the host-intestine microbiota interactions during DIV1 infection have been scarce.
METHODS
This study determined the lethal concentration 50 (LC) of DIV1 to , preliminarily determining that could serve as a susceptible object for DIV1. The interactions and responses between the immune and intestine microbiota of shrimp under DIV1 infection were also investigated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
DIV1 infection decreases intestine bacterial diversity and alters the composition of intestine microbiota. Specifically, DIV1 infection decreases the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria), and significantly increases the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as and , thereby increasing the risk of secondary bacterial infections. The results of PICRUSt functional prediction showed that altered intestine microbiota induces host metabolism disorders, which could be attributed to the bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements for DIV1 replication in shrimp. The comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that some metabolic pathways related to host immunity were significantly activated following DIV1 infection, including ncRNA processing and metabolic process, Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and Arachidonic acid metabolism. may against DIV1 infection by enhancing the expression of some immune-related genes, such as Wnt16, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and C-type lectin 3 (Ctl3). Notably, correlation analysis of intestinal microbial variation with host immunity showed that expansion of pathogenic bacteria ( and ) in DIV1 infection could increased the expression of NF-κB inhibitors cactus-like and Toll interacting protein (Tollip), which may limit the TLR-mediated immune response and ultimately lead to further DIV1 infection.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This study enhances our understanding of the interactions between shrimp immunity and intestinal microbiota. The ultimate goal is to develop novel immune enhancers for shrimp and formulate a safe and effective DIV1 defense strategy.
PubMed: 36713173
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1097931