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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity in vitro of and extracts against potentially pathogenic bacteria for Pacific white shrimp. Furthermore, the...
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity in vitro of and extracts against potentially pathogenic bacteria for Pacific white shrimp. Furthermore, the extracts with higher inhibitory activity were analyzed to identify compounds responsible for bacterial inhibition and evaluate their effect on motility and biofilm formation. and extracts were prepared using methanol, acetone, and hexane by ultrasound. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined against and . The polyphenol profile of those extracts showing the highest bacterial inhibition were determined. Besides, the bacterial swimming and swarming motility and biofilm formation were determined. The highest inhibitory activity against the four pathogens was found with the acetonic extract of leaf (MIC of 50 mg/mL for spp. and 25 mg/mL for spp.) and the methanol extract of flower (MIC of 50 mg/mL for all pathogens tested). Both extracts affected the swarming and swimming motility and the biofilm formation of the tested bacteria. The main phenolic compounds related to bacteria inhibition were naringin, vanillic acid, and rosmarinic acid, whilst hesperidin, kaempferol pentosyl-rutinoside, and rhamnetin were related to bacteria inhibition.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Methanol; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penaeidae; Plant Extracts; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 35889267
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144397 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Cobia () is a marine fish of high economic value that grows at a fast rate. However, intensive fish farming has led to disease outbreaks in cobia cultures, which is...
Cobia () is a marine fish of high economic value that grows at a fast rate. However, intensive fish farming has led to disease outbreaks in cobia cultures, which is highly costly to the industry. The impact of infectious diseases on cobia production has led to the inappropriate and increased use of chemicals and antibiotics, which negatively affects the environment and human health and promotes the spread of drug-resistant pathogens. Hence, prophylactic measurements, such as the use of immunomodulators, are required to improve the health of cultured animals against pathogens. In this study, we examined the effects of water extract (SSWE) in cobia and . We found that treatment with SSWE could significantly increase the expression of cytokines (e.g., , , , , and ) and chemokines (e.g., ) in primary cultured head kidney leukocytes. Intraperitoneal injection of SSWE (20 μg/g body weight) promoted higher expression of , , , , chemokines (e.g., ), and antibodies (e.g., ) in head kidney and spleen tissues of the fish compared with other dose levels. Additionally, we describe for the second time (only after India) of the isolation of subsp. () from a deadly epizootic in cage-farmed cobia. An intraperitoneal inoculation of SSWE before challenge showed that SSWE treatment could delay the onset of mortality of cobia. Finally, fish that received SSWE intraperitoneally before infection with exhibited elevated expression of Th1-type cytokines, namely, , , , and . At the same time, the expression of Th2-related factors (such as in the head kidney, and and in the spleen) were lower for the fish that received SSWE instead of PBS before the challenge. The results indicate that SSWE treatment facilitates the induction of Th1-type cytokines in cobia to fight against infection and has the potential to be used as an immunostimulant and vaccine adjuvant for fish.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Cytokines; Fish Diseases; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation Mediators; Mortality; Photobacterium; Rhodophyta; Th1 Cells; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35140710
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801501 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2023Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems, providing habitats for various organisms. Studies on coral bleaching have been increasing recently, but little is...
Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems, providing habitats for various organisms. Studies on coral bleaching have been increasing recently, but little is known about the distribution and community assembly of coral pathogenic bacteria (e.g., several species). We elucidated the distribution pattern and interaction relationships of total bacteria and spp. in sediments from the Xisha Islands, which are characterized by their high coverage and diversity of coral resources. spp. showed significantly higher relative abundance values in the Xisha Islands (1.00 × 10 copies/g) than in other areas (approximately 1 × 10 to 9.04 × 10 copies/g), indicating that the coral bleaching event of 2020 may have promoted the bloom of vibrios. A spatial shift in community composition was observed between the northern (Photobacterium rosenbergii and Vibrio ponticus) and southern (Vibrio ishigakensis and Vibrio natriegens) sites, accompanied by a clear distance-decay pattern. The spatial distance and coral species (e.g., and ) had much greater correlations with the community than did environmental factors. However, complex mechanisms may exist in the community assembly of spp. due to the large proportion of unexplained variation. Stochastic processes may play an important role, as shown by the neutral model. Vibrio harveyi had the highest relative abundance (77.56%) and niche breadth, compared to other species, and it was negatively correlated with Acroporidae, likely reflecting its strong competitive ability and adverse effects on specific corals. Our study provides insights into the bloom and underlying assembly mechanisms of sedimentary vibrios in the Xisha Islands, thereby contributing to identify the potential indicator of coral bleaching and provide inspiration for the environmental management of coral reef areas. Coral reefs exert important roles in maintaining the sustainability of marine ecosystems but decline worldwide due to various drivers, especially pathogenic microorganisms. Here, we investigated the distribution pattern and interactions of total bacteria and spp. in the sediments from Xisha Islands during the coral bleaching event of 2020. Our results showed that the abundances of (1.00 × 10 copies/g) were high across the whole sites, indicating the bloom of sedimentary spp. Coral pathogenic species were abundant in the sediments, likely reflecting adverse effects on several kinds of corals. The compositions of the spp. were separated by geographical location, which was mainly attributable to the spatial distance and coral species. Overall, this work contributes by providing evidence for the outbreak of coral pathogenic vibrios. The pathogenic mechanism of the dominant species (especially V. harveyi) should be comprehensively considered by laboratory infection experiments in the future.
Topics: Animals; Ecosystem; Coral Bleaching; Islands; Coral Reefs; Anthozoa; Vibrio
PubMed: 37314342
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00543-23 -
International Journal of Food... Nov 2023The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies in recent years has revealed the unexpected presence of genus Photobacterium within the chicken meat spoilage...
The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies in recent years has revealed the unexpected presence of genus Photobacterium within the chicken meat spoilage ecosystem. This study was undertaken to decipher the occurrence, the growth patterns and the genotypic biodiversity of Photobacterium phosphoreum on chicken breast fillets stored aerobically at 4 °C through conventional microbiological methods and molecular techniques. Samples were periodically cultured on marine broth agar (MA; supplemented with meat extract and vancomycin) for the enumeration of presumptive bioluminescent Photobacterium spp. In total, 90 bioluminescent bacteria were recovered from the initial (time of first appearance), middle and end stages of storage. Concomitantly, 95 total psychrotrophic/psychrophilic bacteria were isolated from the same medium to assess the presence and diversity of non-luminous photobacteria. Genetic diversity between bioluminescent isolates was assessed with two PCR-based DNA fingerprinting methods, i.e. RAPD and rep-PCR. Moreover, the characterization of selected bacterial isolates at the genus and/or species level was performed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA and/or gyrB gene. Bioluminescent bacteria were scarcely encountered in fresh samples at population levels of ca. 2.0 log CFU/g, whilst total psychrotrophic/psychrophilic bacteria were found at levels of ca. 4.4 log CFU/g. As time proceeded and close to shelf-life end, bioluminescent bacteria were encountered at higher populations, and were found at levels of 5.3 and 7.0 log CFU/g in samples from the second and third batch, respectively. In the first batch their presence was occasional and at levels up to 3.9 log CFU/g. Accordingly, total psychrotrophic/psychrophilic bacteria exceeded 8.4 log CFU/g at the end of storage, suggesting the possible underestimation of bioluminescent populations following the specific cultivation conditions. Sequence analysis assigned bioluminescent isolates to Photobacterium phosphoreum, while genetic fingerprinting revealed high intra-species variability. Respectively, total psychrotrophs/psychrophiles were assigned to genera Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Psychrobacter, Acinetobacter, Vibrio and Photobacterium. Non-luminous photobacteria were not identified within the psychrotrophs/psychrophiles. Results of the present study reveal the intra- and inter-batch variability on the occurrence and growth responses of P. phosphoreum and highlight its potential role in the chicken meat spoilage consortium.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Food Microbiology; Meat; Photobacterium; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vibrio
PubMed: 37517119
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110334 -
International Journal of Food... Nov 2022Pork preservation and cooking are common processes in food production. This study analyzed the influence of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions (CEON), ε-polylysine...
Influence of the combination of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions and epsilon-polylysine on microbial community and quality of pork during refrigerated period and radio frequency cooking.
Pork preservation and cooking are common processes in food production. This study analyzed the influence of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions (CEON), ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and CEON/ε-PL on microbial community and quality of pork during refrigerated storage and radio frequency (RF) cooking. Results showed that a stable CEON was prepared with soybean lecithin (oil: lecithin = 1:1 w/w). CEON and ε-PL inhibited the growth of total bacteria counts (TBC) of raw pork, and caused Salmonella reduction at refrigerated storage of 12 d. Photobacterium and Pseudomonas were dominant spoilage bacteria of raw pork during refrigerated period. The 0.25 % CEON and 0.125 % CEON + 0.25 % ε-PL had good antimicrobial effects against Photobacterium while 0.5 % ε-PL had a small effect. Pork treated by CEON and CEON/ε-PL had better freshness than control and ε-PL treated samples. RF cooking lowered cooking time compared to water bath cooking at 80 °C and a similar quality of cooked pork was observed. CEON/ε-PL promoted Salmonella and TBC inactivation during RF cooking. TVB-N content, pH, cooking loss and appearance of RF cooked pork were not influenced by the addition of CEON/ε-PL, but the odor was slightly affected. The hardness, springiness and chewiness were enhanced by the addition of CEON/ε-PL. The results revealed that CEON/ε-PL could be used in raw pork preservation and promote bacteria inactivation during RF cooking.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Cooking; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Lecithins; Microbiota; Oils, Volatile; Polylysine; Pork Meat; Red Meat; Salmonella; Swine; Water
PubMed: 36063682
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109911 -
Systematic and Applied Microbiology Sep 2018Three strains, H01100409B, H01100413B, and H27100402H, were isolated from several internal organs of diseased redbanded seabream (Pagrus auriga) reared in Andalusia...
Three strains, H01100409B, H01100413B, and H27100402H, were isolated from several internal organs of diseased redbanded seabream (Pagrus auriga) reared in Andalusia (Southern Spain). All strains were studied by phenotypic, including chemotaxonomy, and genomic characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of six housekeeping genes (gyrB, ftsZ, topA, mreB, gapA, and 16S rRNA) supported the inclusion of the strains within the clade Phosphoreum of the genus Photobacterium, and two of the strains (H27100402H and H01100409B) formed a tight group separated from the closest species P. aquimaris. Genomic analyses, including average nucleotide identity (ANIb and ANIm) and DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), clearly separated strains H27100402H and H01100409B from the other species within the clade Phosphoreum with values below the thresholds for species delineation. The chemotaxonomic features (including FAME analysis and MALDI-TOF-MS) of H27100402H and H01100409B strains confirmed their differentiation from the related taxa. The results demonstrated that strain H01100413B was classified as P. aquimaris and the strains H27100402H and H01100409B represented a new species each in the genus Photobacterium, for which we propose the names Photobacterium malacitanum sp. nov., type strain H27100402H (=CECT 9190=LMG 29992), and Photobacterium andalusiense sp. nov., type strain H01100409B (=CECT 9192=LMG 29994).
Topics: Animals; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fish Diseases; Fisheries; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Phenotype; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Species Specificity; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 29804705
DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2018.04.005 -
Microbial Genomics Apr 2021Despite the recent advances in sequencing technologies, the complete assembly of multi-chromosome genomes of the , often containing several plasmids, remains...
Despite the recent advances in sequencing technologies, the complete assembly of multi-chromosome genomes of the , often containing several plasmids, remains challenging. Using a combination of Oxford Nanopore MinION long reads and short Illumina reads, we fully sequenced, closed and curated the genomes of two strains of a primary aquatic pathogen subsp. isolated in Australia. These are also the first genome sequences of subsp. isolated in Oceania and, to our knowledge, in the Southern hemisphere. We also investigated the phylogenetic relationships between Australian and overseas isolates, revealing that Australian subsp. are more closely related to the Asian and American strains rather than to the European ones. We investigated the mobilome and present new evidence showing that a host specialization process and progressive adaptive evolution to fish are ongoing in subsp. , and are largely mediated by transposable elements, predominantly in chromosome 2, and by plasmids. Finally, we identified two novel potential virulence determinants in subsp. - a chorismate mutase gene, which is ubiquitously retained and co-localized with the AIP56 apoptogenic toxin-encoding gene on the pPHDP10 plasmid, and transfer-messenger RNA gene located on the main chromosome, homologous to a critical-to-virulence determinant in . Our study describes, to our knowledge, the only fully closed and manually curated genomes of subsp. available to date, offering new insights into this important fish pathogen and its evolution.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Chromosome Mapping; DNA Transposable Elements; Evolution, Molecular; Genome, Bacterial; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33885359
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000562 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2019The single toxicity (IC) of zinc (Zn) and 11 nitro-substituted benzenes to were determined, respectively. On basis of single toxicity, the joint toxicity of binary...
The single toxicity (IC) of zinc (Zn) and 11 nitro-substituted benzenes to were determined, respectively. On basis of single toxicity, the joint toxicity of binary mixtures of Zn and 11 nitro-substituted benzenes at different Zn concentrations of 0.2 IC, 0.5 IC, and 0.8 IC were measured. The joint toxicity was evaluated by toxic unit (TU) and additive index (AI) methods. The results indicated that the joint toxicity was not only depending on the Zn concentrations but also on the substituted groups of nitro-substituted benzenes. The quantitative structure-activity relation (QSAR) equations were developed and the results showed that the toxicity of nitro-substituted benzenes has different joint effect at the different Zn concentrations. At the Zn concentration of 0.2 IC, the binary joint effects were mainly antagonism and the joint toxicity was negatively related to descriptors called VE2_B(p) and TIC3. At the Zn concentration of 0.5 IC and 0.8 IC, the binary joint effects were mainly antagonism and simple addition, and the joint toxicity was related to the same descriptor Eig06_ AEA(dm). It indicated that the joint toxic actions were similar when combined at the medium and high concentrations of Zn.
Topics: Benzene; Photobacterium; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Zinc
PubMed: 30909451
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061041 -
International Journal of Biological... Aug 2015The ability of marine organism to cope with oxidative stress is one of the main factors that influence its survival in the marine environment, when senescence conditions... (Review)
Review
The ability of marine organism to cope with oxidative stress is one of the main factors that influence its survival in the marine environment, when senescence conditions prevail. The antioxidative defense system includes enzymatic and non-enzymatic components. Among the enzymatic system, superoxide dismutases are the first and most important of the antioxidant metalloenzymes. Four different types of metal centers have been detected in SODs, dividing this family into Cu/Zn, Ni, Mn and Fe-SODs. Its use was limited to non-drug applications in humans (include: cosmetic, food, agriculture, and chemical industries) and drug applications in animals. This paper is a review of the recent literatures on sources of marine SODs, the need for SOD and different applications in industry, covering the last decades. The most recent paper, patents and reviews on characterization and application are reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Bacterial Proteins; Cyanobacteria; Fungal Proteins; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Photobacterium; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 26047895
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.053 -
Environmental Research Dec 2022This study explored the microbial nitrogen transformation and removal potential in the plant rhizosphere of seven artificial tidal wetlands under different salinity...
This study explored the microbial nitrogen transformation and removal potential in the plant rhizosphere of seven artificial tidal wetlands under different salinity gradients (0-30‰). Molecular biological and stable isotopic analyses revealed the existence of simultaneous anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation), nitrification, DNRA (dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) and denitrification processes, contributing to nitrogen loss in rhizosphere soil. The microbial abundances were 2.87 × 10-9.12 × 10 (nitrogen functional genes) and 1.24 × 10-8.43 × 10 copies/g (16S rRNA gene), and the relative abundances of dissimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrification genera ranged from 6.75% to 24.41% and from 0.77% to 1.81%, respectively. The bacterial 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing indicated that Bacillus, Zobellella and Paracoccus had obvious effects on nitrogen removal by heterotrophic nitrifying/aerobic denitrifying process (HN-AD), and autotrophic nitrification (Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira and Nitrospina), conventional denitrification (Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia and Flavobacterium), anammox (Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Scalindua) and DNRA (Clostridium, Desulfovibrio and Photobacterium) organisms co-existed with HN-AD bacteria. The potential activities of DNRA, nitrification, anammox and denitrification were 1.23-9.23, 400.03-755.91, 3.12-35.24 and 30.51-300.04 nmolN·g·d, respectively. The denitrification process contributed to 73.59-88.65% of NO reduction, compared to 0.71-13.20% and 8.20-15.42% via DNRA and anammox, as 83.83-90.74% of N production was conducted by denitrification, with the rest through anammox. Meanwhile, the nitrification pathway accounted for 95.28-99.23% of NH oxidation, with the rest completed by anammox bacteria. Collectively, these findings improved our understanding on global nitrogen cycles, and provided a new idea for the removal of contaminants in saline water treatment.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Bacteria; Denitrification; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Oxidation-Reduction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rhizosphere; Salinity; Soil; Wetlands
PubMed: 36055394
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114235